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• VCTRU083

  Understand that variations in the use of spoken and written Turkish relate to social roles, communities and contexts, and consider how and why these differ from similar variations in the use of Australian English

  Elaborations

  • identifying protocols associated with the use of language, body language and gestures when using Turkish which are different to those used by people from other language backgrounds, for example, kissing hands, avoiding crossing legs or putting hands in pockets when in the company of elders
  • tracking variations in language use among different community or social groups, identifying how they reflect cultural values, hierarchies or relationships, for example, language used between members of sporting or interest groups
  • discussing the use of Avustralya Türkçesi among people in different contexts, for example, the use of words such as ‘yep’, ‘mate’, shoplar, ‘you know’ within sentences in Turkish, for example, at local events such as festivallerdeki duyurular, satıcıların dili, camide imamın konuşması
  • comparing style, register and grammatical choices adopted in spoken, written or digital versions of an interaction such as a greeting, announcement or apology, for example, özür dilerim/affınıza sığınırım, naber(nbr)/nasılsın
  • understanding why older Turkish speakers and government officials are more likely to use loan words from Persian and Arabic compared to younger generations in social contexts, for example, the use of teferruat instead of ayrıntı, or tercüme instead of çeviri, müracaat for başvuru

  VCTRU083 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC145

  Interact and socialise with peers and known adults, exchanging ideas and opinions about personal experiences and social activities

  Elaborations

  • engaging others in conversation and inviting responses on issues relevant to their lives, such as traditional and modern lifestyles and values, and language learning by asking questions such as 你知道澳大利亚的国宝是什么吗？你觉得什么最好玩？
  • participating in class and school debates, acknowledging others’ opinions and presenting own with examples and personal experiences, for example, 虽然你说得很有道理，但是如果我们再想一想，如果你也经历过… 那么你也会同意…
  • using social media to maintain contact with classmates and record events in everyday life, by keeping a weekly or daily journal or blog, recording highlights of school or home life or leisure activities (for example, 今天我的足球队又输了，真没劲!), or a holiday experience, for example, 袋鼠岛游记
  • describing and elaborating on details of experiences in correspondence, for example, 这次暑假过得很愉快，我们全家去了巴厘岛。在那儿，我们天天在海边，有时候冲浪，有时候散步
  • composing text messages, emails, letters using appropriate formats and employing appropriate terms to address recipient, for example, 敬爱的王老师 (for a formal letter), 嘿，小王，最近好吗 (for a casual letter or message)
  • responding appropriately to invitations, including by accepting and declining, for example, 谢谢你的邀请，祝你生日快乐。但是我星期日要…对不起，不能参加你的聚会。希望你玩得高兴

  VCZHC145 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC178

  Negotiate actions and contribute ideas, opinions and suggestions in interactions related to shared tasks and problem-solving, managing different views

  Elaborations

  • participate in online discussions and other exchanges to raise awareness of topical issues, for example, 作文大赛《谈谈健康饮食》
  • using social media to communicate with peers in a range of locations in order to inform them about social initiatives in Australia, such as 清扫澳洲日, 地球一小时, and inviting contributions of others to initiate similar events in their regions
  • volunteering their time in a project that supports other members of the local community (for example, organising a concert to perform at an aged-care facility; providing tutoring in English for older members of the Chinese-speaking community), discussing experiences and persuading peers and others to contribute
  • collaborating to make decisions about fashion, purchases, visual appeal, celebrity endorsement and product reliability to determine value for money in relation to own purchases and shopping habits (for example, 虽然这件衣服是名牌，但是质量不太好)
  • investigating services provided to the local community, including social welfare and support services, and considering ways to assist such organisations in promoting and delivering their services
  • designing a campaign to promote and persuade people to join a community organisation, for example, creating slogans such as 加入澳洲华人青年会，你会认识更多的朋友！

  VCZHC178 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC135

  Identify common spoken Chinese expressions and discuss examples of actions, words and phrases that do not readily translate into English

  Elaborations

  • differentiating between word-by-word meaning and intended meaning when translating from Chinese into English, for example, the word-by-word translation of 我喜欢一个人看书 is ‘I like one person to read’, but it means ‘I like to read alone’
  • designing bilingual signs (characters/Pinyin/English) to post on key buildings and rooms around the school that convey short messages such as descriptions of the place or the rules in that place
  • recognising the role that gesture plays in oral interaction, including emblematic (hand) gestures, gesturing for emphasis and inclusivity, and taboos within Chinese communication, such as pointing directly at someone
  • identifying Chinese symbols in print and digital texts (for example, the longevity symbol), and developing ways to convey the culturally attached value when expressing the meaning of these symbols in English
  • comparing own translation of short texts (such as brand names, signs, slogans and billboard advertisements) to others’, and evaluating the effectiveness of own translation
  • developing strategies for using bilingual (Chinese–English and English–Chinese) dictionaries in both print and digital forms to assist with translation
  • explaining in English features of gestures used in Chinese, for example, hand gestures for numbers
  • comparing versions of a common text across languages and identifying issues in conveying meaning, for example, how to render 小心轻放 into English

  VCZHC135 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC039

  Interpret and translate simple texts used for everyday purposes, identifying actions, words and phrases that do not readily translate into English

  Elaborations

  • identifying how best to interpret key words when translating English texts into Chinese, for example, the use of 是 after first-, second- and third-person pronouns; numbers with measure words; possessives with 的; plurals
  • viewing spoken interactions in Chinese between peers or in texts (for example, viewing a segment of a movie), and interpreting the meaning of the dialogue as well as comparing and discussing culturally determined manners or behaviour displayed in the interaction
  • differentiating between word-by-word meaning and intended meaning when translating from Chinese into English, for example, the word-by-word translation of 我喜欢一个人看书 is ‘I like one person to read’, but it means ‘I like to read alone’
  • comparing own translation of short texts (such as brand names, signs, slogans and billboard advertisements) to others’, and evaluating the effectiveness of own translation
  • recognising the role that gesture plays in oral interaction, including emblematic (hand) gestures, gesturing for emphasis and encouragement, and taboos within Chinese communication, such as pointing directly at someone
  • identifying Chinese symbols in print and digital texts (for example, the longevity symbol), and developing ways to convey the culturally attached value when expressing the meaning of these symbols in English

  VCZHC039 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC073

  Compare the experiences of young Australians with those of young people in Chinese-speaking communities, reflecting on how these diverse experiences affect individuals’ identity, attitudes and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • constructing texts and participating in interactions with young Chinese which involve sharing aspects of their own identities as young Australians, for example, 中国的年轻人喜欢什么运动？澳洲人喜欢游泳、打板球和打橄榄球
  • comparing own experiences and opinions with those of Chinese youth encountered in diverse texts and contexts, for example, exploring how young people feel about school: What is universal? What is culturally specific? What is environmental? Why do we do things a particular way? 大部分澳大利亚的学生功课压力没有那么重；很多中国学生在食堂吃饭
  • viewing texts related to the experiences of young Chinese speakers (for example, 偶像剧), and discussing aspects of their life, world or values conveyed, asking, for example: What assumptions or generalisations are made? How does this impact on our perception of Chinese youth? Does this reflect the reality of Chinese youth?
  • exploring diversity within Chinese identity and becoming more aware of this when interacting with Chinese speakers, for example, understanding that calling Chinese speakers 中国人 does not reflect the diversity of Chinese speakers’ identities
  • engaging in interaction with Chinese speakers and reflecting on how their own language choices are perceived by Chinese speakers, for example: Is my communication culturally appropriate? Should I adjust language and gesture to help convey meaning more appropriately and effectively?

  VCZHC073 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCLAE016

  Read, analyse and interpret Latin texts, using vocabulary, grammar and textual cues, to engage with the Roman world

  Elaborations

  • predicting the context and content of Latin texts through initial holistic reading, by identifying key words and phrases, for example, Romani Carthaginienses valde timebant
  • inferring the meaning of new words, using knowledge of the text type and the author’s purpose and technique, for example, res, gero, rem gerere
  • investigating and explaining the effect of word order in Latin in producing emphasis and tone, such as indignation, anger, suspense, for example, qualis vir? conclamant omnes; miser Catulle
  • examining and interpreting complex sentence structures, such as conditional sentences, indirect speech and subordinate clauses, for example, adjectival, causal, purpose or result clauses, indirect questions or commands
  • reflecting on the precise use of tenses in Latin and making comparisons with English, for example, cotidie ibat; si veneris
  • explaining how the coherence of complex texts relies on devices that signal text structure and guide readers, for example, paulisper … dum … interea …; primo … deinde … tandem; non solum … verum etiam
  • investigating how different conjunctions are used in complex sentences to extend, elaborate and explain ideas, for example, in periodic sentences using quod, quamquam, cum
  • explaining allusions to historical or mythological characters which exemplify Roman values and attitudes, such as Romulus and Remus, Lucretia, Horatius, Cloelia
  • discussing conventions of Latin texts, such as letter format, for example, Marcus Quinto SPD … cura ut valeas, or metre in poetry, for example, acknowledging quantities
  • recognising positive and negative cultural connotations of concepts implicit in Latin vocabulary, for example, rex, imperium
  • analysing cultural values and attitudes embedded in language use, for example, vocabulary and expressions particular to festivals and ceremonies such as Io triumphe; ave Caesar
  • discussing the function and power of cultural representations such as symbols, for example, SPQR, aquila, fasces
  • justifying interpretations of texts, using examples or quotations from or references to the text, such as line numbers or a paraphrase of a longer section of text
  • constructing, editing and presenting interpretations of and responses to literary Latin, using ICT collaboratively

  VCLAE016 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Accessing the Roman world through Latin texts

• VCASFC111

  Communicate clearly in different classroom interactions and contexts, demonstrating appropriate protocols when communicating with each other, teachers and deaf people

  Elaborations

  • responding to multistep classroom instructions, for example:
    IN YOUR COMPUTER FINISH CLICK-ON ELAN
    Log in to your computer and then click on ELAN.
  • asking for repetition or clarification, for example:
    THAT RIGHT THAT?
    Is that right?
    PRO1 DON’T-UNDERSTAND
    I don’t get it.
  • negotiating turn-taking by using visual or tactile methods in taking or yielding a turn, for example:
    PRO2 FIRST NEXT-TURN-_{around-circle}
    You go first then we’ll take turns around the group.
  • using NMFs such as raised eyebrows to indicate interest, or head tilt to indicate lack of understanding
  • initiating protocols within the classroom such as:
    • gaining group attention through flashing lights, tapping, foot stomping and waving
    • maintaining eye gaze and back-channelling
    • positioning seating to keep visual communication clear, for example, sitting across from signers when communicating
  • following protocols and using appropriate language when using or accessing an interpreter, for example:
    SIT THERE PLEASE CAN YOU?
    Can you sit there, please?
  • following protocols for interrupting others, such as waiting for pauses in conversations and eye contact, or by using language such as:
    HOLD
    Hold that thought.
    QUICK INTERRUPT
    Can I just interrupt you quickly?
    

  VCASFC111 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC183

  Participate in extended interactions by explaining and clarifying answers, responding to others’ contributions, asking follow-up questions and observing protocols in and beyond the classroom

  Elaborations

  • contributing to discussion and debate by expressing opinions, responding to others’ perspectives and using reflective language, such as:
    NEVER THOUGHT YEAH-RIGHT
    Oh yeah, I hadn’t thought of that before.
    
  • responding to signed class and school announcements with more elaborated responses, for example:
    YES I CAN COME-TO-YOU HELP BUT CAN-NOT THURS
    Yes, I can help you with that, but not on Thursday.
    
  • commenting on information provided by others to indicate or to clarify understanding, for example:
    NOD INTERESTING
    Mmm, interesting.
    TRUE WHAT ABOUT…?
    True, but what about …?
    
  • extending discussion or debate by asking follow-up questions, clarifying their own contributions or suggesting relevant comparisons
  • organising standing or seated positions and ‘signing space’ when talking to one or more people, and adjusting the physical environment to be well-lit and without glare to enable effective communication
  • adjusting styles of communication according to situation, for example, getting someone’s attention for a non-urgent matter versus an emergency situation
  • investigating appropriate ways to join or take leave of a group interacting in Auslan and following appropriate protocols in interpreting situations outside the classroom, for example in the playground
  • sharing responsibility for providing information and context for a new participant joining a conversation

  VCASFC183 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCAMAM035

  Develop and refine media production skills using the technical and symbolic elements of images, sounds and text to represent a specific story, purpose and meaning

  Elaborations

  • creating their own media artworks that fulfil audience expectations through story structure, such as including a point of conflict, building characters and achieving a resolution
  • discussing how genres can be created through settings, images and sound, for example, creating mood and setting through images, sound and framing
  • exploring genres such as narrative, non-narrative, experimental and documentary styles, and making a trailer in a similar style
  • preparing a news story in print and for online publishing, and discussing the differences in the structure of content, meaning and delivery between the two media
  • documenting the process of making their media artwork in journals, blogs, video or audio recordings, analysing and evaluating the structural choices they made
  • analysing and evaluating the different contexts of media artworks and their effect on meaning for an audience, for example, how media artworks change when viewed outside the cultural context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  VCAMAM035 | The Arts | Media Arts | Levels 7 and 8 | Media Arts Practices

• VCAMUM030

  Develop and practise technical skills and use of expressive elements of music in singing, playing instruments, improvising, arranging and composing

  Elaborations

  • practising interpreting and applying more extended or complex rhythm patterns and overlaying patterns
  • making choices about how to interpret graphic and conventional forms of notation
  • exploring rhythm, pitch, texture and expressive elements, for example, dynamics, tone colour or articulation to create contrast, repetition and balance in improvisations, arrangements and compositions
  • using technology to monitor progress in learning and rehearsing music they have composed, for example, using a mobile device to record a work or using a checklist to evaluate how well the music is achieving intended effects
  • using listening responses to guide development of compositions and performances, for example, what evidence supports your decisions about the way dynamics should be used in this performance?, how can dynamics be indicated in this score?

  VCAMUM030 | The Arts | Music | Levels 5 and 6 | Music Practices

• VCARC180

  Reflect on how meanings vary according to cultural assumptions that Arabic and English speakers bring to interactions, and take responsibility for contributing to mutual understanding

  Elaborations

  • considering how being bilingual offers additional ways of interpreting the world and representing experience
  • challenging cultural assumptions and offering different perspectives to new cultural contexts or situations, for example, the idea that all Arabic-speaking people dress the same or eat the same food, many Arabic speakers speak more than two languages, every Middle Eastern country has its cultural uniqueness
  • identifying moments of embarrassment or communication breakdown in own intercultural interactions, exploring reasons for these and suggesting adjustments that could be made to enhance mutual understanding, for example, explaining to a non-Arabic speaker that exposing the sole of your foot/shoe to a person’s face would be considered extremely bad manners and interpreted as a grievous insult
  • discussing elements of successful intercultural communication, for example, attentive listening and objectivity when discussing social issues, and understanding that mediating and negotiating differences in perspective can prevent and resolve interpersonal problems and conflicts

  VCARC180 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCASFC152

  Translate high-frequency signs/words and expressions in simple texts such as repeated lines in a story, noticing which ones are difficult to interpret

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading of texts such as the Auslan–English versions of ‘The Wrong Book’ and answering questions about unfamiliar signs and word/sign matches and mismatches in the text
  • identifying and comparing key signs and words in Auslan and English versions of favourite stories, for example, ‘The Three Little Pigs’ and ‘The Old Woman Who Swallowed a Fly’, noticing how signs can represent concepts which might not have a direct match in English
  • translating popular children’s songs into Auslan, for example, ‘Happy Birthday’
  • playing matching-pair games with Auslan sign-image flashcards and English flashcards, for example, matching cards associated with weather or animals in both languages
  • collecting and noting a list of gestures commonly used by hearing people when speaking English that have similar meaning when used in Auslan, for example, head nodding, shoulder shrugging, pointing to watch

  VCASFC152 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC167

  Convey information in different formats to suit different audiences and contexts

  Elaborations

  • assembling an information pack about their school to support newly arrived deaf students, including a signed glossary of key people and places and simple directions to navigate the school
  • creating a rehearsed digital report/reflection in Auslan for a school website on the experience of interacting with Deaf visitors
  • presenting information for Deaf visitors at a school open day about significant school or community events, such as festivals or sports carnivals
  • presenting information using visual support to engage the interest of the wider school community in a selected Deaf organisation or community activity
  • explaining a favourite game that can be played in Auslan or English, highlighting key Auslan terms and supporting information with pictures, gestures and demonstrations
  • planning, rehearsing and delivering short presentations about their use of Auslan in different contexts, taking into account context, purpose and audience
  • explaining a procedural text to the class, such as a recipe

  VCASFC167 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC168

  Engage with a range of creative and imaginative texts, identifying and discussing ideas and characters and making connections with their own experiences

  Elaborations

  • viewing a signed narrative text and responding by drawing a storyboard that identifies and sequences key events
  • viewing a theatre performance designed for a deaf audience and sharing their reactions to the experience of viewing a theatre performance designed for a deaf audience
  • comparing their reactions to imaginative texts that evoke positive or negative emotional responses, making connections with experiences in their own lives that have produced similar feelings
  • engaging with different examples of Deaf humour, such as Deaf jokes, and comparing them with examples of humour in spoken English or in silent films or mime
  • shadowing signed elements of theatrical or cinematographic texts that use handshapes, such as the scene with hand-faces in the film Labyrinth
  • tracking and reflecting on the experiences of deaf dancers and choreographers, for example as contestants in shows such as So You Think You Can Dance

  VCASFC168 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFU195

  Expand understanding of grammatical features and cohesive devices used in a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts designed to suit different audiences, contexts and purposes

  Elaborations

  • noticing that differing purposes in text creation result in differing types and amounts of signing, for example, the amount of fingerspelling used in a public lecture compared to in a private conversation
  • identifying linguistic structures and features typically associated with texts such as casual conversations, for example the use of back-channels or hesitations
  • applying knowledge of the choices a signer can make in texts, for example by comparing two signers’ texts about the same topic and evaluating the different choices they have made in terms of enacting through DSs or CA
  • analysing the effect of a signer’s use of pausing in a description or information report
  • noticing how signers construct cohesive and coherent texts through the use of text connectives such as BUT and G:WELL to create links between clauses

  VCASFU195 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU087

  Understand the interrelationship between text types, linguistic features, cohesive devices, audience, context and purpose

  Elaborations

  • analysing expository texts, identifying characteristic language elements and features
  • analysing a videoed class debate to identify how language is used to justify opinions and persuade others
  • analysing an Auslan text in depth, for example by identifying characteristic features of the particular text type and discussing how language choices are made to take account of a text’s intended audience and purpose
  • noticing how grammatical choices shade meaning, reflect perspective and establish relationship between text participants, for example choosing to be more or less English-like in a particular context or relationship
  • noticing how signers can compare or contrast ideas by locating things in the same or opposing sides of signing space
  • applying knowledge of ellipsis to achieve cohesion

  VCASFU087 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU249

  Explore the relationship between particular text types, audience, purpose and context and analyse language features used by signers to create cohesion and achieve the purpose of the text

  Elaborations

  • analysing a videoed class debate to see how language is used to justify opinions and to persuade others
  • conducting an in-depth analysis of a selected sign text, taking into account audience, purpose and topic to explain language choices made by the signer
  • expanding understanding of textual conventions, for example by explaining why signers choose alternatives to actor-verb-undergoer in a real text to topicalise the important point
  • noticing how signers can compare or contrast ideas by locating things in the same or opposing sides of signing space
  • noticing how signers construct cohesive and coherent texts through the use of text connectives such as lexical signs THEN or G:WELL or NMFs and pausing
  • identifying all the ways a signer refers to the same referent throughout a text to create cohesion

  VCASFU249 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU212

  Understand and describe complex grammatical structures combining depicting signs, constructed action and various clauses for a range of language functions, such as interaction, narration or description

  Elaborations

  • recognising signs that function as interjections or discourse markers
  • understanding the difference between definite and indefinite reference and how Auslan shows this distinction
  • noticing how to use modal verbs and NMFs to express possibility, obligation and ability (MIGHT, SHOULD)
  • recognising that conditional forms have a main and dependent clause and associated NMFs
  • identifying coordinated clauses showing causation and describing how it is shown, for example:
    PRO3 STUDY-_hard BECAUSE WANT EXAM MARKS GOOD
  • recognising how emphasis in sentences can be changed by reordering clauses or parts of clauses
  • recognising that the presence of CA or DSs affects how a clause is structured

  VCASFU212 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU105

  Recognise similarities and differences in language features of different types of texts, and notice how signers build cohesion in texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts are made up of one or more clauses, which have one or more signs in them, which together make meaning
  • looking at short recounts or narratives in Auslan and identifying information necessary to communicate with others such as who was involved or when and where the event happened
  • recognising that different signed texts serve different purposes and discussing and comparing these purposes, for example, a procedure is to explain how, a narrative is to entertain
  • identifying how signers use space to track participants through a text, for example by pointing back to an established location to refer to a noun referent
  • identifying the many ways signers can refer to the same referent in a text, for example by using DSs, points or list buoys, and noticing how such strategies help maintain interest and support understanding

  VCASFU105 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language