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• VCNRU081

  Understand and apply grammatical structures recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts
  • seeking information using a range of questions
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCNRU081 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCPSCSE046

  Evaluate behaviours and protective factors that contribute to the development of confidence, adaptability and self-reflection

  Elaborations

  • defining the concept of protective behaviours and give examples
  • identifying factors that lead to improved confidence, adaptability and self-reflection
  • assessing a range of behaviours and the effect these have on their ability to adapt to challenges
  • identifying a challenging situation or task and analyse the factors that contribute to managing the situation or completing the task
  • developing questions to support self-reflection in relation to confidence and adaptability

  VCPSCSE046 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Self-Awareness and Management | Development of resilience

• VCPSCSO049

  Investigate personal, social and cultural factors that influence the ability to experience positive and respectful relationships and explore the rights and responsibilities of individuals in relationships

  Elaborations

  • imagining the effect that saying ‘no’ to a request would have on a relationship and how personal, social and cultural factors could influence the outcome
  • using a range of scenarios students develop a list of rights and responsibilities to support respectful relationships
  • outlining how questions such as ‘How does that make you feel?’ or statements such as ‘that must be hard’ can foster respectful relationships

  VCPSCSO049 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCRAC006

  Participate in shared reading and play-acting, and respond through singing, chanting, action and movement

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading, sharing opinions and responding to questions
  • describing what is entertaining or appealing in imaginative texts, such as the characters, story or illustrations in books, songs, cartoons or comics
  • responding to imaginative texts such as stories, rhymes and songs through play-acting, illustrating or movement
  • participating in shared performance such as poetry and songs
  • interacting with a character or puppet in an imaginary situation or setting

  VCRAC006 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCRAC053

  Make plans, solve problems and address needs by, for example, corresponding and transacting in real or simulated situations

  Elaborations

  • organising class events, such as holding a lunch, party or performance
  • corresponding with peers, including via technology, asking and responding to questions to seek information or clarification
  • expressing preferences for plans (for example, comparing and contrasting alternatives) and agreeing or disagreeing
  • responding to invitations to events by accepting, declining, and giving excuses
  • participating in collaborative projects, such as arranging an excursion or creating a short documentary
  • participating in transactions and negotiations, such as purchasing food, clothing, souvenirs or transport, maintaining the interaction and discussing issues such as relative cost and wages

  VCRAC053 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCRAU047

  Understand how to use prepositions, and continue to expand knowledge of verbs and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • referring to people and things using pronouns and concrete nouns, such as those related to food and drink and indicating possession
  • describing locations
  • describing actions using verbs
  • knowing how to direct others using imperatives and invite others using polite forms
  • seeking information and explanation using question words
  • describing character and qualities using adjectives
  • indicating location in time and place
  • describing frequency using adverbs
  • creating cohesion using conjunctions
  • expressing reactions with exclamations
  • comparing and evaluating using comparatives and superlatives

  VCRAU047 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCADAR032

  Explain how the elements of dance and production elements communicate ideas in dances from different contexts they make, perform and view, including in dances by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • discussing the purpose of movements, elements of dance, production elements and use of projection and focus and how these can affect the mood of the audience
  • using questions to compare features of dances from different societies and cultures for example, when comparing dances from India and Australia, what do they recognise, what is new to them, how do the dancers express ideas, and what performance spaces are used
  • identifying and discussing the significance intended by a choreographer’s use of movement, space and energy, for example, the use of space and energy in an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander dance performed in their local community, a Chinese ribbon dance, or a Sumatran tambourine dance
  • using questions to interpret a dance, for example, how the movement of the body is used to convey ideas about a story, character or idea, or how was space, costume and/or multimedia used to communicate ideas in the dance
  • considering social and cultural influences as part of a discussion about the role of dance across societies, cultures, environments, locations and times, for examples, the protocols for performing an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander dance, conventions of a Kecak dance from Bali
  • expressing opinions about the way dancers communicate their intentions through use of technical and expressive skills

  VCADAR032 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 5 and 6 | Respond and Interpret

• VCASFC238

  Engage with a range of signed texts to locate and evaluate information, infer or interpret meaning and to present key points in new forms

  Elaborations

  • interviewing an Auslan user, using prepared questions to find out about their experiences or opinions on selected topics, such as early language learning for deaf babies or their experience of education, selecting key elements of their commentary to produce a digital profile to share with the class
  • observing informative signed texts from the Deaf community and deaf-related organisations, such as emergency or advocacy texts, and rephrasing key points in a form suitable for a younger audience
  • collecting information from a variety of signed sources to inform class discussions on current affairs, for example the prevalent use of social media by young people, and access to this by deaf students
  • following more complex procedural signed texts, such as directions to follow in an unfamiliar environment, such as a school camp or excursion
  • watching and summarising information provided by a guest speaker and comparing their noted ideas and opinions with those of their peers
  • viewing texts such as interviews, news reports or vlogs and selecting points of information or details to use in their own texts or opinion pieces
  • viewing Auslan texts from other content areas, using depicting signs to explain key concepts, such as states of matter or climate variation
  • forming and signing questions to request information from a deaf organisation or person, in order to produce a digital information text such as a brochure or web page
  • obtaining information about high-profile members of the international Deaf community to create profiles for an e-magazine

  VCASFC238 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCESU120

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and rhythms of simple spoken Spanish, noticing how they are produced and how they are represented in writing

  Elaborations

  • becoming familiar with the Spanish alphabet, noticing that there is an additional letter as compared to English, ñ
  • imitating Spanish sounds such as j in viaje, ñ in niño, b and v (vaca y boca), ll in calle, and rr in carro
  • noticing that statements and questions have different intonations, for example, Fernando no está. ¿Fernando no está?
  • developing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating words and phrases in context
  • experimenting with sounds in onomatopoeic words such as those related to animal sounds`, for example, pío, (pájaro), quiquiriquí (gallo), miau (gato), guau (perro)
  • noticing differences in punctuation between Spanish and English, such as inverted exclamation and question marks at the beginning of sentences

  VCESU120 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU049

  Consolidate knowledge of grammatical elements such as distinctions between active and passive voice, the form and function of tenses, markers of cohesion such as conjunctions and adverbs, verb moods and number and gender distinctions

  Elaborations

  • knowing how to place adverbs correctly in sentences, for example, धीरे-धीरे, जल्दी में, दौड़ते हुए
  • using ordinal numbers such as पहला, दूसरा
  • distinguishing between questions and requests, for example, क्या मैं पानी पीने जा सकता हूँ? कृपया मुझे पानी पीने जाने दीजिए।
  • situating actions or events through the correct use of past, present and future tenses, for example, जाता था, जाता हूँ, जाऊँगा
  • using conjunctions to connect different elements of a sentence, for example, राम ने खाना खाया और सो गया।
  • using the singular and plural forms of nouns and pronouns, for example, मैं, हम, यह, ये
  • using negative forms of verbs and adjectives, for example, सोहन ने फिल्म नहीं देखी। झूठ कभी मत बोलो।
  • distinguishing between intonation patterns of statements, questions and exclamations, for example, वह पास हो गया! क्या आप वहाँ जाएँगे? तुम अच्छे बच्चे हो।
  • locating events in time, for example, by using days of the week and months and correct tenses
  • extending knowledge of negative constructions, such as कभी नहीं, सोचना भी मत
  • recognising and understanding how Hindi verbs indicate the idea of actions happening or being made to happen बनना, बनाना, बनवाना

  VCHIU049 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDC019

  Contribute to class activities such as solving a problem, creating a display or conducting a role-play/scenario

  Elaborations

  • participating in class routines such as taking the roll, saying the day and date, and describing the weather and the day’s schedule
  • working with others to take action, such as creating a model with captions, producing a poster or invitation for a special event, or designing an Indonesian garden, for example, following instructions, Tolong ambil itu, Mari ikut saya ke…, Minta air, Ayo tanam jagung/sayur
  • preparing, rehearsing and conducting public presentations and performances, such as an Indonesian item for assembly, or a presentation about significant event
  • interacting with the teacher and peers by asking and responding to questions and generating ‘small talk’, for example, Apa kabar? Siapa menonton film itu?
  • participating in group activities such as role-plays, asking and responding to questions and invitations (for example, Mau ke mana?; Mau ikut?), and negotiating with others to make decisions such as choosing ways to get around in Indonesia, for example, Mau naik apa? Saya mau naik becak. Berapa ongkosnya?

  VCIDC019 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC024

  Obtain and process factual information about people, routines, responsibilities and interests

  Elaborations

  • surveying classmates or responding to questionnaires about likes, interests, routines and activities (for example, Ti piace ...? Mi piace/non mi piace. Qual è il tuo libro preferito? Qual è il tuo programma televisivo preferito?), tabulating the results, and presenting information in various forms, such as class profiles, birthday charts or summaries of findings, for example, Dieci bambini giocano a tennis e tre a basket
  • generating questions such as Quanti … A che ora? Dov’ è la festa?
  • reading profiles and other information about children in different cultural contexts, in print and digital form
  • ordering and categorising information, for example, cibi sani e cibi poco sani
  • asking and responding to questions that address information such as participants, characteristics of a person, and dates, times and locations of events of interest to the class, for example, la domenica; il dieci giugno; ha trentasette anni; è alto e forte; è grandissima; ha due ali; abita a Milano

  VCITC024 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC065

  Exchange and elaborate on suggestions and opinions in spoken interactions related to planning and negotiating activities and events, adjusting spoken language for familiar and unfamiliar participants, purposes and contexts

  Elaborations

  • participating in discussions and expressing personal opinions on issues relevant to contemporary youth (such as 教育，环境，科技，文化), displaying levels of politeness or assertiveness as appropriate to context, for example, 我希望 versus 我要; 你最好 / 你应该 versus 你一定要
  • inviting others to voice opinions and eliciting alternative positions by asking questions such as 你怎么看？你觉得呢？你同意吗？, and responding to verbal and non-verbal cues (including silence) from participants
  • acknowledging others’ ideas, views and opinions when expressing agreement or disagreement (for example, 好的、我同意), and challenging others’ opinions using rhetorical questions or concessionary or emphatic phrases, for example, 你说的有道理，可是…；你怎么可以说…?；你说的不对
  • commenting on transaction experiences and acknowledging the work of others, for example, 谢谢你的帮助，但是如果你…就更好了
  • planning group events such as an excursion to Chinatown and persuading others to get involved and contribute in different ways, for example, 我们去中国城可以吃到中国的小吃，你不是很喜欢吃早茶的吗？你来决定我们去哪个饭店吧

  VCZHC065 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCADAE029

  Explore movement possibilities and choreographic devices using safe dance practice and the elements of dance to create movement ideas, sequences, and phrases

  Elaborations

  • improvising new movement to communicate ideas in response to stimulus, for example, dancers grouped in close proximity to represent overcrowded cities
  • exploring stimulus or analysing other dances to devise a variety of movement possibilities, for example, using safe dance practice to explore different ways to jump and land, roll and stand or spiral down to the ground
  • using questions to interpret dance, for example, the movement of the body to communicate ideas about a story, character or idea, or how space is used in the dance
  • using dance-making processes such as abstraction and improvisation to create movements and patterns that can be developed to become a sequence

  VCADAE029 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 5 and 6 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADAE033

  Use safe dance practice, elements of dance, body actions and improvisations to explore ways of making literal movements into abstract movements

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with realistic, everyday movements, for example, exaggerating the movement of a single body part such as the arm in eating spaghetti and blurring this into abstract movements
  • analysing dances from a range of times and locations, considering how a single realistic movement can be manipulated from representational to symbolic
  • asking questions about ideas from other choreographer’s work as a starting point for creating new work, for example, the choreographer’s intention for the dance, or ideas that students think the dance expressed
  • using the elements of dance to develop new movements that still maintain the essence of the original movement

  VCADAE033 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADAE034

  Develop their choreographic intent by applying the elements of dance to select and organise movement

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different elements of dance to explore ideas and develop a choreographic intention for example, translating rhythms and notations of spatial patterns into movement
  • improvising and then selecting movement to best communicate a choreographic intention, for example, a mood or emotion
  • exploring movements that may have symbolic meaning in a social or cultural context, for example, communicate a specific idea by developing a recurring movement idea or motif
  • using questions to analyse how choreographers select and organise movement to communicate choreographic intent, for example, the cultural context in which the dance was developed or viewed, and its significance, or the stylistic differences in street dance performances from different countries or regions across Asia, Europe and the USA

  VCADAE034 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADAE017

  Use fundamental locomotor and non-locomotor movements, body parts, bases and zones to explore safe movement possibilities and dance ideas

  Elaborations

  • exploring the movement possibilities of different body parts, in stillness and moving through space, using different body regions and from different body bases
  • exploring movement possibilities in response to stimulus such as words, stories, objects or images
  • using body parts in isolation and in combination to represent everyday movements, for example, brushing teeth or reading a book
  • using questions to explore forms and elements, for example, how they would move to express a word such as ‘swish’
  • using fabrics such chiffon or lycra, and equipment such as hoola hoops or lengths of rope, to create and extend dance ideas

  VCADAE017 | The Arts | Dance | Foundation Level | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCADAP019

  Use simple technical and expressive skills when presenting dance that communicates ideas to an audience

  Elaborations

  • presenting a learned sequence of movements to the class, teachers or parents, for example, a sequence the class has developed in response to a stimulus such as an image or a story
  • communicating ideas and feelings to an audience, for example, by stamping heavily or tip-toeing lightly, or using movement qualities such as slow, controlled sinking
  • using questions to explore how ideas are interpreted and presented in performance, for example, how were ideas communicated in their dance, or how would they describe the theme or ideas other students are communicating in their dance?
  • using expressive skills to engage the audience, for example, looking out to the audience and using facial expressions

  VCADAP019 | The Arts | Dance | Foundation Level | Present and Perform

• VCADAP027

  Perform dances using technical and expressive skills to communicate ideas and intentions to an audience

  Elaborations

  • using production elements such as costume and props to communicate ideas and feelings in a dance about a place that is special to them
  • using questions when refining dance works for performance to an audience, for example, is there a story in the dance? or how are they using grouping or pathways to communicate ideas in their dance?
  • using expressive skills of projection and focus to communicate dance ideas to an audience, for example, looking out and up to the ceiling and extending movements to express happiness
  • using the elements of dance to communicate ideas clearly, for example, using different body shapes to represent water flowing at different speeds

  VCADAP027 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 3 and 4 | Present and Perform

• VCADAP037

  Rehearse and perform focusing on technical and expressive skills appropriate to style and/or choreographic intent

  Elaborations

  • identifying and demonstrating distinct stylistic characteristics of dance, for example, body posture and attitude within various styles such as contemporary music theatre or hip hop, from different locations such as Asia or USA
  • using evaluation and rehearsal strategies to enhance confidence, clarity of movement, project, focus and musicality in performance
  • linking the application of the elements of dance to the communication of the choreographer’s intent when performing learnt dance works
  • experimenting with alternative expressive skills to enhance performance presence and mood
  • using questions to evaluate dance, for example, how successful was the choreographer in expressing his/her stated intention to the audience, or how well did the dancers use expressive skills in the performance?

  VCADAP037 | The Arts | Dance | Levels 7 and 8 | Present and Perform