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• VCESC151

  Produce a variety of texts such as scripted performances, raps and digital stories using imaginary characters, places, ideas and events

  Elaborations

  • producing songs, raps, short scripted plays or video clips based on modelled examples of these genres to perform to younger children who are learning Spanish
  • creating individual or collaborative poetry, experimenting with rhyme and rhythm, for example, a shape or acrostic poem or jingle, riddle or rap
  • creating, performing and recording/filming own texts such as a commercial for a new product, a photo story, a cartoon, or a poster for an imagined event
  • representing key events in imagined scenarios, using formats such as digital storyboards, cartoon maker, talking books or memes, using different voices, captions or word bubbles to capture different moods or feelings

  VCESC151 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VC2M8A02

  graph linear relations on the Cartesian plane using digital tools where appropriate; solve linear equations and one-variable inequalities using graphical and algebraic techniques; verify solutions by substitution

  Elaborations

  • recognising that in a table of values, if the first difference between consecutive values of the dependent variable is constant, then it is a linear relation
  • graphing linear functions and relations of the form x=a , y=a , x ≤a , x>a , y ≤a , y>a on the Cartesian plane for known values of a
  • completing a table of values, plotting the resulting points on the Cartesian plane and determining whether the relationship is linear
  • graphing the linear relationship ax+b=c for given values of a, b and c and identifying from the graph where ax+b <c or where ax+b >c
  • solving linear equations of the form ax+b=c and one-variable inequalities of the form ax+b <c or ax+b >c where a > 0 using inverse operations and digital tools, and checking solutions by substitution
  • solving linear equations such as 3x+7=6x-9 , representing these graphically, and verifying solutions by substitution

  VC2M8A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Algebra

• VCASFU031

  Observe that signers can include different information, including gestural overlays, within a single sign, and identify examples of signers using space grammatically through points, depicting signs and constructed action

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Auslan has fully-lexical signs that are in the dictionary and have a standard handshape, movement and location, and partly-lexical signs that cannot be listed in a dictionary in all forms as they change their form each time they are signed, such as DSs
  • noticing that fully- and partly-lexical signs can include grammatical information not included in a ‘citation’ form, for example, the sign TELL -_me is not listed separately to TELL (towards neutral space) and GO-TO includes GO-TO -_often
  • discussing the functions of different pointing signs, such as pronouns, determiners and locatives
  • understanding that some verb forms in Auslan indicate who is involved in a verb by changing the direction of the movement or orientation of the handshape
  • noticing the relationship between the location of referents and the direction of some indicating verbs
  • recognising who is the actor and undergoer of the verb in a clause
  • identifying with support examples of DSs and becoming familiar with the terms entity, handling and SASS DSs
  • comparing English adjectives with SASS DSs
  • knowing that signers can reconstruct/act out their own or another’s talk and/or actions and that this is called CA

  VCASFU031 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M8N03

  convert between fractions and terminating or recurring decimals, using digital tools as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • identifying when a fraction has a terminating decimal expansion from the prime factorisation of its denominator; for example, 724=0.2916_ does not have a terminating decimal expansion, while 725=0.28 does
  • identifying terminating, recurring and non-terminating decimals and choosing their appropriate representations such as 13 is represented as 0.3_

  VC2M8N03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Number

• VC2M7N06

  use the 4 operations with positive rational numbers, including fractions and decimals, to solve problems using efficient mental and written calculation strategies

  Elaborations

  • solving addition and subtraction problems involving fractions and decimals; for example, using rectangular arrays with dimensions equal to the denominators, algebra tiles, digital tools or informal jottings
  • choosing an appropriate numerical representation for a problem so that efficient computations can be made, such as 12.5%, 18, 0.125 or 1251000
  • developing efficient strategies with appropriate use of the commutative and associative properties, place value, patterning, and multiplication facts to solve multiplication and division problems involving fractions and decimals; for example, using the commutative property to calculate 23 of 12 , giving 12 of 23=13
  • solving multiplicative problems involving fractions and decimals using fraction walls, rectangular arrays, algebra tiles, calculators or informal jottings
  • developing efficient strategies with appropriate use of the commutative and associative properties, regrouping or partitioning to solve additive problems involving fractions and decimals
  • carrying out calculations to solve problems using the representation that makes computations efficient, such as 12.5% of 96 is more efficiently calculated as 18 of 96, including contexts such as comparing land use by calculating the total local municipal area set aside for parkland or manufacturing and retail, the amount of protein in daily food intake across several days, or increases or decreases in energy accounts each account cycle

  VC2M7N06 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Number

• VCELC108

  Participate in shared imaginative activities and respond in a variety of ways such as through predicting, singing, chanting, play-acting and movement

  Elaborations

  • reading shared imaginative digital and online texts, repeating words and rehearsed language patterns, and making predictions about the storyline and characters, using cues from the heading, symbols, pictures and words in the text
  • performing songs, chants and rhymes in response to an imaginative digital or online text, for example, Η πολύ πεινασμένη κάμπια, experimenting with different expressive effects, such as using simple gestures or different voices
  • interacting with a character or puppet in an imaginary situation or setting, for example, ‘Spot the dog’, Πού είναι ο Σπότ; Τί κάνει ο Σποτ;
  • acting out their favourite character or event from a shared story and making simple statements, for example, Είμαι η Μορμώ.

  VCELC108 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VC2M7A02

  apply the associative, commutative and distributive laws to aid mental and written computation, and formulate algebraic expressions using constants, variables, operations and brackets

  Elaborations

  • simplifying calculations
  • forming simple estimates for calculations involving multiple and/or combined operations
  • generalising arithmetic expressions to algebraic expressions involving constants, variables, operations and brackets; for example, 7+7+7=3×7, x+x+x=3×x noting that 3x includes implied multiplication and recognising the difference between 3x+4 and 3x+4
  • formulating algebraic expressions that represent mathematical relationships; for example, translating from words to symbols in ‘think of a number’ type activities
  • recognising and applying the concept of variable as something that can change in value, investigating the relationships between variables, and the application to processes on Country/Place, including how cultural expressions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, such as storytelling, communicate mathematical relationships that can be represented as mathematical expressions

  VC2M7A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Algebra

• VC2M9A07

  experiment with the effects of the variation of parameters on graphs of related functions, using digital tools, making connections between graphical and algebraic representations, and generalising emerging patterns 

  Elaborations

  • investigating transformations of the graph of y=x to the graph of y=ax+b by systematic variation of a and b and interpreting the effects of these transformations using digital tools; for example,
    y=x→y=2x (vertical enlargement as a>1) →y=2x-1 (vertical translation) and
     y=x→y=12x (vertical compression as 0<a<1) →y=-12x (reflection in the horizontal axis) →y=-12x+3 (vertical translation)
  • investigating transformations of the parabola y=x2 to the graph of y=ax-h2+b in the Cartesian plane using digital tools to determine the relationship between graphical and algebraic representations of quadratic functions, including the completed square form; for example,
    y=x2→y=13x2 (vertical compression as 0<a<1) →y=13(x-5)2 (horizontal translation) →y=13(x-5)2+7 (vertical translation) or
    y=x2→y=2x2 (vertical enlargement as a>1) →y=-2x2 (reflection in the horizontal axis) →y=-2(x+6)2 (horizontal translation) →y=-2x+62+10 (vertical translation)
  • experimenting with digital tools by applying transformations to the graphs of functions, such as reciprocal y=1x, square root y=x, cubic y=x3 and exponential functions y=2x, y=(12)x, identifying patterns

  VC2M9A07 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Algebra

• VC2M9N01

  recognise that the real number system includes the rational numbers and the irrational numbers, and solve problems involving real numbers with and without using digital tools

  Elaborations

  • investigating the real number system by representing the relationships between irrational numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers and discussing the difference between exact representations and approximate decimal representations of irrational numbers
  • using a real number line to indicate the solution interval for inequalities of the form ax+b <c ,
    for example, 2x+7<0 ; or of the form ax+b>c , for example, 1.2x-5.4>10.8
  • using positive and negative rational numbers to solve problems, for example, for financial planning such as budgeting
  • solving problems involving the substitution of real numbers into formulas, understanding that solutions can be represented in exact form or as a decimal approximation, such as calculating the area of a circle using the formula A=πr2 and specifying the answer in terms of π as an exact real number; for example, the circumference of a circle with diameter 5 units is 5π units, and the exact area is π(52)2=254π square units, which rounds to 19.63 square units, correct to 2 decimal places
  • investigating the position of rational and irrational numbers on the real number line, using geometric constructions to locate rational numbers and square roots on a number line; for example, 2 is located at the intersection of an arc and the number line, where the radius of the arc is the length of the diagonal of a one-unit square

  VC2M9N01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Number

• VC2M4N03

  find equivalent representations of fractions using related denominators and make connections between fractions and decimal notation

  Elaborations

  • extending fraction families within collections of materials, for example, by seeing 34 as 3 in each 4, showing this within related fractions like 68 or seeing that 25 means 2 in each 5 so it can be shown within 410
  • creating models of equivalent fractions by subdividing capacity measures into smaller fractions; for example, half a cup of flour could be shown as two-quarters or four-eighths of a cup of flour
  • folding paper to show equivalence between different fractions; for example, folding A4 paper in half and half again, repeating to form eighths and demonstrating that 48=24=12 ; or folding paper strips into fifths and tenths, and recording as both fractions and decimals
  • identifying and using the connection between fractions of metres and decimals; for example, finding 14 of a metre and connecting this to 0.25 metres or 25 centimetres, or finding 110 of a metre and connecting this with 0.10 metres or 10 centimetres
  • using array diagrams to show the relationship between fractions and division and multiplication of natural numbers, for example, 3 × 4 = 12, 12 ÷ 4 = 3, 14 of 12 is 3, 13 of 12 is 4

  VC2M4N03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Number

• VC2M9A05

  identify and graph quadratic functions, solve quadratic equations graphically and numerically, and use null factor law to solve monic quadratic equations with integer roots algebraically, using graphing software and digital tools as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • recognising that in a table of values, if the second difference between consecutive values of the dependent variable is constant, then it is a quadratic
  • graphing quadratic functions using digital tools and comparing what is the same and what is different between these different functions and their respective graphs; interpreting features of the graphs such as symmetry, turning point, maximum and minimum values; and determining when values of the quadratic function lie within a given range
  • solving quadratic equations algebraically and comparing these to graphical solutions
  • using graphs to determine the solutions of quadratic equations; recognising that the roots of a quadratic function correspond to the x-intercepts of its graph and that if the graph has no x-intercepts, then the corresponding equation has no real solutions
  • relating horizontal axis intercepts of the graph of a quadratic function to the factorised form of its rule using the null factor law; for example, the graph of the function y=x2-5x+6 can be represented as y=x-2x-3 with x-axis intercepts where either x-2=0 or x-3=0
  • recognising that the equation x2=a, where a>0, has 2 solutions, x=a and x=-a (for example, if x2=39 then x=39=6.245 correct to 3 decimal places, or x=-39=-6.245 correct to 3 decimal places) and representing these graphically
  • graphing percentages of illumination of moon phases in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ understandings that describe the different phases of the moon

  VC2M9A05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Algebra

• VCFRC055

  Participate in a range of spoken and written interactions, for example, exchanging views or experiences, apologising or excusing, inviting or congratulating

  Elaborations

  • using the appropriate register when exchanging greetings, introductions, apologies or health enquiries, for example, Salut mon pote! Ça roule? Bonjour, Mademoiselle Charpent, comment allez-vous? Enchanté! Je m’excuse, Monsieur, vous vous appellez comment? Ciao, Pierre, à tout de suite!
  • using descriptive and expressive language to talk about aspects of school, home and social life, for example, Ma sœur m’ennuie parce que…; c’est bien/dûr d’être ado car…; ce que je déteste/j’adore, c’est la musique/l’informatique /les maths; s’il faut redoubler…!
  • communicating in face-to-face or online discussion and debate with peers and French-speaking contacts about social and environmental issues, such as l’influence de la musique, l’environnement digital or le recyclage, referencing community attitudes and changing practices
  • composing formal and informal versions of invitations and/or replies to invitations, taking account of the context and the relationship with the recipient of the text

  VCFRC055 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VC2M5N05

  solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions with the same or related denominators, using different strategies

  Elaborations

  • using different ways to add and subtract fractional amounts by subdividing different models of measurement attributes; for example, adding half an hour and three-quarters of an hour using a clock face, adding a 34 cup of flour and a 14 cup of flour, subtracting 34 of a metre from 2 14 metres
  • representing and solving addition and subtraction problems involving fractions by using jumps on a number line, or bar models, or making diagrams of fractions as parts of shapes
  • using materials, diagrams, number lines or arrays to show and explain that fraction number sentences can be rewritten in equivalent forms without changing the quantity, for example, 12+14 is the same as 24+14 

  VC2M5N05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Number

• VC2M5N03

  compare and order common unit fractions with the same and related denominators, including mixed numerals, applying knowledge of factors and multiples; represent these fractions on a number line

  Elaborations

  • using pattern blocks to represent equivalent fractions; selecting one block or a combination of blocks to represent one whole, and making a design with shapes; and recording the fractions to justify the total
  • creating a fraction wall from paper tape to model and compare a range of different fractions with related denominators, and using the model to play fraction wall games
  • connecting a fraction wall model and a number line model of fractions to say how they are the same and how they are different; for example, explaining 14 on a fraction wall represents the area of one-quarter of the whole, while on the number line 14 is identified as a point that is one-quarter of the distance between zero and one
  • using an understanding of factors and multiples as well as equivalence to recognise efficient methods for the location of fractions with related denominators on parallel number lines; for example, explaining on parallel number lines that 210 is located at the same position on a parallel number line as 15 because 15 is equivalent to 210
  • converting between mixed numerals and improper fractions to assist with locating them on a number line

  VC2M5N03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Number

• VCZHC198

  Adapt events and characters from popular Chinese narratives for particular audiences and to create specific effects

  Elaborations

  • creating songs or jingles to promote products, services or events in imaginative ways
  • performing Chinese songs, experimenting with rhythm, voice, emotion and gesture to convey the songs’ intended sentiment and meaning and to enhance entertainment
  • exploring personal response to people, places, events and experiences within texts (for example, creating a diary entry from the perspective of a character encountered in a traditional story), and reflecting on language choices made
  • creating short narratives to capture the experiences, thoughts and emotions of characters in imagined contexts
  • creating digital stories by producing labels for pictures, photographs and cartoons, and presenting them in combination with sound, voice and music to convey a sequence of events
  • plotting a storyline in Chinese, considering: Who is the main character? How can I make this character interesting to readers? How can I sequence my story to grab the reader’s attention?
  • creating narratives to describe imagined experiences in diverse contexts, based on sample topics and texts, for example, imagining a visit to China and recounting a visit to a homestay family or an adventure on the Great Wall, or describing experiences when a Chinese student comes to stay in Australia
  • creating stories in various literary styles (for example, 记叙文、散文、诗歌), experimenting with descriptive language to capture the intensity of characters’ emotions and to create tension, for example, 我看到好多漂亮的花，有粉红的，雪白的，真是太美了

  VCZHC198 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELC163

  Participate in intercultural interactions, reflecting on choices and adjustments made to language and behaviour when communicating in Greek and demonstrating awareness of the importance of shared understanding

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with Greek gestures and body language, considering which should and should not be used in interactions with others, for example, signalling downwards to beckon others
  • making appropriate language choices with awareness of social situations, for example, using the polite plural form when speaking to people who are older or not familiar
  • interacting, face-to-face or online, with members of Greek-speaking communities, describing the experience and reflecting on the most appropriate ways of interacting with Greek speakers such as an elderly person, or a recent arrival from Greece or Cyprus
  • reflecting on how own cultural etiquette and behaviour may be interpreted when interacting with Greek speakers, noticing own body language and modifying gestures such as tilting head backward to indicate ‘no’

  VCELC163 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC086

  Respond to simple narratives and create short texts about imagined characters and events

  Elaborations

  • creating digital stories by producing labels for pictures, photos and cartoons in combination with sound, voice and music to convey a sequence of events in imagined contexts
  • reading jokes or cartoons in Chinese and discussing how humour is conveyed through words and the presentation of ideas, comparing this to humour in English and discussing whether ‘entertainment’ means the same thing in different languages and cultures
  • reading short texts such as comics and cartoons, and matching labels and speech to the characters to convey ideas and emotions, for example, using euphemistic phrases to capture the emotions and reactions of characters (真的吗？真倒霉！哎呀！)
  • plotting a storyline, considering: Who is the main character? How can I make this character interesting to readers? How can I sequence my story to grab the reader’s attention?

  VCZHC086 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VC2M8A05

  experiment with linear functions and relations using digital tools, making and testing conjectures and generalising emerging patterns

  Elaborations

  • using graphing software to investigate the effect of systematically varying parameters of linear functions on the corresponding graphs, making and testing conjectures; for example, making a conjecture that if the coefficient of x is negative, then the line will slope down from left to right
  • using graphing software to systematically contrast the graphs of y=2x, -y=2x, y=-2x and -y=-2x with those of
    y<2x, -y<2x, y<-2x and -y<-2x and those of y>2x, -y>2x,  y>-2x and -y>-2x, making and testing conjectures about sign and direction of the inequality
  • using digital tools to investigate integer solutions to equations such as 2x+3y=48

  VC2M8A05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 8 | Algebra

• VC2M10AA03

  simplify combinations of linear expressions with rational coefficients and the solution of related equations

  Elaborations

  • simplifying sums and differences of linear expressions of the form ax+bc where
    a and b are integers, and c is a non-zero integer, for example, 6x-112-7x4+9-5x3=-5x-3012
  • solving equations involving sums and differences of linear expressions with rational coefficients, for example, -2x3+49= 1157x-1 ⇒-30x+20=693x-99 ⇒x=119723 , and verifying the solution

  VC2M10AA03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10A | Algebra

• VC2M7M05

  demonstrate that the interior angle sum of a triangle in the plane is 180° and apply this to determine the interior angle sum of other shapes and the size of unknown angles

  Elaborations

  • using concrete materials to demonstrate that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°; for example, using paper triangles and tearing to demonstrate that the interior angles when combined form 180°
  • using decomposition and the angle sum of a triangle to generalise the interior angle sum of an n-sided polygon, as 180n-2=180n-360

  VC2M7M05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 7 | Measurement