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• VCDEU029

  Notice examples in spoken German of variation in features such as pronunciation, rhythm and stress, and the use of contractions; and articulate and apply in writing common German spelling and punctuation rules, such as for commas and quotation marks

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing rhythms in complex sentences, using pausing and intonation to signal clause sequence and emphasis
  • recognising the role of pronunciation, rhythm and pace in enhancing meaning and creating effects (mood, suggesting relationships) in spoken texts such as stories, poems, songs and conversations
  • listening to and/or viewing excerpts of authentic German conversations, noting examples of contractions and the impact of their use
  • comparing punctuation rules in English and German, considering aspects such as the distribution and functions of commas, and the style of quotation marks for direct speech
  • applying German punctuation and spelling rules to edit own and others’ written work systematically

  VCDEU029 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDTDS045

  Investigate the role of hardware and software in managing, controlling and securing the movement of and access to data in networked digital systems

  Elaborations

  • explaining how an operating system manages the relationship between hardware, applications and system software
  • comparing the similarities and differences of two common operating systems based on characteristics such as protection, control, processing and storage
  • identifying how changes to the configuration of an operating system change the operation of hardware and software components in a networked digital system
  • explaining the role of hardware and software components in allowing people to interact with digital systems, for example using a mouse or touch pad or screen, speech, accelerometer
  • investigating the operation and use of robotic process control systems
  • explaining encryption of data as a means of protecting data, for example secret keys and ‘exclusive or’ (XOR) and hashing algorithms to digitally sign data

  VCDTDS045 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Digital Systems

• VCECD002

  Explore the type of acts often considered right and those often considered wrong and the reasons why they are considered so

  Elaborations

  • considering a range of actions and typical reasons people use to justify whether an act is right or wrong, for example, whether the action breaks rules or results in harm
  • exploring the reasons for a widely held remembrance or commemoration, for example, the meaning and significance of Australia Day as a public holiday
  • identifying acts many people associate with good and bad behaviours and discussing reasons for these, for example, behaviour in groups such as teams, audiences or social communities
  • classifying acts as right and/or wrong and discussing what is common and different in the reasons why, for example, sharing a small amount of water between many thirsty people, pushing someone out of the way and copying, appropriating or reworking someone’s ideas or solutions

  VCECD002 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Foundation to Level 2 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCECU010

  Discuss how ethical principles can be used as the basis for action, considering the influence of cultural norms, religion, world views and philosophical thought on these principles

  Elaborations

  • investigating some common ethical principles, for example, ‘always treat people as ends not means’ (philosopher Immanuel Kant), and ‘actions are right in proportion to whether they promote happiness’ (philosopher John Stuart Mill), and comparing how they might be applied to a particular situation, for example, whether to participate in a fund raising event.
  • examining basic tenets of major world religions and non-religious worldviews and how they form the basis of a particular principle/s, such as ‘treat others as you would want to be treated’ (the Golden Rule)
  • investigating differing cultural norms concerning the importance of the individual relative to the family or wider community and how this may influence views on loyalty, obligation and responsibility and in turn views on guiding ethical principles

  VCECU010 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding Concepts

• VCELC020

  Participate in structured discussions and tasks by asking and responding to questions, clarifying understanding and expressing agreement or disagreement

  Elaborations

  • interacting in class routines by requesting, advising and apologising, for example, Συγγνώμη δεν κατάλαβα, Μήπως θέλεις βοήθεια;
  • clarifying meaning or instructions Ορίστε, Συγγνώμη; Κοίτα/Κοιτάξτε, Τι είπατε;
  • participating in discussions using modelled language, expressing opinions, for example, πιστεύω, νομίζω, and agreeing/disagreeing, for example, Συμφωνώ, Δεν συμφωνώ, on topics such as wearing hats in summer, for example, Φοράμε καπέλα το καλοκαίρι
  • contributing to collaborative interactions such as creating a schedule for a visiting school group, setting up a school display, hosting an event

  VCELC020 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELC027

  Interact with Greek speakers and resources, recognising that intercultural communication involves shared responsibility for communication

  Elaborations

  • interacting with Greek speakers, for example, with students from a sister-school, reflecting on how language choices might be interpreted by Greek speakers and making adjustments to convey intended meaning
  • sharing Greek language and cultural experiences with peers and others, for example, reporting on in-country experience, and exploring the reciprocal nature of intercultural communication
  • reflecting, such as in discussions, blogs and journals, on incidents and repair strategies in the course of learning and using Modern Greek, for example, when encountering misunderstandings in communication
  • examining reactions to different perceptions and expectations around similar and different cultural practices in the Australian and Greek contexts, for example, the concept of personal space, or head tilting to indicate ‘no’

  VCELC027 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCELT219

  Discuss the characters and settings of different texts and explore how language is used to present these features in different ways

  Elaborations

  • describing features of text settings including time, colours used to portray year, season, and place (country or city) and how this impacts on the characters
  • describing plots including beginnings (orientation), how the problem (complication) is introduced and solved (resolution), and considering how these features construct meanings
  • identifying features of imaginary or fantasy texts, for example magic powers, shifts in time
  • investigating Aboriginal stories, found from online sources, that explain physical features of the landscape and identify and describe the common features of language used
  • comparing two or more versions of the same story by different authors or from different cultures, describing similarities and differences in authors’ points of view

  VCELT219 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCELU031

  Compare and contrast the structure and linguistic features of different types of text, developing understanding of the relationship between context, purpose and audience, and identifying culturally specific elements

  Elaborations

  • applying knowledge of the interrelationship between context, purpose and audience to identify text type and predict the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary and expressions
  • identifying how grammatical choices, words and images combine in a text to achieve particular intentions and effects, for example, the positioning of the reader through the use of personal pronouns, imperative verb forms and negative indicators, and emotive language and images
  • comparing Greek and English versions of familiar texts such as recipes and horoscopes, commenting on similarities and differences in text structure and cultural elements
  • interpreting and explaining textual conventions when using technology and social media

  VCELU031 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU170

  Understand how language use reflects cultural ideas, assumptions and perspectives, and reflect on how what is considered acceptable in communication varies across cultures

  Elaborations

  • discussing ways of communicating across cultures, the significance of cultural concepts and how social conventions are reflected in language use, for example, Γεια μας!, Nα΄σαι καλά, Σιδερένιος, Να ζήσετε, Πάντα άξιος, considering assumptions and perspectives
  • analysing the meaning and use of proverbs, idioms and sayings, for example, Δείξε μου τον φίλο σου να σου πω ποιος είσαι, discussing how they reflect culture and traditions
  • reflect on ways cultural ideas embedded in language influence places occupied by Greek diaspora and the sustainability of those places

  VCELU170 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELY153

  Use comprehension strategies to understand and discuss texts listened to, viewed or read independently

  Elaborations

  • talking about the meanings in texts listened to, viewed and read
  • visualising elements in a text (for example drawing an event or character from a text read aloud)
  • providing a simple, correctly-sequenced retelling of narrative texts
  • relating one or two key facts from informative texts
  • finding a key word in a text to answer a literal question
  • making links between events in a text and students’ own experiences
  • making an inference about a character's feelings
  • discussing and sequencing events in stories
  • drawing events in sequence, recognising that for some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stories the sequence of events may be cyclical

  VCELY153 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCESC009

  Create simple bilingual texts such as learning resources, online announcements, games and displays for use in the classroom, school or wider community

  Elaborations

  • creating simple bilingual texts for that include contextual and visual support, for example, community information leaflets, captions for photo displays, or restaurant menus
  • creating bilingual resources for their own use in the classroom, such as word banks, personal Spanish–English dictionaries, and glossaries to explain common idioms
  • designing and maintaining a bilingual website with a sister school or another group of Spanish learners in Australia, considering the best use of each language depending on the context and nature of the information or interaction
  • creating bilingual texts for specific audiences, such as songs or games for younger learners of Spanish, or a schedule for an online event likely to interest both English and Spanish speakers, noticing how meanings need to be tailored for different intended audiences

  VCESC009 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESU126

  Notice some differences and similarities in cultural practices between Spanish speakers and Australian-English speakers

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of culture: how it involves visible elements, such as ways of eating, or symbols such as flags, and invisible elements, such as how people live, what they value, and how they think about themselves and others
  • noticing similarities and differences between naming systems across languages and cultures represented in the classroom, for example, the use of diminutives, nicknames, surnames and ways of referring to family members (Juancito, Paquito; Nacho, Paco; Lola García Martínez; mi yayo/a, tato/a)
  • noticing expressions and terms in Australian English that reflect Australian lifestyles and cultures, such as terms associated with food, the land, sports and leisure activities, for example, ‘backyard’ or ‘footy’

  VCESU126 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCFRC096

  Engage with imaginative and creative texts such as stories, poems, songs or cartoons, comparing favourite elements, and discussing characters, events, themes and effects

  Elaborations

  • responding to questions about characters or events in different types of imaginative texts, and listing and using associated key words or expressions
  • interacting with texts such as stories, poems, songs or cartoons, using modelled and scaffolded language to express opinions, for example, trop triste, si amusant, affreux; pour moi les images…; personnellement, je préfère…
  • noticing and engaging with rhythm, intonation and imagery used to build mood and meaning in poems, songs and performances, and experimenting with language, voice and actions to create similar effects in own re-enactments
  • listening to or viewing texts such as songs, raps or film and video clips, and noticing ideas and comparing aspects that may be similar or different across cultures

  VCFRC096 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCGGK109

  The spiritual, economic, cultural and aesthetic value of water for people, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and peoples of the Asia region, that influence the significance of places

  Elaborations

  • examining and comparing places in Australia and countries of the Asia region that have economies and communities based on irrigation. For example, rice production in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area in NSW and the Mekong Delta in Vietnam
  • exploring the multilayered meanings (material, cultural and spiritual wellbeing) associated with rivers, waterholes, seas, lakes, soaks and springs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • examining bays, rivers, waterfalls or lakes in Australia and in countries of the Asia region that have been listed as either World Heritage sites or national parks for their aesthetic and cultural value
  • investigating the spiritual significance of water in an Asian culture

  VCGGK109 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Water in the world

• VCGGK120

  Spiritual, cultural and aesthetic value of landscapes and landforms for people, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, that influence the significance of places, and ways of protecting significant landscapes

  Elaborations

  • discussing the significance of landscapes in literature, song/music, film, art and identity
  • analysing the role of landforms and landscapes in tourism. For example, Uluru in Australia or the Grand Canyon in the USA
  • exploring the multilayered meanings (material, cultural and spiritual wellbeing) associated with landscapes and landforms by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • identifying different views about the recreational, psychological, aesthetic and spiritual value of particular environments and about the nature and extent of their protection, and discussing how this links to ideas about environmental sustainability
  • investigating a significant landscape that is threatened by human activities and developing a proposal for the future of the landscape that takes account of the views of the diverse groups, including Traditional Owners, with an interest in its use or protection

  VCGGK120 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• VCGRCE021

  Evaluate different translations and interpretations of Classical Greek texts, using metalanguage to discuss their effectiveness, and develop strategies for successful translations

  Elaborations

  • evaluating the effectiveness of translations, using criteria such as selection of appropriate vocabulary, grammatical accuracy, fluency, conciseness, clarity, idiomatic expression
  • discussing how closely and effectively translations convey the author’s meaning and intent
  • critically analysing the merits of different translations of the same text, presenting and justifying opinions, and recognising skills of others
  • discussing strategies used to convey complex ideas and structures, such as subordinate clauses, rendering of mood and the use of correlatives, for example, τόσος/ὅσος, τοῖος/οἷος
  • evaluating strategies used to create fluent, accurate and idiomatic translations
  • applying identified strategies to the translation of seen and unseen texts

  VCGRCE021 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Translating

• VCHHC067

  Identify the origin and content features of primary sources when describing the significance of people, places and events

  Elaborations

  • using historical terms such as immigration, exploration, development, settlement and naming days of commemoration and emblems when speaking, writing, and illustrating
  • using and understanding the meaning of acronyms, for example, NAIDOC and ANZAC
  • identifying sources to investigate change in the community in the past, such as photographs, maps, and the remains of buildings
  • analysing a range of sources to locate information about the people, places and events in their community’s present and past, for example photographs, maps and oral histories,
  • using information technologies to organise information and make connections, for example, creating tables in word processing software and concept mapping
  • identifying sources to investigate the story of the First Fleet and its arrival, such as paintings, maps, written records/accounts

  VCHHC067 | The Humanities | History | Levels 3 and 4 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCHIC004

  Locate specific phrases and points of information in simple texts such as charts, lists, stories and songs, and use the information to complete guided oral and written tasks

  Elaborations

  • listening for specific information in stories, rhymes or songs, such as लाला जी ने केला खाया; एक कौआ प्यासा था; चूहा और शेर, using intonation, gestures and facial expressions to help understanding
  • recognising simple written words in familiar contexts, such as labels, captions and story titles
  • participating in shared readings of Big Book stories about familiar events or contexts, for example, पंचतन्त्र की कहानियाँ, using pictures, punctuation, intonation and contextual clues to predict meaning, and recording words associated with main characters and events
  • identifying key points in simple spoken, written or digital texts by miming, drawing, onscreen pointing, clicking or dragging

  VCHIC004 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCHIC047

  Compare their experiences of moving between Hindi and English, considering advantages and challenges involved in using more than one language

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of being bilingual or multilingual, identifying ways in which they draw upon different language and cultural resources to make meaning
  • identifying benefits of knowing more than one language and considering whether moving between languages affects their sense of identity or ‘belonging’
  • comparing their family cultures, considering how their family and community life shape their sense of identity and how culture is reflected in their daily activities and interests
  • evaluating their ability to communicate across and through different languages and to use their language and cultural skills in Hindi and English to best effect
  • comparing observations about how interacting in Hindi feels different to interacting in English, identifying ways of socialising or communicating that they see to be culture-specific

  VCHIC047 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCHIU050

  Understand how different text forms, such as prose and verse, create effects to suit different audiences

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with language appropriate to particular types of texts, such as descriptive language in recounts or narratives, persuasive language in advertisements and humorous language in comic verse
  • comparing the use of imagery or satire in a range of imaginative texts, discussing how these features are used to convey meaning and engage/entertain the audience
  • understanding the significance and cultural importance of features of different types of texts, such as language associated with rituals or celebrations, such as आदरणीय, पूज्य, मान्यवर, महोदय (formal), प्रिय मित्र (informal)
  • considering how the choice of language features and text organisation reflect the purpose and audience of different types of text, for example, the use of suspense and vocal effects in children’s stories or the use of instructions and lists of ingredients in cooking recipes

  VCHIU050 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language