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• VCZHU158

  Differentiate key features and apply rules for expressing meanings in spoken and written modes in diverse contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying variability in language used in a variety of contexts, for example, at the supermarket, at the doctor’s surgery, or when visiting a friend or relative
  • recognising language reflecting different levels of formality, such as 爷爷 and 祖父, and using language to reflect formality appropriate to context, for example, l and 非常疲惫
  • using words and expressions reflecting their interlocutor’s seniority and authority, for example, 您老敬请？
  • analysing language use to identify degree of intimacy or distance between participants, for example, 咱俩、我们、我和您
  • differentiating oral and written styles of language, for example, 我要吃好吃的。中国有很多美食

  VCZHU158 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU142

  Recognise how the context of interactions influences language choices

  Elaborations

  • addressing others appropriately, for example, using 王老师 with teacher, 张叔叔 with young adult males, nicknames with close relatives (欢欢表妹)
  • differentiating language use based on different functions, for example, making commands (过来！) or making requests (你可以过来一下吗？)
  • discussing differences in language use at home and at school, for example, comparing how to ask for permission to use a computer (老师，我可以用电脑吗？ and 我就是要用电脑！)

  VCZHU142 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHU122

  Recognise the four tones and their function in Chinese, and compare consonant and vowel sounds in Chinese and English

  Elaborations

  • participating in activities aimed at raising awareness of pronouncing and differentiating between tones and syllables in Chinese and noting differences in own spoken language, for example comparing a recording of own spoken Chinese with other students in the class
  • practising the ‘flow’ of a sentence in Chinese, using gesture to help demonstrate tone and stress
  • performing or reciting texts with strong rhythmic features such as nursery rhymes or tongue twisters, for example, 《猴子穿新衣》

  VCZHU122 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU043

  Identify how character structure, position, and component sequences relate the form of a character to its particular sound and meaning

  Elaborations

  • decoding characters by analysing their structure and the number of components, and recognising familiar components
  • applying their knowledge of characters to learn to read and write new characters, and developing strategies for learning, for example, making connections between characters with a common component (你、他、们)
  • identifying different meanings of key morphemes used in different contexts, for example, 天，日，二/两，你好 versus 好玩

  VCZHU043 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU058

  Examine differences in sounds and tones, and patterns of sound flow in speech

  Elaborations

  • discriminating between sounds heard in oral discourse, including the range of vowel and consonant combinations, for example, ‘qin’ versus ‘qing’ and ‘chi’ versus ‘ci’
  • examining the diverse meanings of words that share similar sounds (for example, the many meanings of the sound ‘shi’), and learning how to differentiate between 同音词 and 近音词 in different contexts, for example, 买东西/卖东西
  • comparing examples of regional variations in pronunciation, for example, the Beijing use of 儿 and the southern pronunciation of ‘shi’ and ‘si’
  • listening to interactions between unfamiliar voices at diverse speeds or levels of clarity to develop auditory and comprehension skills

  VCZHU058 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU112

  Reflect on how language and culture both shape and reflect each other

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the values of one culture when communicating in another, for example, differences in the use and frequency of ‘thank you’ and 谢谢
  • exploring how cultural concepts of family and the importance of one’s sense of connection to others influence use of language
  • analysing the impact on language use of context and relationships between participants, for example, discussing how concepts such as face (面子) and connections (关系) are reflected in interactions between Chinese speakers
  • identifying choices made in interactions in Chinese with people from different generations, for example, changes in greetings (吃饭了没有、拜拜、嗨) and forms of address (同志 、 小姐 、 师傅) over time

  VCZHU112 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | The role of language and culture