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• VCELY485

  Identify and explore the purposes and effects of different text structures and language features of spoken texts, and use this knowledge to create purposeful texts that inform, persuade and engage audiences, using organisation patterns, voice and language conventions to present a coherent point...

  Elaborations

  • identifying stereotypes of people, cultures, places, events, and concepts and explaining why they are stereotypes
  • identifying and explaining satirical events, including events in other cultures, for example depictions in political cartoons
  • applying knowledge of spoken, visual, auditory, technical and multimodal resources (for example sound and silence, camera shot types, lighting and colour) in conjunction with verbal resources for varying purposes and contexts
  • selecting subject matter and language to position readers to accept representations of people, events, ideas and information

  VCELY485 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCGGK125

  The reasons for and effects of internal migration in Australia and China

  Elaborations

  • identifying and explaining the main types, patterns and trends of internal migration in Australia. For example, employment, lifestyle and retirement migration
  • examining the effects of resource development in Australia on employment growth in both the resource regions and the cities, and on internal migration
  • explaining why changes in the spatial distribution of population are a good indicator of economic and social change in a country
  • examining the role of labour migration in the urban development of China. For example, the growth of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province
  • exploring the issues relating to China’s ‘floating population’

  VCGGK125 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Changing nations

• VCLVU194

  Explore language building processes and protocols in communities

  Elaborations

  • investigating language revival efforts in their own community and neighbouring regions, for example, who and what is involved, successes, challenges and protocols, and what these efforts mean to local communities
  • understanding what lexical and grammatical resources and processes are available to build language, for example, linguistic resources and analogies from neighbouring languages, speakers, archival material
  • investigating/understanding protocols for filling gaps and extending semantic domains in the language, including protocols for borrowing from other languages, for creating words by analogy and drawing from within the resources of the language, and discussing associated ethical issues
  • investigating/researching the protocols for receiving, transferring and publishing linguistic resources
  • understanding the importance of intergenerational collaboration in reviving languages, and discussing some of the associated challenges
  • discussing the importance of reviving languages for the individual, the language community and the wider Australian society
  • identifying potential avenues/domains for expansion of the language and gaps to be filled, with the support of community language teams and respected community members
  • appreciating the role of languages advocacy, education and research in building languages
  • understanding how the process of language-building expands existing linguistic and cultural resources in the Australian community

  VCLVU194 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCKOC138

  Present information gathered from different types of texts relating to people, objects, places and events

  Elaborations

  • reporting on information gathered from sources including online resources such as interviews, surveys or brochures, using different media including those in digital formats such as drawings, posters and captioned photos
  • using simple descriptive language and supporting resources to introduce family members and friends, identifying relationships (우리 엄마예요; 친구예요) and cultural backgrounds (호주 사람이에요;한국 사람이에요)
  • creating a class profile from information collected from each other, for example, creating a chart or database to identify favourite sports, food, or colours (크리켓, 불고기,빨간색)
  • presenting information on events or topics of possible interest to Korean children of their own age (for example, 생일, 방학), using multimodal resources and realia support and building vocabulary to describe actions and feelings

  VCKOC138 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCDSCD032

  Plan a sequence of production steps when making designed solutions

  Elaborations

  • determining planning processes as a class, for example, recording a procedure, writing a production plan or creating time plans
  • managing time and resource allocation throughout production, for example materials, tools, equipment and people
  • identifying the steps in a mass production process
  • sequencing steps to collaboratively produce a designed solution

  VCDSCD032 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 3 and 4 | Creating Designed Solutions | Planning and managing

• VCEALA619

  Ask for the translation of specific words from other home language speakers

  Elaborations

  • using English, home language and other known languages to seek clarification from same language peers or staff, such as to check context or match concepts
  • checking translations using resources such as bilingual dictionaries, home language texts, online translation tools

  VCEALA619 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA767

  Compare connotations of synonyms and antonyms in English and home language, referring to a dictionary or thesaurus in each language

  Elaborations

  • using a bilingual dictionary, thesaurus or online tool to search for synonyms and antonyms for a known word in one language
  • crosschecking meaning in home language and English to confirm accurate choice of vocabulary
  • contributing to class word lists with vocabulary found using dictionaries and other resources

  VCEALA767 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA659

  Access new words from bilingual dictionaries or word lists

  Elaborations

  • consulting resources such as bilingual dictionaries, charts, word lists, online tools or peers and the teacher to find new words, or to check spelling and meaning
  • recording new words from texts or interactions in a vocabulary list that includes English, home language and other details such as meaning or phonetic pronunciation

  VCEALA659 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA304

  Employ a range of strategies to understand new or unknown words

  Elaborations

  • referring to written resources such as bilingual dictionaries, charts or own spelling lists
  • recording a vocabulary list that includes English, home language and other details such as an image or phonetic pronunciation
  • writing notes in home language about meaning and pronunciation when encountering new words in texts

  VCEALA304 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC480

  Show understanding of some frequently occurring English words and phrases

  Elaborations

  • understanding a small range of frequently occurring greetings, simple sentences and simple instructions in the classroom, such as ‘partner’ and ‘sit down’
  • using supporting resources to understand classroom language, for example classroom charts, vocabulary lists and contextual information, such as the actions of other students

  VCEALC480 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level CL | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL754

  Use existing vocabulary knowledge to determine the meaning of new words

  Elaborations

  • using familiar root words, prefixes and suffixes to make predictions about meaning of new specific curriculum area vocabulary
  • checking predictions about new vocabulary, using specific curriculum area resources, dictionaries and vocabulary lists, and by asking questions

  VCEALL754 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCGGK150

  Interconnecting causes of spatial variations between countries in selected indicators of human wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • investigating the locational, economic, social, technological, political and or environmental causes of inequalities in wellbeing between countries
  • examining and explaining differences in indicators by gender between countries
  • investigating the interrelationships between the rate of population growth and human wellbeing in countries
  • examining how the possession of natural resources, such as minerals can affect wellbeing in a country

  VCGGK150 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing

• VCGGK094

  Influence of people, including the influence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, on the environmental characteristics of Australian places

  Elaborations

  • identifying how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities altered the environment through their methods of land and resource management
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining

  VCGGK094 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCMNA039

  Demonstrate in practical situations, ‘adding one more to’ and ‘taking one away from’ in everyday situations

  Elaborations

  • using shared experiences with concrete materials to add one more to or take away one from a group of objects, and count to find a total
    • experiencing addition and subtraction in games
  • communicating using language such as ‘more’ or ‘less’ to describe a change in a group using classroom resources and in practical situations

  VCMNA039 | Mathematics | Level C | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCSIS134

  Formulate questions or hypotheses that can be investigated scientifically, including identification of independent, dependent and controlled variables

  Elaborations

  • formulating questions that can be investigated within the scope of the classroom or field with available resources
  • developing ideas from students' own or others' investigations and experiences to investigate further
  • revising and refining research questions to target specific information and data collection or finding a solution to the specific problem identified

  VCSIS134 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Inquiry Skills | Questioning and predicting

• VCZHC152

  Create simple bilingual texts for different audiences, explaining features of the different versions and the impact of context

  Elaborations

  • acting as interpreter for visitors from diverse backgrounds and communicating their message to speakers of other languages, applying strategies such as clarifying, rephrasing and explaining when mediating cultural concepts
  • using a range of resources to assist in creating a Chinese translation of a text, exploring the functions of print and digital translation tools and discussing their strengths and weaknesses

  VCZHC152 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCLVC182

  Create bilingual texts for the wider community collaboration with others

  Elaborations

  • creating shared bilingual learning resources, such as print or digital word banks or glossaries of expressions used in everyday interactions in the language and in English
  • creating bilingual learning resources for younger learners, for example, children’s stories and games
  • performing a role-play or skit for a specified audience, using the language for the performance and English for supporting explanations and commentary
  • creating bilingual texts, using subtitles and captions, to inform the school community about aspects of the language and culture
  • creating a bilingual display, for example, a video-clip or photographic display to showcase events and shared experiences, such as a bush trip
  • creating bilingual digital texts such as song lyrics or dialogues which allow display in the language, in English or in both

  VCLVC182 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHHK118

  Perspectives of subject peoples and their interactions with power and/or authority of others

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • comparing different perspectives of monks, changes in the way of life of the English, and the Norman invasion
    • explaining the attacks on monasteries, for example Lindisfarne (793 CE) and Iona (795 CE) and reviewing the written accounts by monks that contributed to the Vikings' reputation for pillage and violence
    • explaining the survival of a heroic Iron Age society in Early Medieval Ireland, as described in the vernacular epics, and its transformation by the spread of Christianity; the influence of the Vikings; the Anglo-Norman conquest
    • investigating the remains of Viking settlements, for example, Dublin (Ireland) and Jorvik (York)
  • Medieval Europe
    • investigating different types of crime and punishment, for example, trial by combat as a privilege granted to the nobility; being hanged, drawn and quartered as a punishment for heinous crimes such as treason, and the use of the ducking stool as a punishment for women
    • explaining the ways in which the nature of crime and punishment stayed the same or changed over time
  • Ottoman Empire
    • discussing why the Ottoman Empire practiced religious tolerance
    • outlining the millet system that regarded non-Muslim people as subjects, but as not being subject to Muslim law
    • explaining the tolerance of the Ottomans towards Christians and Jews
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • evaluating the perspectives of Angkor trough stone carvings and the writings of the Chinese Ambassador Zhou Daguan, for example, in relation to fishing, trading in markets, temple construction
  • Mongol Expansion
    • describing the way of life in Mongolia and its incorporation into Chinese life. For example agriculture (domestication of animals such as horses, camels and cattle); food (dried meat and yoghurt); and housing (yurts)
    • explaining the role of the Mongols in forging connections between Europe and Asia through conquest, settlement and trade, for example, the use of paper money and coinage; the growing number of European merchants travelling to China
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • examining extracts from Sei Shonagon’s <i>The Pillow Book</i> and extract points/quotes that explain what life was like for women
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • examining artefacts such as Lapita pottery from Vanuatu or tapa cloth or ship building techniques to give insights into those societies
  • Renaissance Italy
    • using primary sources to analyse the relationships between rulers and ruled in one Italian city-state such as Florence, Venice or Naples
  • Spanish Conquest
    • using sources examine the nature of the interaction between the Spanish and the indigenous populations, with a particular focus on either the Aztecs or Incas
    • describing encounters between Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs, as well as the siege of Tenochtitlan

  VCHHK118 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCITC030

  Compare experiences, noticing how these are influenced by language and culture and how readily they may be expressed in Italian

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on cultural differences between everyday life in Italy and Australia, for example, asking how their school day would change if they went to primary school in Italy or what they would find interesting about sharing a lunch with an Italian family, and why; and considering what they would tell a visiting Italian child about how their own family celebrates Christmas, and explaining their choices
  • noticing the influence of important events such as religious celebrations on childhood experiences (for example, le lezioni settimanali di catechismo, la Prima Comunione, andare alla Scuola Media) and connecting these to their own experiences
  • recognising similarities in the Italian and Australian schooling systems (for example, la maestra, l’aula, il cortile), and differences (for example, il bidello, la mensa, il giardino, le scale), and noticing that the Italian school day is different for cultural reasons
  • noticing similarities between Australian and Italian cultures in major celebrations like Christmas (l’albero di Natale) and Easter (l’uovo di cioccolata), as well as differences, for example, the presence of il presepe at Christmas, and the presence of la sorpresa dentro all’uovo di cioccolata at Easter
  • noticing how their own language use influences expectations about Italian language use, such as seeing word order as ‘back to front’, for example, la macchina rossa = the red car
  • discussing distinctive social and cultural practices such as celebrations, for example, Santo Stefano, Ferragosto, Carnevale or Pasquetta
  • considering messages in Italian children’s stories and making comparisons with own experiences, for example, Is that the same or different for me? What would I do or say in that particular situation?
  • considering own and others’ cultural assumptions about home, school and leisure, and how these may be different in an Italian context

  VCITC030 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCTRU046

  Understand the relationships between intonation and stress in Turkish, and apply this understanding to their own written and spoken language and meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • recognising differences in the pronunciation of long and short vowels with and without accent, and understanding that the length of a vowel and accent can change meaning, as in hala-hâlâ, and palatalise the previous consonant, as in kar-kâr
  • understanding sound assimilation, for example, how in words ending in k, the k softens to become yumuşak g (soft g), ğ before suffixes starting with a vowel, for example, kulak – kulağıma, küçük-küçüğüm
  • understanding how to use emphasis to enhance meaning, for example, using high-pitch tone and primary stress at the end of words, as in gel′dim ya!
  • understanding how stress is usually placed on the last syllable in Turkish, except in the case of some question words, compounds and place names, such as ′Ankara, ′Türkiye but Bulgaris′tan, Gürcis′tan, ′hangi, ′niçin
  • applying the principles of vowel harmony and sound assimilation of consonants and grammatical knowledge to the spelling and writing of unfamiliar words, for example, suffixes such as -cı, kapkaççı, bankacı, yolcu, oduncu, examples of sound assimilation, sokak+-da = sokakta, süt+-de = sütte, kebap+-cı = kebapçı, simit+-ci = simitçi
  • noticing the pronunciation of loan words, including vowels and consonant clusters, for example, plaj, spor, tren
  • recognising the effect of non-verbal language and tone in reinforcing meaning in spoken Turkish, for example, Buyrun! Vay be! Mahvoldum ya!, İnanmıyorum! Git yaa! Eeee, başka? Hadi be! Öf ya!

  VCTRU046 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language