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• VCTRU083

  Understand that variations in the use of spoken and written Turkish relate to social roles, communities and contexts, and consider how and why these differ from similar variations in the use of Australian English

  Elaborations

  • identifying protocols associated with the use of language, body language and gestures when using Turkish which are different to those used by people from other language backgrounds, for example, kissing hands, avoiding crossing legs or putting hands in pockets when in the company of elders
  • tracking variations in language use among different community or social groups, identifying how they reflect cultural values, hierarchies or relationships, for example, language used between members of sporting or interest groups
  • discussing the use of Avustralya Türkçesi among people in different contexts, for example, the use of words such as ‘yep’, ‘mate’, shoplar, ‘you know’ within sentences in Turkish, for example, at local events such as festivallerdeki duyurular, satıcıların dili, camide imamın konuşması
  • comparing style, register and grammatical choices adopted in spoken, written or digital versions of an interaction such as a greeting, announcement or apology, for example, özür dilerim/affınıza sığınırım, naber(nbr)/nasılsın
  • understanding why older Turkish speakers and government officials are more likely to use loan words from Persian and Arabic compared to younger generations in social contexts, for example, the use of teferruat instead of ayrıntı, or tercüme instead of çeviri, müracaat for başvuru

  VCTRU083 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRU119

  Understand that the Turkish language and associated cultures shape and are shaped by each other in ways that change over time and across contexts, and that cultural experience, values and identities are reflected in language

  Elaborations

  • tracking changes in Turkish language and ways of communicating over different times and contexts, identifying concepts and values that are differently expressed at different times
  • analysing Turkish language media texts such as notices or advertisements which use representations of culture in different ways, for example, by referencing either traditional or contemporary attitudes or values
  • comparing wordings of texts such as public signs or community announcements which reflect cultural expectations or priorities, for example, duyurular, ilanlar, Bu fırsat kaçmaz!, Son dakika haberi!
  • explaining the significance of single Turkish words that reflect complex cultural concepts that are difficult to translate, such as saygı, mecburiyet, sorumluluk, görev, comparing with expressions in Australian English that are similarly difficult to translate, such as mateship or the bush
  • developing metalanguage for thinking and talking about cultural expression and representation, for example, bakış açısı, değerler, görüntü, klişe, dahil etmek, dışında bırakmak
  • comparing superstitions in Turkish and English, for example, Ayakkabılarınızdan biri ters olarak durursa, hastalık gelir, Ocak ayının birinci günü evine gelen kişi ya da ilk gördüğün kişi sana uğur veya uğursuzluk getirebilir and ‘breaking a mirror brings seven years of bad luck’; considering possible origins, how they reflect cultural experience and whether they stay relevant across time and cultural change
  • examining how cultural values are reflected in Turkish song lyrics, poems, idioms and expressions, for example, tanrı misafiri, misafir odası, kırk fırın ekmek yemen lazım, gel kim olursan ol gel

  VCTRU119 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCVIU033

  Understand how the Vietnamese language has evolved and how it continues to change over time and from place to place due to processes such as globalisation and migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously in response to new ideas, social change and technological development
  • explaining Vietnamese words, phrases and concepts that have emerged as a result of technological development, for example, máy vi tính xách tay, nhấp chuột, điện thoại thông minh, nhật ký điện tử, đồ điều khiển từ xa, trò chơi trực tuyến
  • exploring how globalisation has resulted in the use of English words and expressions in Vietnamese, and discussing the advantages/disadvantages of this influence, for example, the use of English technological terms such as ‘CD’, ‘DVD’, ‘USB’, ‘video’, ‘TV’, ‘remote control’, ‘computer’, ‘laptop’, ‘internet’ and ‘website’ in spite of the existence of Vietnamese equivalents
  • examining how how new words and concepts have entered the Vietnamese language as a result of processes such as migration and international travel, for example, bảo lãnh, hộ chiếu, thị thực nhập cảnh, di dân, định cư, hội nhập, quốc tịch, thường trú nhân
  • analysing the influence of popular culture on Vietnamese language use in Vietnam and in Vietnamese-speaking communities outside Vietnam, including Australia, such as the development of new vocabulary, for example, phong cách/thời trang Hàn quốc, truyện tranh Nhật Bản, nhạc RIB/hiphop

  VCVIU033 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCVIU186

  Understand and use compound sentence structures, conjunctions, and a range of language features, such as similes or rhetorical questions, and combine them with knowledge of Sino-Vietnamese words and abstract vocabulary to enhance communication and achieve particular effects

  Elaborations

  • using compound sentence structures to elaborate on ideas and clarify or justify opinions, for example, Con thích đi ăn ở nhà hàng mà mẹ tổ chức sinh nhật cho bà nội lúc bà qua Úc năm rồi vì chỗ đó thức ăn ngon mà lại rẻ nữa
  • sequencing and adding ideas, events and actions using a variety of high-level cohesive devices such as ngoài ra, hơn nữa, tuy nhiên and bên cạnh đó
  • comparing the meaning and use of Vietnamese and English conjunctions, such as càng … càng = ‘the more … the more …’ or ‘more and more’, vừa … vừa … = ‘both … and’, chẳng những … mà còn = ‘not only … but also’, không … mà cũng không = ‘neither … nor’, and using them in own speech and writing
  • using a range of sentence endings to soften commands, for example, Học bài đi chứ! Học bài đi nha!
  • using a range of words and expressions to express different levels of certainty in opinions, for example, Tôi đoán/nghĩ/tin/chắc chắn rằng …
  • expressing levels of possibility and certainty using lẽ ra, có thể là, chắc là, ắt hẳn là
  • explaining the effect of stylistic devices used in Vietnamese texts and using them to enhance communication, for example, Chẳng lẽ mình là người Việt mà lại không biết nói tiếng Việt sao? (rhetorical question); đi nhanh, ăn nhanh, nói nhanh (repetition); đẹp như tiên (simile); Hôm nay lạnh mặt trời đi ngủ sớm (personification)
  • understanding and using onomatopoeic words such as ầm ầm, ào ào, rào rào, rì rào, róc rách, tí tách, đì đùng in own spoken and written texts, for example, sấm chớp ầm ầm, mưa rơi tí tách, gió thổi rì rào, suối chảy róc rách, pháo nổ đì đùng
  • exploring the meaning of Sino-Vietnamese words and providing their equivalents in modern Vietnamese, for example, tổ quốc = đất nước, phụ mẫu = cha mẹ, phụ nữ = đàn bà, huynh đệ = anh em, phi trường= sân bay, lương thực = đồ ăn
  • understanding and using common Sino-Vietnamese words as appropriate to context (such as for formal occasions), for example, hội phụ nữ, not hội đàn bà; viện dưỡng lão, not nhà người già
  • understanding and using abstract nouns, adjectives and verbs to express abstract or sophisticated concepts and attitudes, for example, Không gì có thể sánh bằng công ơn và tình thương của cha mẹ đối với con cái. Phụ nữ Việt Nam hết lòng tận tụy, hy sinh cho gia đình
  • using specialised vocabulary to discuss a range of topics of interest, for example, the environment (ô nhiễm môi trường, tái chế, năng lượng sạch), technology (an toàn trên mạng, nhật ký điện tử, mạng lưới toàn cầu), and migration (tỵ nạn, di dân, định cư, hội nhập, thường trú nhân, quốc tịch)
  • using sympathetic language to signal empathy, restraint or indirect disagreement, for example, Tôi hiểu/rất thông cảm với bạn …, Thôi bạn đừng buồn nữa …, Thôi được rồi, khoan đã

  VCVIU186 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC148

  Organise and summarise key points of information obtained from different types of Auslan texts

  Elaborations

  • retelling key points of information used in classroom interactions and school activities, such as announcements or directions for a game or task
  • watching Auslan texts that show people expressing likes and dislikes, and recording observations in table form
  • watching a signed presentation by a teacher, peer or visitor and identifying specific points of information
  • surveying peers in relation to their interests and preferences, summarising findings in formats such as profiles, charts or graphs
  • following the steps of a signed demonstration or procedure such as baking/cooking or simple science experiments, checking with each other about ingredients and processes
  • recounting in correct sequence the main points of a shared event such as an assembly performance or sports carnival

  VCASFC148 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VC2M7ST03

  plan and conduct statistical investigations for issues involving discrete and continuous numerical data, and data collected from primary and secondary sources; analyse and interpret distributions of data and report findings in terms of shape and summary statistics

  Elaborations

  • obtaining secondary data from newspapers, the internet or the Australian Bureau of Statistics
  • investigating secondary data relating to the distribution and use of non-renewable resources around the world
  • conducting an investigation to draw conclusions about whether teenagers have faster reaction times than adults
  • conducting an investigation to support claims that a modification of a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) related design has improved performance
  • using secondary data from the Australian Reconciliation Barometer to conduct and report on statistical investigations relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

  VC2M7ST03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Statistics

• VCRAC021

  Obtain and share information from peers and texts related to family, home, routines and interests

  Elaborations

  • gathering information about activities of others, such as surveying peers about time spent on activities
  • compiling information and reporting it to others, for example, making a shared class graph showing popular leisure activities during the year
  • comparing information about activities and practices across cultures, for example, reading, viewing or listening to texts in the language related to aspects of school life such as timetables, canteen menus, extracurricular activities and sports
  • working in groups to obtain and use factual information from texts related to other learning areas, for example, completing a simple science experiment, naming countries and significant land features, or recording distances using geography skills

  VCRAC021 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCEALL202

  Use basic terminology of reading

  Elaborations

  • understanding terminology such as ‘book’, ‘author’, ‘picture’, ‘word’

  VCEALL202 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level BL | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCMNA054

  Subitise regular arrangements of objects and arrays up to five

  Elaborations

  • understanding that some numbers are represented by a set pattern or array

  VCMNA054 | Mathematics | Level D | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA245

  Express one quantity as a fraction of another, with and without the use of digital technologies

  Elaborations

  • using examples for the quantities to be expressed and understanding the reasons for the calculations

  VCMNA245 | Mathematics | Level 7 | Number and Algebra | Real numbers

• VCMNA275

  Investigate the concept of irrational numbers, including π

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the real number system includes irrational numbers

  VCMNA275 | Mathematics | Level 8 | Number and Algebra | Real numbers

• VCMNA304

  Solve problems involving simple interest

  Elaborations

  • understanding that financial decisions can be assisted by mathematical calculations

  VCMNA304 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Money and financial mathematics

• VCMNA305

  Extend and apply the index laws to variables, using positive integer indices and the zero index

  Elaborations

  • understanding that index laws apply to variables as well as numbers

  VCMNA305 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VCASFC022

  Collect, classify and paraphrase information from a variety of Auslan texts and sources used in school and in the Deaf community

  Elaborations

  • recalling specific points of information in signed classroom instructions or descriptions and responding to comprehension questions in Auslan
  • paraphrasing the content of selected community texts, such as public service or promotional announcements on the Deaf Emergency Info website
  • conducting an interview with a member of the Deaf community and reporting back to the class on key points
  • using factual questions to request information about planned events or activities, for example in relation to details such as place, time or cost
  • surveying peers about interests, preferences or routines, presenting findings in formats such as profiles, charts or graphs
  • locating, organising and presenting information from Auslan resources related to other learning areas, such as science materials or cooking demonstrations, for example, Sign & Cook for Kids (Auslan Storybooks)
  • learning new Auslan vocabulary and language structures through interacting with Deaf visitors and mentors, recording the new language in personal sign dictionaries

  VCASFC022 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCCCTR027

  Examine the difference between valid and sound arguments and between inductive and deductive reasoning, and their degrees of certainty

  Elaborations

  • exploring the link between probability and inductive reasoning, for example when conducting chance experiments
  • discussing how predictions in science can be based on inductive reasoning, for example making predictions based past observations; or deductive reasoning, for example making predictions based on general rules
  • investigating how an argument can be logically valid but not sound for example All gladiators were men, the person in this historical source is a female, therefore, the person could not have been a gladiator, when some gladiators were female (premise one is false) and the person in the picture was actually male (premise two is false)
  • examining the distinction between sound and valid arguments in the context of a topic such as stereotyping; for example ‘All boys can run faster than girls, we only need fast runners for this team, therefore boys should be picked for this team’

  VCCCTR027 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Reasoning

• VCFRC114

  Respond to a range of traditional and contemporary texts, and compare themes and language style

  Elaborations

  • comparing treatment of particular themes, such as romance, adventure or family, in a range of texts created at different times, identifying changes in values and perspectives over time (for example, les fables, les contes, les dessins animés, la science fiction)
  • creating a shared database of imaginative, performative and expressive texts that they have enjoyed (such as songs, poems, cartoons and films), cross-referencing titles, genres, themes and values, and giving ratings and brief explanations for selections
  • comparing contemporary French and Australian music by reading music magazines, viewing video clips and listening to music stations, identifying similarities and differences in expression, themes and styles of performance
  • reviewing examples of French humour across different times and contexts (for example, le mime, les blagues, les comiques, les dessins animés), and considering similar changes in Australian expressions of humour according to era and context

  VCFRC114 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCGRCU027

  Discuss how the ancient Greek world has influenced the modern world, in its social, political and legal structures; philosophy; literature; arts; and medical and scientific practices

  Elaborations

  • discussing the ancient origins of modern political and legal structures and concepts, such as jury service, elections, trials
  • exploring modern social issues, such as class, the role of women and civil rights, and making comparisons with the Classical Greek period
  • researching the influence of leading Greek intellectuals, such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, on modern Western philosophy
  • discussing influences of Classical Greek literature on modern novels, poetry, drama and film, such as World War I poetry, David Malouf’s Ransom, Anouilh’s Antigone, A Dream of Passion (Medea)
  • recognising the importance of literary genres such as epic, tragedy, comedy, epigram, ode, history, myth
  • viewing artworks to investigate the incorporation of classical techniques and themes by later artists, for example, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Bernini
  • investigating ancient practices in medicine and science still relevant in the modern world, such as the theories of Hippocrates, Democritus, Pythagoras, Archimedes, Eratosthenes, Aristarchus

  VCGRCU027 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• VCHIU088

  Categorise observed changes to Hindi in domains of use such as education, media, popular culture and intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • identifying changes in Hindi language forms and communicative styles in domains of use such as IT, diplomacy and commerce
  • classifying words and expressions from other languages that they use in different curriculum areas such as science, visual arts, economics, social studies
  • creating glossaries of terms that originated in other languages that they use in different areas of their own lives, for example, Persian सरकार, Arabic अदालत,Turkish क़ुली and Japanese रिक्शा
  • talking with older members of their families or communities about changes to Hindi across their lifetime, such as the blending of English and Hindi in language used in entertainment, news and sports commentary or advertising
  • analysing the language of the internet in terms of inter-language influences, for example, by identifying examples of Hindi words that have been adapted to accommodate concepts expressed in other languages

  VCHIU088 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCIDC038

  Locate, classify and compare factual information from texts about aspects of daily life and significant events across cultures

  Elaborations

  • identifying information in texts such as advertisements, conversations, brochures and announcements, and sharing this information with others in another format, for example, presenting a chart of favourite television programs or computer games
  • reading texts and extracting key points about an issue or topic (such as housing, living in the city or a rural area, types of activities for young people and their daily routines), and discussing information with peers, Anak itu tinggal di kampung…
  • reading, viewing and listening to texts to research information about concepts related to other learning areas such as the Arts, Humanities and Science
  • identifying and comparing perspectives about information in spoken and written texts , for example, Apakah informasi ini benar?, Informasi ini dari mana?, Siapa yang menulis teks ini?, Berapa orang setuju?

  VCIDC038 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCKOC156

  Listen to, view and read texts for specific information drawn from a range of sources relating to social and cultural worlds in different times, places and communities, and to different learning areas

  Elaborations

  • identifying information in texts such as advertisements, conversations, brochures and announcements, and sharing this information with others in another format, for example, presenting a chart of favourite television programs or computer games
  • reading texts and extracting key points about an issue or topic (such as weather, types of activities for young people, daily routines), and sharing information with peers, for example, 날씨가 어때요? 비가 와요; 언제 만나요? 내일 두 시에 만나요
  • reading, viewing and listening to texts to collect information about concepts related to other learning areas such as the arts, humanities and science
  • identifying and comparing perspectives represented in spoken and written informative texts, for example, 누가 썼어요/말했어요? ...이/가 맞는 것 같아요? 왜 맞아요?

  VCKOC156 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing