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• VCJAU139

  Recognise the systematic order within the hiragana character set; commence hiragana script writing and recognise and write frequently used kanji

  Elaborations

  • learning how to use the character chart as a systematic framework for reading and writing
  • understanding that there is a stroke order for both kana and kanji
  • recognising that Japanese has various printed fonts and that handwritten forms of several characters differ from the printed versions in most fonts, for example, き、さ、ふ、ら、り
  • learning to read and write words using kana

  VCJAU139 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOC122

  Translate familiar words and phrases, using visual cues and word lists, explaining the meaning of particular words, gestures and expressions

  Elaborations

  • noticing words in Korean and English that have the same meaning, such as 테니스,컴퓨터, 코알라 and considering why
  • recognising that every language has its own words, sounds and gestures to make meaning
  • using Korean and/or English to name familiar objects and conduct simple conversations, translating when necessary to help others understand
  • sharing and interpreting simple expressions and songs with friends and family, for example, showing them how to sing학교 종, 생일 노래

  VCKOC122 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCKOU132

  Recognise that Korean is one of many languages spoken in multicultural Australia and in the world

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the world contains many different languages spoken by many different communities of speakers and that most people in the world speak more than one language
  • naming languages they have encountered in their everyday life, such as the languages of their neighbours or classmates
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, Asian languages and world languages

  VCKOU132 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLAU014

  Reflect on own and others’ reactions to and assumptions about the language and culture of Roman society, considering similarities and differences to own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • considering own and others’ cultural assumptions about home and leisure and how these were different or similar in the Roman context
  • reviewing and responding to aspects of cultural practices in Latin texts and Roman artefacts, and discussing the reactions of peers to these
  • describing own life at home and school and making comparisons with that of young people in the Roman world
  • developing an understanding of life in multicultural Rome, and reflecting on similarities and differences to own lifestyle in multicultural Australia
  • discussing how young people in ancient Rome may have viewed the lives of young people in the modern world

  VCLAU014 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Reflecting

• VCLAU025

  Analyse the structure and features of different text types in Latin, exploring how they relate to context, purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • examining textual features used to influence an audience, such as the contrast of short and periodic sentences to persuade, or the use of repetition and humour to entertain
  • making connections and comparisons between a new text and familiar texts of the same type
  • analysing different texts, such as a story, historical account or speech, to understand how a version of an event can be expressed in different ways
  • recognising different ways of presenting the same story, for example, from the viewpoint of different characters or in the form of a flashback
  • analysing language features used to influence the intended audience, such as imagery or rhetorical devices

  VCLAU025 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU189

  Discuss variations in language use that reflect different social and cultural contexts, purposes and relationships

  Elaborations

  • understanding how elements of communication in Aboriginal languages languages, such as gestures, facial expressions, choice of language and use of silence, vary according to context, situation and kin relationships, for example, eye contact, pointing with lips
  • analysing and discussing intergenerational differences in language use, for example, young people’s language compared to the language of older generations
  • explaining variations in language use that reflect different levels of formality, authority and status, for example, expressions used with respected kin, ways of asking questions of different people

  VCLVU189 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU166

  Recognise how kin relationships link people, Place and story

  Elaborations

  • interpreting kinship charts to identify kin terms for wider family groupings, and comparing these with terminology used in other languages and cultures, for example, for maternal versus paternal grandparents, the presence or absence of birth order names
  • discussing links between people, stories and Country/Place and the social importance of connections to history
  • recognising that certain places have historical and contemporary significance to the community, representing special bonds between people, Place and story
  • understanding that songs, stories and other forms of artistic expression can be recreated/traced and contextualised in contemporary circumstances

  VCLVU166 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCMMG062

  Identify and sequence regular events that occur during the school day and comment on their duration (short/long)

  Elaborations

  • creating and following a visual schedule based on the school day’s events
  • ordering events based on duration, for example, ‘I can do more at lunch time than recess’
  • comparing and labelling events as long, short, quick
  • understanding the purpose of a clock and some of its features
  • using timers and a clock to explore and compare time and duration of events

  VCMMG062 | Mathematics | Level D | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VCMNA052

  Use number names in sequence to count in everyday situations, initially from one to ten

  Elaborations

  • developing fluency with forward counting by communicating number names while counting, initially to 10 and in meaningful contexts such as cooking, collecting equipment, stories and games
  • understanding one-to-one correspondence by knowing that each object is counted only once, by tracking an object while counting in shared and structured counting experiences, for example moving objects once counted, counting objects left to right

  VCMNA052 | Mathematics | Level D | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA070

  Connect number names, numerals and quantities, including zero, initially up to 10 and then beyond

  Elaborations

  • understanding that each object must be counted only once, that the arrangement of objects does not affect how many there are, and that the last number counted answers the ‘how many’ question
  • using scenarios to help students recognise that other cultures count in a variety of ways, such as by placing one pebble in a bag to represent one object. For example to count the number of cattle

  VCMNA070 | Mathematics | Foundation Level | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA247

  Connect fractions, decimals and percentages and carry out simple conversions

  Elaborations

  • justifying choices of written, mental or calculator strategies for solving specific problems including those involving large numbers
  • understanding that quantities can be represented by different number types and calculated using various operations, and that choices need to be made about each
  • calculating the percentage of the total local municipal area set aside for parkland, manufacturing, retail and residential dwellings to compare land use

  VCMNA247 | Mathematics | Level 7 | Number and Algebra | Real numbers

• VCMNA020

  Explore the concept of ‘none’, ‘one’ and ‘more’

  Elaborations

  • recognising a change in a collection’s size within the context of familiar, everyday objects, for example a group of cars, toys, lollies, fruit, vegetables, coins, books, materials or tools
  • demonstrating an understanding of one by selecting, giving or taking one object
  • responding to questions about group composition (for example ‘Which group has more?’ ‘Which group has none?’) verbally or by indicating through augmentative and alternative communication, actions or eye gaze

  VCMNA020 | Mathematics | Level B | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMSP269

  Construct and compare a range of data displays including stem-and-leaf plots and dot plots

  Elaborations

  • understanding that some data representations are more appropriate than others for particular data sets, and answering questions about those data sets
  • using ordered stem-and-leaf plots to record and display numerical data collected in a class investigation, such as constructing a class plot of height in centimetres on a shared stem-and-leaf plot for which the stems 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 have been produced

  VCMSP269 | Mathematics | Level 7 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCMSP296

  Represent events in two-way tables and Venn diagrams and solve related problems

  Elaborations

  • using Venn diagrams and two-way tables to calculate probabilities for events, satisfying 'and', 'or' and 'not' conditions
  • understanding that representing data in Venn diagrams or two-way tables facilitates the calculation of probabilities
  • collecting data to answer the questions using Venn diagrams or two-way tables

  VCMSP296 | Mathematics | Level 8 | Statistics and Probability | Chance

• VCNRC025

  Translate and interpret words, phrases and sentences used in familiar environments such as school and home, recognising how they may have similar or different meanings to words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • playing matching games with word cards, for example, days of the week, months, seasons or vocabulary associated with weather
  • translating simple sentences, such as requests in the classroom, to understand the gist, noticing how meaning changes when translating into English
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts into English, for example, street signs, addresses, food labels, noting that some signs and symbols are universal, for example, the ‘stop’ sign

  VCNRC025 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU017

  Recognise that the languages people use reflect their culture, such as who they are, where and how they live, and find examples of similarities and differences between the language being studied and their own ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, considering different lifestyles and symbols such as flags, including the Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag
  • exploring the significance of different cultural practices, activities and games
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of the culture of the language
  • understanding that particular Australian English terms and expressions have no equivalent in the language, for example, billabong, corroboree, the bush
  • recognising features of the target language interactions which may be similar or different to own ways of communicating

  VCNRU017 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU014

  Recognise features of familiar spoken, written and visual texts

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading and viewing different simple texts in the language, understanding that texts can be short or long, spoken, written, digital, visual or multimodal, for example songs, chants, labels, captions, stories and dialogues
  • identifying the language being studied from a selection of spoken or written texts from other languages represented in the classroom or in the school
  • comparing similar texts in the language with English and noticing how they are the same or different, for example, a counting song, street signs or labels at a market

  VCNRU014 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU046

  Identify and reproduce, orally and in writing, key features of intonation and pronunciation, experiment with the spelling of common words and apply basic punctuation rules

  Elaborations

  • applying, if applicable, different intonation for statements, questions, exclamations and commands
  • reading simple texts
  • applying and using, if applicable, accent marks
  • experimenting with spelling simple words
  • applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to spell and write unfamiliar words
  • understanding and applying punctuation marks in writing, for example, full stop, comma, exclamation mark, apostrophe, speech marks and question mark

  VCNRU046 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU102

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with the target language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication
  • examining culturally specific terms developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCNRU102 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU119

  Explain how meanings may vary according to cultural assumptions and perspectives that people bring to interactions and experiences, recognising that such variations impact on intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • examining existing generalisations relating to different cultures, such as in the classroom or local community, and discussing the variability of reality
  • reflecting on the impact of own values and cultural practices on intercultural experiences, and understanding the importance of mutual and self-respect
  • considering how the experience of learning a new language has impacted on awareness of own communicative behaviours and how these may be interpreted by others
  • appreciating that language use can reflect and express cultural identity, that many languages exist in Australia and in countries where the language is spoken and that many people are bilingual or multilingual and value this as part of their identity

  VCNRU119 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture