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• VC2M9SP03

  design, test and refine algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions based on geometric constructions and theorems; discuss and evaluate refinements 

  Elaborations

  • creating an algorithm using pseudocode or flow charts to apply the triangle inequality, or an algorithm to generate Pythagorean triples
  • creating and testing algorithms designed to construct or bisect angles, using pseudocode or flow charts
  • developing an algorithm for an animation of a geometric construction, or a visual proof, evaluating the algorithm using test cases

  VC2M9SP03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Space

• VC2M7SP04

  design algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions that will sort and classify sets of shapes according to their attributes, and describe how the algorithms work

  Elaborations

  • creating a classification scheme for triangles based on sides and angles, using a flow chart that uses sequences and decisions
  • creating a flow chart or hierarchy for quadrilaterals that shows the relationships between trapeziums, parallelograms, rhombuses, rectangles, squares and kites
  • creating a classification scheme for regular, irregular, concave or convex polygons that are sorted according to the number of sides

  VC2M7SP04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Space

• VC2M8SP04

  design and test algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions that identify congruency or similarity of shapes, and describe how the algorithm works

  Elaborations

  • listing the properties or criteria necessary to determine if shapes are similar or congruent
  • using the conditions for congruence of triangles and similarity of triangles to develop a sorting algorithm; for example, creating a flow chart
  • evaluating algorithms for accuracy in classifying and distinguishing between similar and congruent triangles

  VC2M8SP04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Space

• VCZHC035

  Obtain and process specific information from multiple spoken sources, selecting and sequencing appropriate content for specific audiences

  Elaborations

  • identifying specific information related to places, for example, listening to a weather forecast, recognising the names of familiar cities (such as 北京，上海), and recording the weather conditions and the temperature
  • using textual clues such as 听一听小明的一天 to predict possible content when listening to spoken texts, and preparing to hear key information such as time and activities
  • listening to and viewing a range of informative texts to identify key points, for example, answering questions from classmates about the procedure and main ingredients for cooking a Chinese dish from a cooking show
  • presenting a short talk using information gathered from multiple sources, for example, investigating 南京的天气 by interviewing the teacher and listening to a podcast of a weather forecast
  • supporting presentations with pictures, charts or graphs as appropriate, for example, using bar charts to show data on 澳大利亚的语言

  VCZHC035 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHU060

  Identify and apply features of Chinese grammar and sentence structure to organise and sequence ideas in oral and written texts

  Elaborations

  • comparing ways in which tense is expressed in Chinese, for example, 了 to indicate completion; 完 to indicate the achievement of a desired result; 想 to indicate intention; verb negation (没有) to indicate incomplete past; and 正在 to indicate action in progress
  • exploring the use of diverse time expressions and ways to sequence events in time, for example, 先…然后; 一…就…; …了，就…;才; 第一；然后
  • comparing the functions of prepositions, and discussing the importance of context when determining their meaning in texts, for example, 跟；对；给
  • exploring and applying the use of conjunctions to sequence and connect ideas when constructing texts, for example, 不但…而且…；虽然…但是…
  • using different ways to negate ideas depending on degree of formality or emphasis, for example, 我不是…；我哪儿有…？；我没有办法…；我不能…；不行; 别 ; 不准

  VCZHU060 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU091

  Identify how character structure, position and component sequences relate the form of a character to its particular sound and meaning

  Elaborations

  • learning the number, nature and sequence of strokes; exploring the range of stroke types used in characters; learning to write with a focus on stroke direction and order, and on balance and proportion within the square
  • comparing writing across languages, recognising differences in stroke sequences and word formation (letter strings versus character squares), word spacing, punctuation and text direction
  • learning the origins and features of components encountered in characters, and analysing the formation of characters, including recognising the frequency and positioning of common components (for example, 人、女、日、月) and their function or relationship to a compound character, for example, 人 in 他、认、从
  • decoding characters by analysing their structure and the number of components, and recognising familiar components
  • applying their knowledge of characters to learn to read and write new characters, and developing strategies for learning, for example, making connections between characters with a common component (你、他、们)
  • identifying contextual meanings of key morphemes in diverse contexts, for example, 天，日，二/两，你好 versus 好玩
  • identifying the relationships between the meaning of individual morphemes in words and exploring how these morphemes apply in a wider range of word contexts
  • explaining the use of common suffixes (子、里、面) and key morphemes (电、家、物、机)
  • understanding how new concepts are interpreted in Chinese by analysing the nature of technology-related terms expressed in Chinese, for example, 电脑、短信、博客

  VCZHU091 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU027

  Reproduce key Chinese characters from familiar contexts using stroke types and sequences, and component forms and their arrangement

  Elaborations

  • engaging with a range of basic characters and components and exploring their individual meanings, for example, 大 , 小，足，手
  • exploring the process of character construction, including counting the number of strokes, describing the shape of strokes, differentiating between similar strokes, and following general rules of stroke order
  • making connections between basic characters and related component forms (for example, radicals like 手 and 扌;人 and 亻), and recognising the number and arrangement of components in a compound character, for example, that 众 has three components and 打 has two components, that 亻(standing person) is on the left-hand side
  • exploring the concept of ‘word’ in Chinese and knowing that each character is a meaningful unit (morpheme) that is used to make up ‘words’ such as 白菜 (white + vegetable), 好朋友 (good + friend + friend), 男生 (male + student)
  • making connections between key morphemes in familiar words, for example, fruit group 水果、苹果 、果汁; vehicle group 汽车、火车、车子

  VCZHU027 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU043

  Identify how character structure, position, and component sequences relate the form of a character to its particular sound and meaning

  Elaborations

  • decoding characters by analysing their structure and the number of components, and recognising familiar components
  • applying their knowledge of characters to learn to read and write new characters, and developing strategies for learning, for example, making connections between characters with a common component (你、他、们)
  • identifying different meanings of key morphemes used in different contexts, for example, 天，日，二/两，你好 versus 好玩

  VCZHU043 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC107

  Share information obtained from different sources, including online and digital sources, by listing, tabulating or sequencing information and using illustrations and gestures to support meaning

  Elaborations

  • creating short texts to label and describe personal possessions and objects in the classroom using simple sentences, for example,

    حقيبتي كبيرة وثقيلة؛ صفي صغير وجميل؛ طاولة المعلمة غير مرتبة؛ النافذة في الصف مكسورة؛ عندنا لوح ذكي جديد في الصف؛ صديقي وليد يجلس معي

  • reporting information gathered from peers about their families, using modelled language such as

    وليد لا يحب الحساب ولا القراءة؛ فادية عندها أخ صغير في المدرسة؛ فاطمة تسكن في شقة؛ مازن يحب الديناصورات

  • contributing aspects of personal information to a class digital photo story, for example, writing or reading aloud captions to own photos

    هذه أنا عندما كان عمري أربع سنوات؛ كان شعري طويلاً؛ هذا مازن؛ كان يبكي في الصباح؛ صورة أميرة كانت على حقيبتي؛ هاني يحب الكرة؛ هذه أنا أكتب الحروف؛ هذا شادي يلون صورة؛ هذه عبير ترسم شجرة

  • sharing information about self, home, family and favourite possessions, using simple sentence structures, familiar vocabulary, appropriate gestures and concrete materials such as toys, for example,

    هذه لعبتي؛ اشترت أمي لي هذه اللعبة في عيد ميلادي؛ أسمها "ميلاني"؛ أحب ميلاني كثيراً؛ تنام ميلاني معي في سريري

    هذا الديناصور أسمه "ريكس"؛ أبي اشتراه لي في العطلة؛ ريكس صديقي؛ ألعب معه في البيت

  VCARC107 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• VCHHC082

  Sequence significant events and lifetimes of people in chronological order to create a narrative to explain the developments in Australia’s colonial past and the causes and effects of Federation on its people

  Elaborations

  • compiling an annotated timeline showing key stages in the development of colonial Australia including the date of European settlement in each state, the date the colony was established, the date of self-government
  • identifying and developing a timeline of world unrest that contributed to migration in the 1900s, for example, the World Wars, the Vietnam War, the war in the former Yugoslavia, the Tiananmen Square massacre, the war in Sudan
  • placing key events, ideas, movements and people of the twentieth century in chronological sequence

  VCHHC082 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCITC100

  Identify factual information from a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts, and process and represent meaning through, for example, classifying, sequencing and summarising

  Elaborations

  • identifying context, purpose and audience of modified authentic texts such as conversations, advertisements, weather reports, instructions, timetables, recipes and signs
  • listening/reading for key ideas across a range of familiar subject matter presented in different formats, for example, geography (Italy’s place in Europe), home, travel, leisure and sport
  • sequencing instructions or actions by using temporal markers such as Prima … poi … dopo … alla fine
  • sharing interpretations of a range of texts, considering their understanding of Italian cultural dimensions in texts, and comparing own interpretations with those of others

  VCITC100 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VC2M1A01

  recognise, continue and create pattern sequences, with numbers, symbols, shapes and objects including Australian coins, formed by skip counting, initially by twos, fives and tens

  Elaborations

  • using number charts, songs, rhymes and stories to establish skip counting sequences of twos, fives and tens
  • using shapes and objects to represent a growing pattern formed by skip counting; for example, using blocks or beads to represent the growing patterns 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 … and 5, 10, 15, 20 …
  • recognising the patterns in sequences formed by skip counting; for example, recognising that skip counting in fives starting from zero always results in either a 5 or zero as the final digit
  • counting by twos, fives or tens to determine how much money is in a collection of coins or notes of the same denomination, for example, 5-cent, 10-cent and $2 coins or $5 and $10 notes
  • using different variations of the popular Korean counting game Sam-yuk-gu for generating skip counting pattern sequences

  VC2M1A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 1 | Algebra

• VC2M6A03

  design and use algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions that use rules to generate sets of numbers; identify, interpret and explain emerging patterns

  Elaborations

  • using an algorithm to create extended number sequences involving rational numbers, using a rule and digital tools, and explaining any emerging patterns
  • designing an algorithm to model operations, using the concept of input and output, describing and explaining relationships and any emerging patterns; for example, using function machines to model operations and recognising and comparing additive and multiplicative relationships
  • designing an algorithm or writing a simple program to generate a sequence of numbers based on the user’s input and a chosen operation, discussing any emerging patterns; for example, generating a sequence of numbers and comparing how quickly the sequences are growing in comparison to each other using the rule ‘add 2 to the input number’ compared to multiplying the input number by 2

  VC2M6A03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Algebra

• VC2M4N10

  follow and create algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions that use addition or multiplication to generate sets of numbers; identify and describe any emerging patterns

  Elaborations

  • creating an algorithm that will generate number sequences involving multiples of one to 10 using digital tools to assist, identifying and explaining emerging patterns, and recognising that number sequences can be extended indefinitely
  • creating a basic flow chart that represents an algorithm that will generate a sequence of numbers using multiplication by a constant term; using a calculator to model and follow the algorithm, and recording the sequence of numbers generated; and checking results and describing any emerging patterns
  • using a multiplication formula in a spreadsheet and the ‘fill down’ function to generate a sequence of numbers (for example, entering the number ‘1’ in the cell A1, using ‘fill down’ to cell A100, entering the formula ‘=A1*4’ in the cell B1 and using the ‘fill down’ function to generate a sequence of 100 numbers) and describing emerging patterns
  • creating an algorithm that will generate number sequences involving multiples of one to 10, using digital tools to assist, identifying and explaining emerging patterns, and recognising that number sequences can be extended indefinitely

  VC2M4N10 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Number

• VCMNA086

  Develop confidence with number sequences to and from 100 by ones from any starting point. Skip count by twos, fives and tens starting from zero

  Elaborations

  • using the popular Korean counting game sam-yuk-gu for skip counting
  • developing fluency with forwards and backwards counting in meaningful contexts such as circle games

  VCMNA086 | Mathematics | Level 1 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCZHC038

  Create written imaginative texts, describing characters and sequencing events, using scaffolded models of texts, learnt characters or word lists for support

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with storytelling techniques by following provided models of narrative texts, for example rewriting 她有七色花，红色，蓝色，白色… and replacing 花 with 气球 and writing 她有七色气球，红色，蓝色，白色
  • using digital media to create an imaginative story to share with peers and Chinese-speaking contacts, using both language and images to achieve particular effects, for example, using 重复（很大很大的球; 走啊走啊走啊)
  • plotting a storyline, considering: Who is the main character? How can I make this character interesting to readers? How can I sequence my story to grab the reader’s attention?
  • collaborating to create alternative endings to well-known stories using learnt sequences and word lists for support

  VCZHC038 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCARC004

  Listen to, read and view a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts; identify, sequence and classify key points of information such as details about people and events; and use the information in new ways

  Elaborations

  • listening to and viewing texts such as stories, songs, notices or video clips and identifying key points of information, using intonation and visual cues such as gestures and facial expressions to assist understanding
  • identifying letters, words and phrases in written Arabic, for example, titles, labels and captions
  • participating in shared reading of print and digital texts such as short stories or other texts relating to familiar events and contexts, using pictures, intonation and contextual cues to predict meaning and identify key information
  • locating and sequencing information used to describe people and events, for example,

    البنت تدرس؛ الولد يساعد أمه؛ الأب ينظف الحديقة؛ في الصباح أمي تحضر الفطور؛ في المساء أبي ينظف السيارة

  • responding to questions that elicit details such as colour, quantity and place about participants and objects, for example,

    ما لون الفستان ؟ لون الفستان أحمر؛ ما لون المقلمة؟ لون المقلمة أحمر

    كم عدد الأقلام؟ كم كتابا يوجد هنا؟ يوجد أربعة كتب

    أين تعمل أمك؟ تعمل أمي في المستشفى؛ يدرس أخي في المدرسة

  • classifying and categorising information gained from others, such as favourite foods and places to visit, for example,

    سالم يحب التبولة؛ عادل يحب الدجاج؛ سعاد تفضل الخضار؛ علي يحب كرة القدم؛ ماجد يفضل السباحة؛ رامي يفضل العزف على الغيتار

    تحب البنات الموسيقى بينما الأولاد يحبون الرياضة

  • listening to short spoken texts with unfamiliar language, and identifying specific details, for example, the name and number on a recorded voice message

    مرحباً

    إسمي سهام

    اود التكلم مع سامر بخصوص الإمتحان

    أرجو الإتصال بي على الرقم 0456566777

  • gathering information about other peers’ activities through conducting interviews about weekend activities and selecting specific information to use in a short report

  VCARC004 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDEU166

  Extend knowledge of elements of the German grammatical system, including prepositions, reflexive verbs, adverbial phrases and subordinating conjunctions, to specify and describe people, objects and places, sequence events and qualify opinions

  Elaborations

  • specifying a person, object or place using knowledge of the German case system (nominative, accusative and dative), and using definite and indefinite articles, kein, personal pronouns (including man), and possessive, demonstrative and interrogative adjectives such as sein, unser, dieser, jeder and welcher
  • noticing the relationship between gender, article and case and the adjectival ending when describing people, objects, places and events, for example, Mein bester Freund hat lange, schwarze Haare und trägt einen kleinen Ohrring.; Es gibt hier keinen Sportplatz.
  • selecting and using the appropriate form of ‘you’ (du, ihr, Sie) and its possessive adjective equivalents (dein, euer, Ihr) according to the audience, for example, Sind Sie Frau Wagner?; Hast du dein Geld mit?
  • selecting the correct personal pronoun for ‘it’ (er/sie/es; ihn) for objects, for example, Woher hast du den Hut? Er ist sehr schön; Ich habe ihn bei … gekauft.
  • comparing the meanings and use of the German modal verbs with their English equivalents, for example, Wir müssen eine Schuluniform tragen. Man darf hier nicht essen.
  • noticing that some verbs can be combined with a separable or inseparable prefix which alters the meaning of the base verb, for example, Er kommt um 17.15 Uhr.; Kommst du mit?; Ich bekomme manchmal Geld zum Geburtstag.
  • describing current, recurring and future actions using regular, irregular, modal, separable and inseparable verbs in the present tense, for example, Wir spielen morgen nicht mit., Er sieht viel fern. Ich muss meine Hausaufgaben machen. Nächstes Jahr bekommen wir neue Laptops.
  • describing past events and experiences in present perfect and/or simple past tense using a limited range of common verbs, for example, Ich habe meine Hausaufgaben nicht gemacht, denn ich war am Wochenende krank.
  • using reflexive verbs in present tense with their appropriate accusative reflexive pronouns to describe daily routines and express emotions and interests, for example, Ich dusche mich morgens. Interessierst du dich für Geschichte? Wir freuen uns auf die Ferien.
  • understanding and applying the ‘verb as second element’ (Wir kommen morgen or Morgen kommen wir) and ‘subject-time-object-manner-place’ (STOMP) word order rules for main clauses (Ich spiele jetzt Basketball.), and realising that German word order is flexible, allowing other elements apart from the subject to begin the sentence, for example, Langsam verstehe ich mehr Deutsch. Zu Hause ist es oft sehr laut.
  • linking and sequencing events and ideas using a range of cohesive devices, including adverbs (danach, vorher, dann, früher) and common conjunctions (als, dass, obwohl, wenn, weil), usually with the subordinate clause after the main clause
  • expressing opinions using, for example, meiner Meinung nach; Ich glaube, dass … Wir sind dagegen/dafür
  • understanding and using wozu? to clarify purpose
  • understanding and using dative and accusative prepositions with their core meanings, for example, Ich komme aus der Stadt. Der Kuchen ist für dich.
  • describing destinations using prepositions including some ‘two-way’ prepositions (Wechselpräpositionen), for example, Wir fahren nach Adelaide. Der Junge geht zum Bahnhof. Sie sind in die Stadt gefahren.
  • experimenting (using models) with different structures to make comparisons, for example, Englisch ist schwieriger als Mathe. Welches Auto ist am sichersten? Kaffee ist nicht so gesund wie Wasser
  • referring to quantities of people and things using cardinal numbers up to a billion, for example, Deutschland hat 81,9 Millionen Einwohner.
  • extending metalanguage to communicate in German and English, for example, about case, word order and verb tenses (Dativ, Wechselpräpositionen, das Imperfekt, Hilfsverben, trennbare Verben)

  VCDEU166 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELY367

  Participate in formal and informal debates and plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements for defined audiences and purposes, making appropriate choices for modality and emphasis

  Elaborations

  • using technologies to collaboratively prepare a humorous, dynamic group view on a debatable topic, such as ‘Kids should be allowed to read and view what they like,’ to be presented to teachers and parents

  VCELY367 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCELY396

  Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements to promote a point of view or enable a new way of seeing, using body language, voice qualities and other elements to add interest and meaning

  Elaborations

  • preparing a presentation combining print, visual and audio elements to explore and interpret ideas, drawing on knowledge and research about perspectives different from own

  VCELY396 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy