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• VCEALL472

  Combine simple sentences using common conjunctions

  Elaborations

  • combining simple sentences using a range of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, for example ‘We need trees so we should not cut them all down’, ‘Riding motorbikes can be dangerous, but people still like to do it because it is exciting’

  VCEALL472 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL254

  Use a range of learnt word patterns for appropriate purposes

  Elaborations

  • using formulas for a range of purposes, including asking questions, supporting social interaction or self-expression, such as ‘What’s the time?’, ‘Oh, no!’, ‘Excellent work’, ‘Well done’
  • using longer formulaic constructions to articulate needs, such as ‘Can I eat lunch?’, ‘I want to go toilet’

  VCEALL254 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCSIS088

  Communicate ideas and processes using evidence to develop explanations of events and phenomena and to identify simple cause-and-effect relationships

  Elaborations

  • discussing how models represent scientific ideas and constructing physical models to demonstrate an aspect of scientific understanding
  • using a variety of communication modes, for example, reports, explanations, arguments, debates and procedural accounts, to communicate science ideas
  • using labelled diagrams, including cross-sectional representations, to communicate ideas and processes

  VCSIS088 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Inquiry Skills | Communicating

• VCADAP023

  Use simple technical and expressive skills when presenting dance that communicates ideas about themselves and their world to an audience

  Elaborations

  • rehearsing learned dance sequences in the performance space, discussing feedback and making changes to enhance communication with the audience
  • combining movement and the use of props such as scarves when presenting dance
  • performing a dance they have created to the class focusing on using appropriate facial expressions and maintaining safe dance practices
  • using questions to interpret dance they view, for example, what did this dance make them think about and why?, what shapes can they see in the dance?, how are the movements combined?

  VCADAP023 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 1 and 2 | Present and Perform

• VCARU169

  Explore and reflect on the impact of social, cultural and intercultural changes such as globalisation and new technologies on the use of Arabic in different contexts

  Elaborations

  • investigating and describing the influence of globalisation and new technologies such as the internet on Arabic as a dynamic language
  • exploring the power and function of Arabic regional dialects in digital and social media
  • researching and reporting on the influence of Arabic language and culture in the local and broader Australian community, for example, the food industry (Lebanese restaurants and bakeries), the entertainment industry and the media (the Arab Film Festival, SBS Arabic radio and television, Arabic films) and education (Arabic bilingual schools)
  • reflecting on changes in their own use of the Arabic language, identifying new terms and behaviours that they have adopted into their everyday language in response to changes in technology and social media

  VCARU169 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGGK098

  Australia’s connections with other countries and how these change people and places

  Elaborations

  • investigating a significant event, such as a severe earthquake or the Olympic Games, and examining its local, regional and global effects on people and places, and discussing the types of responses
  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, through trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • exploring the provision of Australian government or non-government aid to a country in the Asia region or elsewhere in the world and analysing its effects on places in that country
  • investigating the influence of longitude, time zones and the International Date Line on connections with other countries

  VCGGK098 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCMSP180

  Evaluate the effectiveness of different displays in illustrating data features including variability

  Elaborations

  • interpreting data representations in the media and other forums in which symbols represent more than one data value
  • suggesting questions that can be answered by a given data display and using the display to answer questions

  VCMSP180 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCEBC023

  Explain why and describe how people manage financial risks and rewards in the current Australian and global financial landscape

  Elaborations

  • identifying financial risks such as scams and identity theft and considering strategies to avoid these
  • explaining the role of banks and other deposit-taking institutions, such as credit unions or building societies, in collecting deposits, pooling savings and lending them to individuals and business
  • debating the difference between good and bad debt, how to manage debt, the risks of over-indebtedness, and the importance of having a savings buffer
  • identifying ways consumers can protect themselves from risks, for example, through insurances, savings and superannuation

  VCEBC023 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Consumer and Financial Literacy

• VCESC185

  Convey information on a range of issues using different modes of presentation to suit different audiences

  Elaborations

  • researching and reporting on contemporary social, environmental or ethical issues as presented in a range of resources using different presentation techniques, for example, Venn diagrams, flow charts, digital displays
  • composing different types of social media texts such as blogs, advertisements, web pages, magazine articles or live or printed interviews to present views on particular issues, using appropriate protocols to acknowledge sources of reference and commentary, for example, by using reported speech (Dijo el doctor Sanabria que hay que usar autos eléctricos)

  VCESC185 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCTRU101

  Recognise that the Turkish language has evolved and developed through different periods of time, across different contexts and as a result of different influences and interactions, and that it is related to many other languages and has influenced other languages used in the Australian community

  Elaborations

  • understanding that all languages, including Turkish, change over time, that some grow, adding new words and borrowing from other languages, as in the case of both Turkish and Australian English, while others are no longer spoken (often referred to as ‘sleeping’ by owners) as in the case of many Indigenous languages of Australia and North America
  • investigating the influence of different languages on Turkish through different periods, such as Persian and Arabic after the adoption of the religion of Islam, and of French during the 19th century following reforms in the Ottoman Empire
  • understanding reasons for historical developments and reforms in relation to the Turkish language, such as changes implemented under the leadership of Atatürk, for example, changing the script from the Arabic to the Latin alphabet in 1928
  • understanding that Turkish culture and language constantly change due to contact with other cultures and languages and in response to developments in communications, popular culture and technology, for example, through the adoption and adaptation of new words and expressions, such as e-posta, yazıcı, tarayıcı, genel ağ, fare, tıklamak, sanal âlemde gezmek, sanal gerçek
  • recognising connections between language families and individual languages, for example, between Turkish and languages such as Azeri
  • identifying examples of Turkish word-borrowings from other languages, noticing groups of words or expressions in particular categories or areas of interest, such as food, music and sport, for example, hamburger, nota, gitar and Avustralya futbolu
  • recognising the influence of Turkish on English, for example, by identifying words commonly used in Australian English, such as yoghurt (yoğurt), coffee (kahve), horde (ordu), kiosk (köşk), kebab (kebap), turquoise (turkuaz);
  • classifying loan words from English used in Turkish in terms of domains of language use, for example, technological words such as, televizyon, radyo, internet, video, cd

  VCTRU101 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHPEP145

  Identify and critique the accessibility and effectiveness of support services based in the community that impact on the ability to make healthy and safe choices

  Elaborations

  • critiquing images and messages in the media that portray what it means to have a good time and be fun to be around, and evaluating how these images can be interpreted
  • examining local fast-food options, making healthy selections and advocating healthy choices to peers
  • exploring external influences on sexuality and sexual health behaviours, and recognising the impact that decisions and actions can have on own and others’ health and wellbeing
  • evaluating the influence of personal, family, social, environmental and cultural factors on decisions and actions young people take in relation to their health, safety and wellbeing

  VCHPEP145 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 9 and 10 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCHPEP127

  Investigate the benefits of relationships and examine their impact on their own and others’ health and wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • examining how individuals, family and peer groups influence people’s behaviours, decisions and actions
  • understanding and applying online and social protocols to enhance relationships with others and protect their own wellbeing, including recognising and responding to inappropriate online content
  • analysing how their relationships at home and at school influence behaviours and actions
  • analysing how behaviours, actions, and responses to situations can change depending on whether they are by themselves, with friends or with family
  • recognising the impact bullying, violence and harassment can have on peer and family relationships, including online relationships

  VCHPEP127 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 7 and 8 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Communicating and interacting for health and wellbeing

• VCHPEP091

  Identify and practise strategies to promote health, safety and wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • identifying how medications and other substances can be stored safely in the home and at school
  • examining their own eating patterns by researching The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and identifying healthier food choices
  • proposing changes they can make to their daily routines to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity levels
  • explore and practise strategies that could be used to make the home and school environment safer
  • identifying and practising ways of behaving in the playground that ensure the safety of themselves and others

  VCHPEP091 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 3 and 4 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCHPEP107

  Investigate community resources and strategies to seek help about health, safety and wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • researching health information sources and places where they can seek help
  • applying criteria to online information to assess the credibility of the information
  • creating ways to share information about local services young people can access for help, such as a blog, app or advertisement
  • discuss the resources in the local community that could assist young people when they are feeling unsafe at home or at school or during community activities

  VCHPEP107 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 5 and 6 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCGGK151

  Reasons and consequences for spatial variations in human wellbeing on a regional scale within India or another country of the Asia region; and on a local scale in Australia

  Elaborations

  • examining spatial data on human wellbeing in India to identify the regions with different levels of wellbeing, identifying patterns and debating explanations of the differences
  • examining how a person’s wellbeing is influenced by where they live, with reference to at least two different scales in a country of the Asia region
  • researching spatial differences in the wellbeing of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population across Australia, and the extent to which these differences depend on how wellbeing is measured
  • explaining the spatial pattern of human wellbeing in Australia at a local scale, such as within a city or region, and its causes

  VCGGK151 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing

• VCZHC089

  Reflect on personal experiences and observations of using and learning Chinese language in familiar contexts, and use these reflections to improve communication

  Elaborations

  • discussing appropriate language choices across cultures, for example, when meeting people for the first time or interacting with older people (such as a parent’s friend); how presentation of the residential address in Chinese and English reflects certain values in the different cultures
  • reflecting on their own English language use in response to their observations of Chinese speakers, for example, the words they use (slang, complex terminology), how they speak (tone, accent), and how they vary their language in different contexts and with different people
  • engaging with Chinese speakers through organised school activities (such as Skyping students at a Chinese school or welcoming visitors to own school), recording moments when difficulty is experienced in communication and reflecting on the cause of this difficulty
  • reflecting on aspects of their own identity, including what their membership of diverse groups says about who they are and what they consider important, for example, 我是澳大利亚人和日本人；我是老大；我参加学校的足球队
  • noticing how relationships with others — for example, friendship groups (我的朋友是 Lisa 和 George, 我们都很聪明), ethnic group (我是德裔澳大利亚人) — influence language choices and preferences for learning content
  • selecting information to share with a particular audience (for example, students from a sister school in China), asking: Why do I think this information is important to represent who I am? Why do I think my audience would find this information interesting and relevant?
  • comparing expressions of identity encountered in Chinese texts and interactions with their own sense of identity, for example, 他是美籍华人
  • observing interactions between Chinese speakers, and discussing the context and language use (for example, a family eating out in a restaurant, noticing seating arrangements, the background environment and how dishes are ordered and presented) and how this compares to their own experience
  • discussing how language and gesture are used to communicate in English and how these features would be understood when interacting with Chinese people; identifying how their communication styles may need to be altered when conveying ideas in Chinese

  VCZHC089 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC049

  Initiate and sustain interactions with peers and familiar adults to plan and arrange activities or social events in the context of the school or local community, and vary spoken language in response to the needs and demands of other participants

  Elaborations

  • participating in conversations about personal experiences, expressing opinions about what is common to these experiences, for example, 我们的老师教我们很多东西。我们都很喜欢他
  • comparing feelings about music, TV programs or sports, and asking questions to seek ideas, request repetition, clarify meaning (for example, 你喜欢看电视，不是吗？) and enhance mutual understanding, for example, A: 我不太喜欢听流行音乐，我更喜欢摇滚乐,因为摇滚乐很有意思。B: 古典音乐怎么样？古典音乐也不错
  • negotiating with peers in relation to school policies and procedures, by affirming, accepting, clarifying, suggesting and recommending, for example, 小明，明天去动物园要穿校服吗？
  • visiting Chinese-owned stores in the local area and specifying number or nature of items required; requesting, negotiating and accepting prices; and completing transactions, for example, 我们什么时候去…？， 我们去哪儿买？， 我们要买什么？
  • participating in class role-plays of shopping scenarios, including expressing opinions about quality of goods (for example, 这条红色的裤子真好看), making comparisons with the same product or service from other retailers or service providers (for example, 他要一百块，你要一百三十块), and expressing satisfaction or dissatisfaction with price, for example, 太贵了
  • negotiating with classmates to determine an appropriate gift for an overseas visitor, acknowledging ideas and opinions of others and expressing agreement (for example, 好的) or disagreement, and offering alternatives, for example, 我觉得巧克力不好，考拉拼图怎么样？

  VCZHC049 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIC101

  Discuss the nature of identity and of cultural experience, considering the relationship between the two

  Elaborations

  • discussing what identity is and how their own sense of identity is influenced by their experience of living in a multicultural society and of identifying with particular language communities
  • considering how their sense of identity changes over time, taking into account changes in language use at home, in school and in the wider community
  • discussing whether their relationships with people of different generations, gender and language backgrounds influence their ways of communicating
  • reflecting on how their own perspectives and ways of communicating may be perceived by others, for example, in relation to language choice or code-switching and to behaviours that may be perceived as ‘cultural’
  • exploring how using different languages to make meaning and drawing from varied cultural resources affects how they think, behave and communicate
  • discussing whether being bilingual and bicultural affects their sense of identity in ways that involve culture as well as language

  VCHIC101 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCRAU085

  Understand that languages and cultures are interrelated; they shape and are shaped by each other, in a given moment and over time

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts are instances of language and culture working together to convey cultural perspectives, values and concepts
  • analysing how the language may reflect cultural perspectives such as patriotism or acceptance of diversity
  • investigating the origins of particular expressions or words, developing awareness of the origins of meanings and how these may or may not change over time
  • recognising the historical, political and cultural functions and value of language, and its historical and contemporary uses
  • developing awareness of linguistic diversity among speakers of the language, recognising that this reflects cultural diversity and comparing this to linguistic and cultural diversity in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages

  VCRAU085 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCAVCDR011

  Analyse and evaluate the use of methods, media, materials, design elements and design principles in visual communications from different historical, social and cultural contexts, including presentations by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • investigate the methods used by designers to create visual communications, for example the methods the designer used that best suited the design style and aesthetic.
  • investigating the practices of designers from different cultures, for example, compare the practice of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander designers with other Australian designers
  • analysing and evaluating the use of visual imagery to persuade audience choice, for example, how designers use visual imagery to persuade their audiences
  • researching how design styles from different periods of time and cultures reflect their respective societies and cultures
  • discussing the use of design elements and design principles to communicate messages to different audiences in a range of contexts, for example, producing an advertisement for the same product in a magazine, on a billboard, and on a website
  • investigating and analysing the ways in which designers use materials, methods and media in sustainable practices to produce visual communications

  VCAVCDR011 | The Arts | Visual Communication Design | Levels 9 and 10 | Respond and Interpret