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• VC2M9P02

  calculate relative frequencies from given or collected data to estimate probabilities of events involving ‘and’, inclusive ‘or’ and exclusive ‘or’

  Elaborations

  • understanding that relative frequencies from large data sets or long-run experiments can provide reliable measures of probability and can be used to make predictions of decisions 
  • using Venn diagrams or two-way tables to estimate frequencies of events involving ‘and’ and ‘or’ questions

  VC2M9P02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Probability

• VCSIS051

  Participate in guided investigations, including making observations using the senses, to explore and answer questions

  Elaborations

  • safely using sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell so that students can gather information about the world around them
  • manipulating objects and materials and making observations of the results
  • exploring how musical instruments can be used to produce different sounds

  VCSIS051 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Inquiry Skills | Planning and conducting

• VCELA075

  Recognise the use of images to represent an event, object or idea

  Elaborations

  • exploring what information an image tells us
  • learning that words and images can be used to tell a story about an event
  • using images to represent a story or an event

  VCELA075 | Curriculum content | English | Level C | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA179

  Explore differences in words that represent people, places and things (nouns, including pronouns), happenings and states (verbs), qualities (adjectives) and details such as when, where and how (adverbs)

  Elaborations

  • talking about effective words that describe a place, person or event
  • learning how a sentence can be made more vivid by adding adjectives, adverbs and unusual verbs

  VCELA179 | Curriculum content | English | Level 1 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA225

  Recognise that capital letters signal proper nouns and commas are used to separate items in lists

  Elaborations

  • talking about how a comma can be used to separate two or more elements in a list, for example ‘At the museum they saw a tiger, a dinosaur and two snakes’

  VCELA225 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Writing | Language

• VCELY081

  Explore some familiar texts and images used in the community

  Elaborations

  • exploring the texts, images and objects associated with cultural events.
  • investigating different ways texts can express the same things in different contexts

  VCELY081 | Curriculum content | English | Level C | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCMNA306

  Apply the distributive law to the expansion of algebraic expressions, including binomials, and collect like terms where appropriate

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the distributive law can be applied to algebraic expressions as well as numbers
  • understanding the relationship between expansion and factorisation and identifying algebraic factors in algebraic expressions

  VCMNA306 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VCECD013

  Discuss the role and significance of conscience and reasoning in ethical decision-making

  Elaborations

  • defining conscience and discussing examples where conscience could influence reasoning and decision-making, such as when faced with an opportunity to gain by doing the wrong thing, with little likelihood of getting caught, for example acknowledging the use of someone else’s ideas, tampering with evidence or data, or accessing internet content without paying

  VCECD013 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCELA391

  Understand the way language evolves to reflect a changing world, particularly in response to the use of new technology for presenting texts and communicating

  Elaborations

  • exploring languages and dialects through building webcam relationships with schools across Australia and Asia
  • investigating changes in word use and meaning over time and some of the reasons for these changes, for example the influence on spelling and vocabulary of new forms of communication like texting, emoticons and email

  VCELA391 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELC164

  Reflect on how own biography, including personal experiences, family origins, traditions and beliefs, impacts on identity and shapes own intercultural experiences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Greek and the role of language and culture in expressing identity, and considering the influence of own background on ways of communicating, such as in the use of gestures and body language
  • reflecting on how learning Greek may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as an increased awareness of representations of Greece and Cyprus in the media

  VCELC164 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCJAU197

  Investigate changes to Japanese and other languages and cultures, identifying factors such as education, media and new technologies, popular culture and intercultural exchange

  Elaborations

  • finding examples of ways in which social and cultural influences impact on languages, for example, the abbreviation of borrowed words in Japanese, such as リモコン or スマホ, or the combination of borrowed words with る、ググる and サボる to make verbs
  • reflecting on changes in their own language(s) and cultures due to influences such as technology and social media, for example, the use of abbreviations in text messaging or the replacement of words by emoticons, and considering possible effects of such changes on kanji acquisition in Japanese and spelling in English
  • exploring the influence of Japanese popular culture in Australia, the Asia region and around the world, such as the influence of Japanese design and technology and the popularity of J-pop, electronic games, anime, manga and cosplay
  • investigating the state and nature of indigenous Japanese languages, considering issues such as language revival and reclamation, and drawing comparisons with Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages in Australia

  VCJAU197 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRC062

  Consider how own biography, including personal experiences, family origins, traditions and beliefs, impact on identity and shape own intercultural experiences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using the language and the role of language and culture in expressing identity, and considering the influence of own background on ways of communicating
  • reflecting on how learning the language may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as an increased awareness of representations in the media of countries where the language is spoken

  VCNRC062 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCRAU033

  Recognise the areas of the world where the language is spoken

  Elaborations

  • identifying which world communities use the language and that the language studied borrows from other languages
  • identifying examples of how the language has influenced Australian English showing awareness of the language as a 'real' language in use in the world and one of multiple languages in the Australian community

  VCRAU033 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHPEP062

  Identify actions that promote health, safety and wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • identifying household substances that can be dangerous and suggesting examples of how they can be stored safely in the home
  • grouping foods into categories such as food groups and ‘always’ and ‘sometimes’ foods
  • recognising and following safety symbols and procedures at home and in water and road environments
  • understanding the importance of personal hygiene practices, including hand washing, face washing, nose blowing and toilet routines
  • recognising that being kind, fair and respectful to others can support class health and wellbeing

  VCHPEP062 | Health and Physical Education | Foundation Level | Personal, Social and Community Health | Contributing to healthy and active communities

• VCPSCSE009

  Identify personal strengths and describe how these strengths are useful in school or family life

  Elaborations

  • describing a personal strength you have and how this can have a positive impact at home with your family
  • discussing personal strengths, such as listening carefully, and list possible ways this can be used in class activities and the effect it has on others
  • explaining the consequences of their strengths at school and in their family life
  • responding to the following prompt ‘It does not matter if I cannot run fast because I can ...’

  VCPSCSE009 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 1 and 2 | Self-Awareness and Management | Development of resilience

• VCASFC202

  Investigate, synthesise and evaluate information from a range of perspectives and signed sources, identifying how culture and context affect how information is presented

  Elaborations

  • summarising key ideas/information provided by a guest speaker and identifying how context and culture shape opinions and perspectives
  • reviewing signed texts about a social or cultural issue of relevance to their peer group, and creating questions to prompt evaluative responses from their peers
  • finding information from a variety of signed sources to inform class discussions on issues of current debate within the Deaf community, such as the medical versus cultural view of deafness
  • researching and comparing signed information about significant movements associated with deaf rights across different times and contexts, such as the Milan Congress and Deaf President Now
  • identifying excerpts of signed documentaries or signed interviews or speeches that demonstrate how culture and context affect the presentation of information
  • critically analysing information contained in different signed texts produced by or about the Deaf community, identifying examples of bias and distinguishing between fact and opinion
  • researching information related to topical events or issues that affect the Deaf community, for example the provision of captions across different media

  VCASFC202 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCLVU191

  Investigate and compare the ecology of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages to Indigenous languages in other countries, and consider issues such as language policy, language rights, language loss, advocacy, reform and multilingualism

  Elaborations

  • investigating the social, cultural and linguistic effects of language change and/or language loss in the region
  • understanding terms used in the discussion of language revival, for example, revitalisation, reclamation, renewal
  • investigating the geographical extent of use of the language in earlier times
  • considering the future prospects of the language in the context of its current linguistic ecology
  • exploring Indigenous multilingualism in various communities, including regional varieties, Aboriginal Englishes and creoles
  • researching the impact on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in general, and on the target language in particular, of historical events, government policies, legislation and judicial processes, such as stolen generations, mission schools and advocacy
  • identifying social and government policies and practices that have impacted positively on language acquisition, for example, the performing of Welcome to Country and the Acknowledgement of Country at events, on television programs, in films, and efforts to raise the profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages in the wider Australian community and in particular geographical regions
  • investigating the situation of indigenous languages in other countries, for example, New Zealand, Hawaii, North America, Japan, Latin America, considering issues such as language rights, language endangerment, revival and reclamation, drawing comparisons with the situation of Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages in Australia
  • researching current media debates in relation to Aboriginal languages
  • comparing word lists of languages and dialects of the region, to understand similarities and differences and identify potential opportunities for reconstruction

  VCLVU191 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCGGC129

  Identify, analyse and explain significant interconnections within places and between places over time and at different scales, and evaluate the resulting changes and further consequences

  Elaborations

  • evaluating the effects of international demand for food products on biodiversity throughout the world, in the places of their production
  • using the concept of a system to examine the interconnections between biophysical processes and the human actions, and their underlying causes, that generate environmental change, together with the consequences of these changes
  • identifying the biomes in Australia and overseas that produce some of the foods and plant material people consume and ways that the production of food and fibre has altered some biomes through, for example, vegetation clearance
  • examining how a person’s wellbeing is influenced by where they live, with reference to at least two different scales in a country of the Asia region
  • exploring how transport networks operate to connect people to services, including how supply chain logistics influence these connections

  VCGGC129 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCESC186

  Engage with and review creative texts, identifying and explaining cultural attitudes and key messages

  Elaborations

  • collaborating in critical and cultural readings of the imaginative content of texts such as blogs or song lyrics to explore Spanish-language forms of creative expression
  • composing a review of a film or short story, identifying how the text uses language and textual features to convey emotions and perspectives, for example, Este video no muestra la realidad de la posición de la mujer, Los personajes en este texto se sienten felices
  • reading, viewing or listening to extracts from expressive contemporary texts such as poems, dance, street art or musical performances, identifying elements that reflect the culture or experience of Spanish-speaking communities
  • expressing responses to oral, written and digital texts such as short stories, poems, cartoons, films, raps and songs (es muy conmovedor, es preocupante, son melancólicas, es demasiado hermoso, es divertido, da risa), and identifying how mood is created and how storylines are developed
  • analysing the lyrics of contemporary songs from the Spanish-speaking world, identifying key messages and evaluating expressive styles

  VCESC186 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHU046

  Understand that Chinese is characterised by diversity in spoken and written forms

  Elaborations

  • knowing that Putonghua is the standard spoken language used in China and the main Chinese language taught in other areas of the world
  • understanding that there are simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and exploring examples of both forms to identify differences, for example, 门 and 門
  • exploring how the Chinese language has changed in response to modern life, such as the inclusion of English terms in everyday language; recognising ‘borrowed words’/借词 in Chinese from English (for example, 咖啡、 澳大利亚), and in English from Chinese (for example, tofu), and discussing how and why these types of words are introduced
  • noticing the use of English words or phrases in Chinese interactions (for example, 拜拜, or a few words of English in a Chinese pop song), and discussing the reason for the ‘code-switching’
  • examining the role of myths, legends and 成语 in contemporary language use (for example, reading texts containing 成语, such as 井底之蛙，画龙点睛 within 成语故事) and discussing their intended meaning, and the cultural importance of employing classical language in contemporary contexts

  VCZHU046 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change