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• VCEALA066

  Clarify the meaning of a word in home language and ask for the word to be written so it can be copied

  Elaborations

  • talking to home language peers to explain the idea in home language and ask for a translation into English
  • asking peers or the teacher to write the word in English after hearing the translation

  VCEALA066 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA683

  Explain the home language meaning of unfamiliar English words and phrases to home language peers

  Elaborations

  • assisting home language peers through English and shared languages by explaining words and concepts
  • collaborating with home language peers to access resources such as bilingual dictionaries or online translation tools

  VCEALA683 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C3 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC429

  Discuss texts with some understanding of meaning beyond the literal level, moving towards the inferential level

  Elaborations

  • making connections between the text and own experience or other texts
  • suggesting the opinion of the author based on the ideas in the text
  • drawing a simple conclusion based on a factual text

  VCEALC429 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC763

  Understand most symbols and changes of font style and how they contribute to or change the meanings in a text

  Elaborations

  • identifying changes in font style (such as italic and bold) or symbols or icons and explaining their function
  • recognising navigational features such as menu items or links on a website

  VCEALC763 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALL584

  Use contextual cues to work out the literal meaning of unknown words in a simple text

  Elaborations

  • using information in the text, such as images or descriptions, to deduce meanings
  • using background or content knowledge to deduce meanings of words or phrases

  VCEALL584 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL649

  Use syntactic, logical and cultural cues to work out the meaning of unknown words in a text

  Elaborations

  • using other information in the text, such as syntactical patterns (for example the arrangement of words in sentences ‘The boy jumped happily’ and ‘The boy happily jumped’), consistent use of words and cultural cues to deduce meanings
  • drawing on home language knowledge of culture to deduce meanings of words or phrases

  VCEALL649 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCECU009

  Examine the contested meaning of concepts including truth and happiness and the extent to which these concepts are and should be valued

  Elaborations

  • using ethical dilemmas, as a prompt for exploring whether it is ever desirable to lie, for example, lying to protect a friend from getting into trouble, to stop someone’s feelings being hurt, or about an injury in order to get picked for a team
  • asking a range of people what their views on happiness are, how important it is and what is necessary for happiness
  • investigating whether everyone should have the right to be happy and if so, whether this is possible, using as stimulus issues of treatment of prisoners or bullies, or how much the wealthy should help the poor or the strong the weak

  VCECU009 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU004

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including fairness and harm and how they can seem to differ in different situations

  Elaborations

  • testing a proposed definition of fairness as equal treatment by considering whether an older sibling should do more at home or whether there should be special parking places
  • testing a proposed definition of harm as involving a deliberate intention that caused mental or physical suffering, by considering whether an accidental injury to someone on the playground is harmful or whether taking offence to teasing or a joke is a choice
  • exploring the concept of fairness by setting a task where resources are distributed unevenly and reflecting on the desirability of the outcomes

  VCECU004 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU014

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including freedom, justice, and rights and responsibilities, and the extent they are and should be valued by different individuals and groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of justice by proposing and evaluating criteria that might be used for justice, such as what is deserved, adherence to laws or maximising the common good
  • comparing and evaluating two conceptions of freedom: the absence of anything that prevents you achieving what you want, and the ability to control your own interests (self- determination); and whether the harm principle should be used to limit freedom, as part of a study of an issue concerning freedom of speech, or freedom of action (such as restrictions to gambling or alcohol consumption)
  • using a range of examples, such as drink driving, to examine whether there are more important rights and responsibilities than others, whether rights are means or ends and the extent to which reasons involving rights do and should outweigh other reasons for actions

  VCECU014 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding Concepts

• VCELA180

  Compare different kinds of images in narrative and informative texts and discuss how they contribute to meaning

  Elaborations

  • talking about what is ‘real’ and what is imagined in texts, for example ‘This is the section about platypuses in the book about mammals’

  VCELA180 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA270

  Understand that languages have different written and visual communication systems, different oral traditions and different ways of constructing meaning

  Elaborations

  • learning that a word or sign can carry different weight in different cultural contexts, for example that particular respect is due to some people and creatures and that stories can be passed on to teach us how to live appropriately

  VCELA270 | Curriculum content | English | Level 3 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA292

  Understand that the meaning of sentences can be enriched through the use of noun groups/phrases and verb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases

  Elaborations

  • creating richer, more specific descriptions through the use of noun groups/phrases (for example, in narrative texts, ‘their very old Siamese cat’; in reports, 'its extremely high mountain ranges')

  VCELA292 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Writing | Language

• VCELA352

  Investigate how vocabulary choices, including evaluative language can express shades of meaning, feeling and opinion

  Elaborations

  • identifying (for example from reviews) the ways in which evaluative language is used to assess the qualities of the various aspects of the work in question

  VCELA352 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Writing | Language

• VCELA381

  Understand the use of punctuation to support meaning in complex sentences with prepositional phrases and embedded clauses

  Elaborations

  • discussing how qualifying statements add meaning to opinions and views in spoken texts

  VCELA381 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Writing | Language

• VCELA370

  Analyse how point of view is generated in visual texts by means of choices, including gaze, angle and social distance

  Elaborations

  • comparing choices for point of view in animations, advertisements and other persuasive texts
  • comparing how different advertisements use visual elements to advertise the same product
  • experimenting with digital storytelling conventions to create personal reflections on shared experiences

  VCELA370 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA397

  Understand how rhetorical devices are used to persuade and how different layers of meaning are developed through the use of metaphor, irony and parody

  Elaborations

  • identifying and evaluating examples of how rhetorical devices reveal the dark or serious aspects of a topic in ways that cause laughter or amusement, for example by making a statement but implying/meaning the opposite (irony); exaggerating or overstating something (hyperbole); imitating or sending up something (parody), and making something appear less serious than it really is (understatement)

  VCELA397 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA402

  Investigate how visual and multimodal texts allude to or draw on other texts or images to enhance and layer meaning

  Elaborations

  • comprehending a series of static images and combinations of language and images in a picture book, for example title, setting, characters, actions, as well as technical elements including position, size, colour, angle, framing, point of view
  • analysing the relationship between visual elements and text in non-fiction texts such as documentaries, television news, online newspapers and digital magazines

  VCELA402 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA431

  Analyse and explain the use of symbols, icons and myth in still and moving images and how these augment meaning

  Elaborations

  • investigating the use of symbols, for example the flag, the digger’s hat and the Southern Cross in images, films and picture books, and evaluating their contribution to viewers’ understanding of issues, for example national identity, recognising that visual and verbal symbols have different meanings for different groups

  VCELA431 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA474

  Refine vocabulary choices to discriminate between shades of meaning, with deliberate attention to the effect on audiences

  Elaborations

  • creating texts that demand complex processes of responding, for example the inclusion of symbolism in advertising, foreshadowing in documentary and irony in humorous texts

  VCELA474 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language

• VCELC179

  Create a range of bilingual texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, reflecting on how meaning can be conveyed effectively

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual digital/multimedia texts for Greek speakers in Australia, for example, leaflets promoting the arrival of a famous performer or sports team from Greece or Cyprus
  • creating bilingual digital/multimedia or online texts, such as a children’s story to read to primary school children, for example, the Spot books, Πού είναι ο Σποτ; comparing aspects of language and culture and discussing with peers and teachers how meaning can be conveyed effectively
  • producing bilingual texts such as articles and brochures for different contexts and purposes, and reflecting on the process of working in both Greek and English, for example, an information leaflet for Greek exchange students coming to Australia or for a student study tour to Greece or Cyprus
  • corresponding online with Greek-speaking peers to compare experiences and attitudes, making choices about how to represent intended meaning, for example, exchanging views and opinions about school subjects and future aspirations, Στην Ελλάδα το μάθημα αυτό το λέμε ...

  VCELC179 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating