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• VCSSU079

  Sudden geological changes or extreme weather conditions can affect Earth’s surface

  Elaborations

  • investigating major geological events, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis
  • recognising that earthquakes can cause tsunamis
  • considering the effect of drought on living and non-living aspects of the environment

  VCSSU079 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCGGK039

  Connection of weather to seasons

  Elaborations

  • exploring how changes in the weather effected a place, activity or event
  • using structured activities to observe and develop an understanding of how changes in the weather can affect a desired activity
  • showing an understanding of how changes in the weather can affect their daily activities by matching clothing activity and weather
  • connecting weather and season to clothing, activity and events

  VCGGK039 | The Humanities | Geography | Level C | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCSSU075

  The growth and survival of living things are affected by the physical conditions of their environment

  Elaborations

  • observing the growth of fungi, for example, yeast and bread mould in different temperature conditions
  • investigating how changing the physical conditions for plants impacts on their growth and survival, for example, changing salt water concentrations, using fertilisers or transferring to a different soil type
  • researching organisms that live in extreme environments, for example, Antarctica, a desert or deep sea

  VCSSU075 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCSSU014

  The weather and time of day can change

  Elaborations

  • identifying the characteristics of day and night, for example, morning, evening, sun, moon, stars, sunrise, sunset
  • answering with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response to questions related to changes in the weather, for example, ‘Is the weather today different from yesterday?’, ‘Do you think the weather will change after lunch?’

  VCSSU014 | Science | Level B | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU004

  Changes in the world around us can affect responses

  Elaborations

  • making decisions about clothing, location and activity based on their reaction to, and changes in, the weather
  • demonstrating an awareness of the time of day by responding to activities associated with different times of the day, for example, eating lunch, getting dressed to go to school, packing bags to go home

  VCSSU004 | Science | Level A | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCGGK011

  Experience weather and seasons

  Elaborations

  • exposed to weather conditions and their sensory characteristics
  • exposed to weather conditions being linked to pictures, words and images
  • experiencing the changing of clothing and activities due to the weather and the season

  VCGGK011 | The Humanities | Geography | Level A | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCSSU062

  Earth’s surface changes over time as a result of natural processes and human activity

  Elaborations

  • considering how different human activities cause erosion of Earth's surface
  • considering the effect of events such as floods and extreme weather on landscapes
  • exploring a local area that has changed as a result of natural processes, for example, an eroded gully, sand dunes or river banks

  VCSSU062 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU046

  Observable changes occur in the sky and landscape; daily and seasonal changes affect everyday life

  Elaborations

  • recording short and longer term patterns of events that occur on Earth and in the sky, for example, the appearance of the moon and stars at night, the weather and the seasons
  • linking changes in the daily weather to the way we modify our behaviour and dress for different conditions, including examples from different cultures
  • investigating how changes in the weather might affect animals such as pets, animals that hibernate, or migratory animals

  VCSSU046 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU034

  The weather and time of day affect events and clothing choices

  Elaborations

  • linking the time of day with routine events and objects
  • using images of different clothes to put together a ‘summer’ and a ‘winter’ outfit

  VCSSU034 | Science | Level D | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU127

  The theory of plate tectonics explains global patterns of geological activity and continental movement

  Elaborations

  • recognising the major plates on a world map
  • considering the role of heat energy and convection currents in the movement of tectonic plates
  • modelling sea-floor spreading
  • relating the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic activity to constructive and destructive plate boundaries
  • relating the extreme age and stability of a large part of the Australian continent to its plate tectonic history

  VCSSU127 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCSSU024

  Weather involves sun, rain, wind and clouds and can be hot, cold and warm

  Elaborations

  • responding to questions related to the weather, for example, ‘Do you think it will rain?’, ‘Do you feel hot?, ‘Is it snowing?’
  • identifying and sorting pictures and objects into 'hot' and 'cold' weather activities

  VCSSU024 | Science | Level C | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCFRU124

  Examine the nature of language change in response to changing cultural conditions

  Elaborations

  • identifying factors involved in language change and adaptation, for example by creating flowcharts or diagrams using captions such as la mondialisation, l’immigration, le multiculturalisme, les médias, les informations
  • finding examples of cross-cultural influences between French, English and Australian-English cultural expressions, art forms and vocabulary, for example, young musicians in France studying le didgeridoo
  • considering the concept of ‘ecology’ in relation to French and other languages; that is, the interaction of the language with constantly changing environments due to globalisation, technology, language shifts and exchange
  • understanding that languages increasingly blend to create new forms and functions, for example by comparing traditional creole languages in English-speaking and francophone communities

  VCFRU124 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU036

  Explore and reflect on the nature of language change in response to changing cultural and social conditions

  Elaborations

  • understanding how Hangeul was created in response to the need for a writing system that would reflect the sound system of spoken Korean in 15th-century Korea; reflecting on how its creation has impacted on the Korean language and culture and people’s lives up until now, discussing the role of script in aspects of culture in everyday life
  • discussing possible reasons for changes in Korean language use, such as exposure to other languages, changing contexts of use and the development of digital technology
  • exploring how globalisation has accelerated the use of English words and expressions in Korean language use, discussing advantages and disadvantages in the blending of languages
  • examining how acronyms or short forms of words are used in Korean and in English, discussing how these forms reflect people’s changing lifestyles

  VCKOU036 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU248

  Understand and control additional elements of Auslan grammar, such as the use of non-manual features for topicalisation, negation or conditional forms, and develop awareness of how signers use constructed action and depicting signs in composite utterances

  Elaborations

  • observing that some noun groups are not signed overtly, particularly if maintaining the same referent rather than introducing a new one
  • distinguishing between the citation form of a sign and the adverbial NMF overlaid and what meaning each part carries, for example: MAN SPRINT (base form), MAN SPRINT-_fast (manner added)
  • recognising that signers can give information about how a verb happens over time by changing the movement, for example, signing WATCH versus WATCH-_{for-a-long-time}, or with lexical signs such as WATCH AGAIN++
  • recognising that some adverbs modify adjectives, not verbs, for example VERY, and that these modifications to adjectives can also be expressed with NMFs, for example changes in mouth patterns and movement of signs can intensify adjectives, for example, RED-_really, PLEASED-_really, TALL-_really
  • recognising that typically signers use DSs to show spatial relationships, not separate signs such as ON or UNDER
  • recognising how conjunctions such as PLUS, IF or BUT are used to join clauses and create cohesion
  • recognising that clauses can also be joined through particular NMFs
  • noticing that clauses can be linked equally or unequally, where one clause depends on another
  • recognising that the element of a clause that a signer wants to focus on most in Auslan is sometimes moved to be signed first and that this process of topicalisation involves particular NMFs
  • noticing that clauses are elaborated and made more vivid by adding adjectives and adverbs and by enacting or using DSs
  • realising that in many clauses signers ‘tell’ with fully-lexical signs at the same time as ‘show’ with DS, periods of CA and other gestural elements
  • noticing when signers are using composite utterances, for example those that include elements of CA, DSs, points and lexical signs, and how that affects the structure of a clause

  VCASFU248 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCSSU073

  Scientific understandings, discoveries and inventions are used to inform personal and community decisions and to solve problems that directly affect people’s lives

  Elaborations

  • exploring objects and devices that include parts that involve the reflection, absorption or refraction of light, for example, mirrors, sunglasses and prisms
  • considering how electricity and electrical appliances have changed the way some people live
  • considering how decisions are made to grow particular plants and crops depending on environmental conditions
  • considering how guidelines help to ensure the safe use of electrical devices
  • comparing the benefits of using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels to heat a home
  • designing shelters for living things that are exposed to changed or harsh environments, for example, as a result of bushfire or displacement

  VCSSU073 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU035

  The shape of objects will affect how they move

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the shape of an object affects how well it can roll or slide
  • investigating how the shape of a helicopter blade affects how long a model paper helicopter can stay in the air

  VCSSU035 | Science | Level D | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU015

  Objects can be changed and manipulated

  Elaborations

  • exploring the effects that simple physical actions have on everyday objects, for example, pushing a toy car to make it move, letting go of an inflated balloon, dropping a ball
  • investigating how objects can change shape, for example, by squeezing, tearing, twisting, pulling, dropping

  VCSSU015 | Science | Level B | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCGGC101

  Identify, analyse and explain interconnections within places and between places and identify and explain changes resulting from these interconnections

  Elaborations

  • describing how water is an available resource when it is groundwater, soil moisture (green water), and surface water in dams, rivers and lakes (blue water), and a potential resource when it exists as salt water, ice, water vapour or waste water, and using the concept of the water cycle to show the connections between the different forms
  • explaining how the movement of water through the environment connects places. For example, the melting of snow in spring feeding rivers and dams downstream
  • comparing student access to and use of places and spaces in their local area and evaluating how this affects perceptions of liveability
  • analysing the role of landforms and landscapes in tourism. For example, Uluru in Australia or the Grand Canyon in the USA
  • examining how urbanisation can affect environmental quality and analysing the effects of erosion and sedimentation produced by human activities on landscape quality

  VCGGC101 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCPSCSO021

  Describe the ways in which similarities and differences can affect relationships

  Elaborations

  • thinking about someone you admire and explore whether there are similarities or differences between yourself and that person
  • reading a story to enable students to discuss similarities and differences and the affect on relationships
  • discussing the statement ‘Differences can contribute to good relationships’

  VCPSCSO021 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCHHK110

  Changes in society and the perspectives of key groups affected by change including the influence of law and religion

  Elaborations

  • Egypt
    • distinguishing between groups using historical sources such as the nobility, bureaucracy, women, and slaves in hieroglyphics
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Egyptian society
    • outlining the rights of women, for example, in the areas of marriage, family life, work and education, and their responsibilities, that is, generally limited to the home and family
  • Greece
    • examining evidence of the social structure of Athenian or Spartan society, for example, the roles of citizens, women, slaves in Athenian society and the roles of Spartiates, Perioikoi and Helots in Spartan society
    • outlining the rights of citizens in ancient Athens, for example, the right to vote, their responsibilities, for example, military service, attending assembly meetings, and the invention of freedom
  • Rome
    • examining the evidence of the social structure of Roman society, for example, the roles of patricians, plebeians, women and slaves in the city of Rome, and the idea of Republican virtue and its historical resonance
    • describing the significance of slavery in the period of the Roman Empire, for example, the acquisition of slaves through warfare, the use of slaves as gladiators and agricultural labourers, and the rise of freedmen
  • India
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Indian society
    • explaining the social structure of India, including the role of Brahmins – priests, teachers, Kshatriyas – kings, warriors, Vaishyas – merchants, artisans, Shudras – labourers, peasants
  • China
    • creating a graphic representation of the social structure of Chinese society such as kings, emperors, scholars, farmers, craftsmen, women
    • outlining the rights and responsibilities of women, for example, in the areas of marriage, family life, work and education

  VCHHK110 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Ancient world and early civilisations – 60 000 BC (BCE) – c.650 AD (CE)