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• VCTRU118

  Investigate changes to Turkish over time and across contexts, reflecting on changes in their personal use of the language

  Elaborations

  • identifying changes in their ways of communicating in Turkish due to the influence of factors such as technology, social media, peer influence and intercultural experience, for example, the use of acronyms, emoticons, ‘selfies’ and abbreviations in text messaging such as nbr (ne haber), tmm (tamam), slm (selam), kib (kendine iyi bak), bye (güle güle) and aeo (allaha emanet ol)
  • finding evidence of cross-cultural influences in Turkish and Australian English, for example, the use of words such as Anzaklar, bumerang, bay bay and Aborijini in Turkish and ‘Gallipoli’, ‘young Turks’, ‘doner’, ‘coffee’, ‘kebab’ and ‘kiosk’ in Australian English
  • analysing texts such as the Turkish national anthem, istiklal marşı, investigating the origins of loan words such as şafak, istiklal, çehre
  • investigating changes in communication styles due to influences from other languages and cultures in contemporary forms of Turkish expression, for example, the use of words such as, enteresan, genetik, avantaj, çare, and otoban, identifying existing equivalent terms such as ilginç, kalıtımsal, fayda/üstünlük, çözüm and otoyol
  • collecting examples of words, expressions or gestures used by their grandparents or parents but less frequently used among people in their age group, for example, nâfile, derya, zat-ı ali, sultanım, hazretleri, cihanda sulh, reflecting on reasons for such changes
  • investigating how Turkish uses word derivation tools to create new words that reflect social or cultural change or innovation, for example, the use of gün- in günce, the use of yaz- to create yazgı, yazılım, yazıcı, yazışma and yazdırım
  • comparing variations in language forms and modes of expression in different Turkish-speaking regions and countries, such as Azerbaijan or Cyprus
  • identifying how language change reflects social, political and historical influences and events, for example, the change of Turkish script firstly to Arabic during the Ottoman period under the leadership of the sultans and then to modern Turkish script under the leadership of Atatürk

  VCTRU118 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCEBB024

  Explore the nature of innovation and discuss how businesses seek to create and maintain a competitive advantage in the market, including the global market

  Elaborations

  • identifying a variety of innovations in business and discussing how this has benefited the particular business
  • exploring emerging techniques businesses can use to gain an advantage, such as blended marketing, open innovation, use of digital technologies and social media and the adoption of sustainable production practices
  • identifying the reasons businesses seek to build or create a competitive advantage, for example, to stay in business, meet the changing demands of a competitive global market, achieve efficiencies, lower costs and improve their profit margins
  • investigating the different strategies businesses use to create competitive advantage, for example, improving productivity, undertaking research and development, adopting innovative and efficient practices, advertising and marketing, offering a lower-cost product, innovative ways of managing the workforce, or by implementing efficient internal operations strategies
  • discussing whether the adoption of strategies based around corporate social responsibility can increase the competitive advantage of businesses

  VCEBB024 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | The Business Environment

• VC2M10M04

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving direct and inverse proportion and scaling of objects; formulate problems and interpret solutions in terms of the situation, including the impact of measurement errors on the accuracy of results; evaluate and modify models as necessary...

  Elaborations

  • exploring contexts where measurement errors may impact research results and how measurement data impacted by error can result in biased findings
  • using plans and elevation drawings to investigate making changes to building designs, employing appropriate scales and converting to actual measurements within the context to make decisions about changes
  • analysing and applying scale and ratios in situations such as production prototypes and 3D printing; for example, using a 3D printer to produce scaled versions of actual objects
  • estimating the scale of an object by measuring a linear dimension and using typical life-size dimensions to determine the scale factor; for example, measuring the dimensions of a toy car to determine a scale that can be used to estimate the dimensions of a life-size car
  • investigating compliance with building codes and standards in design and construction, such as for escalators in shopping centres

  VC2M10M04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10 | Measurement

• VCELC022

  Adapt and present information and ideas on a variety of topics using presentation modes selected to suit different audiences and to achieve specific purposes

  Elaborations

  • expressing opinions on an event or performance, such as a contemporary Greek film or a Karagiozi theatre performance
  • presenting information in different formats, such as captioned photographs, digital presentation or emails, on cultural events, for example, an Antipodes festival/Glendi, traditional dance performances and costumes
  • explaining a Greek custom or practice to an Australian audience, for example, Απόκριες, using simple language and supporting graphics, materials and gestures
  • creating persuasive texts, such as brochures or video clips, for example, to encourage people from the wider community to attend a cultural event or to recycle waste containers and materials
  • conveying information in texts, such as brochures, notices, cartoons, video clips, to introduce and explain aspects of Greek art, history and culture and their influence, for example, the Hippocratic Oath, the snakes and staff symbol relating to medicine, and structures such as the Shrine of Remembrance

  VCELC022 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCFRU088

  Explore changes to both French and Australian English, and identify reasons for these changes, such as technology, popular culture and intercultural exchange

  Elaborations

  • exploring the concept of the ‘ecology’ of French and of other languages, including English; that is, the interaction of language with constantly changing environments, referencing influences on contemporary French language use such as globalisation and technology
  • identifying elements of language use in the Australian community that reflect the linguistic and cultural diversity of the population, (for example, intercultural exchange and experience), and words and expressions borrowed/used across contexts and activities such as sports, martial arts, dance, cooking, fashion
  • considering the development of le franglais in communities of French speakers (for example, la pharmacie du corner, faire du shopping), and developing awareness of some aspects of current debates and discussions around its use

  VCFRU088 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITU074

  Recognise the impact of media and technology on the way Italian is changing as a language of local and international communication

  Elaborations

  • discussing global and cultural influences on the Italian language and noticing when and how hybrid forms are used, for example, use of numbers, mathematical symbols, single letters and acronyms to replace words in SMS messaging, such as TVTB (ti voglio tanto bene), 6 (sei), x (per)
  • investigating the impact of the media on the Italian language by analysing headlines, advertisements and news reports, and comparing these with texts in English (for example, comparisons of vocabulary or syntax) noticing how English is modifying Italian in particular spheres, for example, language used in the entertainment industry, in movies and television series; and language used to express contemporary concepts (match, hardware, fast food, acquagym, relax, weekend, budget, fiction)

  VCITU074 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU216

  Understand that Auslan and Deaf culture are interrelated, that they shape and are shaped by each other and that their relationship changes over time and across contexts

  Elaborations

  • analysing language used in pathological and sociocultural models of deafness, and the impact that each model, the philosophy that frames it and the language used to express it may have in regard to services for deaf people
  • appreciating the complexity of the relationship between language and culture, for example by discussing distinctions between Deaf cultures and other cultural minorities, such as the fact that most deaf people are born to hearing parents and typically access and experience Deaf culture through communicating with peers and other Auslan users in and out of school, in addition to their cultural experience in their families of origin
  • recognising the cultural significance of symbols and language features used in Auslan, for example the use of light and darkness in stories, poetry and performance, as in stories featuring gaslight
  • considering cultural explanations for conversational strategies used by Auslan signers to avoid conflict and to maintain privacy, such as changing signing space and style, using indirect language such as signing lower or under the table, or fingerspelling instead of signing overtly
  • understanding that Auslan plays an important role in the expression and maintenance of Deaf culture, that each deaf person has the right to learn and use Auslan as part of their birthright, along with their membership of the Deaf community, and that they become custodians and owners of the language
  • appreciating the cultural value and importance of festivals and events in the Deaf community, such as NWDP, as celebrations of language, history, culture and identity
  • understanding that sign language literatures recount significant journeys and events associated with the beginnings of Deaf education and the development of Deaf communities, and that they embody history and values of Deaf culture, for example, the Gallaudet and Clerc meeting or US Civil War stories that validate and reference shared Deaf identity, culture, language and experience
  • recognising that Auslan signs change over time due to shifting cultural values and experiences, for example, the modification of the sign for APPRENTICE to refer to TAFE, and shifting values around the sign DEAF^DEAF as the sign for DEAF (culturally Deaf reference for deaf-mute) and unsuccessful attempts to reframe this with an audiological focus

  VCASFU216 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU034

  Explain how meanings may vary according to cultural assumptions and perspectives that people bring to interactions and experiences, recognising that such variations impact on intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • examining existing generalisations relating to different cultures, such as in the classroom or local community, and discussing the variability of reality
  • reflecting on the impact of own values and cultural practices on intercultural experiences, and understanding the importance of mutual and self-respect, for example, understanding concepts such as το φιλότιμο, η τιμή
  • considering how the experience of learning a new language has impacted on awareness of own communicative behaviours and how these may be interpreted by others
  • appreciating that language use can reflect and express cultural identity, that many languages exist in Greece, Cyprus and Australia and that many people are multilingual and value this as part of their identity

  VCELU034 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCASFU088

  Investigate and analyse the nature of and community attitudes to variation in the use of Auslan

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there is a greater degree of flexibility and variability in ‘oral’, face-to-face languages such as Auslan compared to spoken/written languages passed on from parents to children, for example, less standardisation and minimal ‘frozen texts’, and considering reasons for such differences
  • researching different aspects of variation in the use of Auslan, considering influences such as geographical location, social groupings, history, educational experience, age of learning, family background and contact with Signed English or other languages
  • debating the merits and disadvantages of creating a standard form of Auslan, for example the benefits of mutual comprehensibility versus the practical problems involved in who decides on the standard and how to get signers to comply
  • considering the effect that expanding sign language interpreter services might have on standardising Auslan, especially in the areas of education and medicine
  • noticing ways people might adapt language according to situation of use, such as when signing to a large audience, the use of one hand or two, clarity of sign production, size of signing space, pace, NMFs, pauses and amount of fingerspelling
  • considering how Auslan has been influenced by the use of Signed English in education settings (especially from the 1970s to the 1990s) and cultural attitudes towards Signed English

  VCASFU088 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU214

  Investigate and analyse the nature of and community attitudes to variation in the use of Auslan

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there is a greater degree of flexibility and variability in ‘oral’, face-to-face languages such as Auslan compared to spoken/written languages passed on from parents to children, for example, less standardisation and minimal ‘frozen texts’, and considering reasons for such differences
  • researching different aspects of variation in the use of Auslan, considering influences such as geographical location, social groupings, history, educational experience, age of learning, family background and contact with Signed English or other languages
  • debating the merits and disadvantages of creating a standard form of Auslan, for example the benefits of mutual comprehensibility versus the practical problems involved in who decides on the standard and how to get signers to comply
  • considering the effect that expanding sign language interpreter services might have on standardising Auslan, especially in the areas of education and medicine.
  • noticing ways people might adapt language according to situation of use, such as when signing to a large audience, the use of one hand or two, clarity of sign production, size of signing space, pace, NMFs, pauses and amount of fingerspelling
  • considering how Auslan has been influenced by the use of Signed English in education settings (especially from the 1970s to 1990s) and cultural attitudes towards Signed English

  VCASFU214 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCEALL791

  Use relative clauses and adjectival expressions for descriptive purposes

  Elaborations

  • writing relative clauses to add description, for example ‘The group, which consisted of four men and four women …’
  • writing complex adjectival phrases to describe concrete and abstract nouns in sentences, for example ‘The most reliable and efficient product on the market …’, ‘The convincing scientific evidence supporting this theory …’

  VCEALL791 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL793

  Use an expanded vocabulary appropriate for the curriculum area

  Elaborations

  • incorporating sophisticated vocabulary appropriate for the curriculum area, such as subject-specific terms, antonyms, synonyms, abstract nouns
  • distinguishing between different meanings for words in different contexts, for example ‘psychological complex’, ‘complex issue’, ‘complex sentence’ and ‘residential complex’ convincing scientific evidence supporting this theory …’

  VCEALL793 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCSSU091

  There are differences within and between groups of organisms; classification helps organise this diversity

  Elaborations

  • grouping a variety of organisms on the basis of similarities and differences in particular features
  • classifying using hierarchical systems, for example, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
  • using scientific conventions for naming species
  • using provided keys to identify organisms surveyed in a local habitat

  VCSSU091 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCMMG098

  Recognise and classify familiar two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects using obvious features

  Elaborations

  • focusing on geometric features and describing shapes and objects using everyday words such as 'corners', 'edges' and 'faces'

  VCMMG098 | Mathematics | Level 1 | Measurement and Geometry | Shape

• VCPSCSE053

  Identify significant objects and people and make a choice between alternatives to show what they like

  Elaborations

  • reacting to the sound of their name
  • accepting and rejecting objects or activities by an emotional response
  • focusing on familiar people and objects

  VCPSCSE053 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Level A | Self-Awareness and Management | Development of resilience

• VCPSCSO055

  Identify significant people by gesturing, vocalising or orienting towards them

  Elaborations

  • focusing on familiar people
  • accepting assistance from a familiar person
  • beginning to attend to and respond to people

  VCPSCSO055 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Level A | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCHPEM155

  Design, implement and evaluate personalised plans for improving or maintaining their own and others’ physical activity and fitness levels

  Elaborations

  • using ICT to design, implement and monitor a personal fitness plan which includes a timeframe, goals and a variety of specific activities that meet the needs of different people
  • investigating target training heart-rate zones for a range of different people and how these zones relate to health, wellbeing and fitness
  • justifying the selection of physical activities included in a personalised plan linked to the components of health- and skill-related fitness they wish to improve or maintain
  • using non-specialised equipment to develop health- or skill-related fitness circuits that can be used by family or community members

  VCHPEM155 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 9 and 10 | Movement and Physical Activity | Understanding movement

• VCHPEP017

  Identify significant people and communicate when they feel safe/unsafe

  Elaborations

  • learning to adhere to single-word safety instructions from a familiar adult, including ‘stop’, ‘wait’, ‘come’, and ‘start’
  • learning to follow class rules and routines, participate in group activities, greet others, use property and play fairly with peers with teacher support
  • identifying significant people and identifying different people that make them feel loved, safe and supported
  • experiencing protective behaviours that can help keep them safe, including public and private activities
  • exploring, practising and refining ways of communicating a need for ‘help’ in a range of different everyday situations and scenarios

  VCHPEP017 | Health and Physical Education | Level B | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VC2M9M01

  solve problems involving the volume and surface area of right prisms, cylinders and composite objects using appropriate units

  Elaborations

  • analysing nets of objects to generate short cuts and establish formulas for surface area 
  • determining the amount of material needed to make can-coolers for a class fundraising project and working out the most cost-efficient way to cut out the pieces
  • finding different prisms that have the same volume but different surface areas, making conjectures as to what type of prism would have the smallest or largest surface area
  • investigating objects and technologies of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, analysing and connecting surface area and volume, and exploring their relationship to their capacity

  VC2M9M01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Measurement

• VCZHU208

  Discuss ways in which language choices indicate aspects of social position (such as class, gender and ethnicity) and inhibit or encourage others’ involvement or sense of belonging

  Elaborations

  • exploring how known languages influence their communicative preferences, such as how the values of one culture may be reflected when communicating in another, for example, differences in the use and frequency of ‘thank you’ and 谢谢 which is simply a sign of gratitude in English, whereas in Chinese overuse of this indicates distance between participants in interactions
  • exploring how cultural concepts of family and the importance of one’s sense of connection to others influence use of Chinese
  • exploring the origins of 成语 and 歇后语 encountered in texts such as 朝三暮四，姜太公钓鱼, and using set phrases to share or convey a cultural idea in own writing, for example, 塞翁失马，笨鸟先飞

  VCZHU208 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture