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• VCSSU056

  Science knowledge helps people to understand the effects of their actions

  Elaborations

  • considering how the use of materials including solids and liquids can affect the environment in different ways, for example, fertilisers and food and drink containers
  • exploring how science has contributed to understanding and resolving issues related to the effects of human activities, for example, clearing of bushland to build housing and roads and management of waste
  • investigating how people can use science to select appropriate materials for their work, for example, builders, clothing designers, engineers, gardeners and chefs

  VCSSU056 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU031

  Science is about exploring the world around me

  Elaborations

  • recognising that structured investigations help us understand objects and the world around us
  • exploring and observing using different senses
  • working with others to observe and manipulate objects used in everyday life

  VCSSU031 | Science | Level D | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU089

  Scientific knowledge and understanding of the world changes as new evidence becomes available; science knowledge can develop through collaboration and connecting ideas across the disciplines and practice of science

  Elaborations

  • investigating how advances in telescopes and space probes have provided new evidence about space
  • investigating how the development of microscopes has changed understanding of cell function and malfunction, and how this has led to improved medical treatments for disease
  • investigating how knowledge of the location and extraction of mineral resources relies on expertise from across the disciplines of science
  • considering how advances in technology, combined with scientific understanding of the functioning of body systems, has enabled organ repair and replacement
  • investigating how land management practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can help inform sustainable management of the environment

  VCSSU089 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU041

  People use science in their daily lives

  Elaborations

  • monitoring information about the environment and Earth's resources, for example, rainfall, water levels and temperature
  • identifying the ways humans manage and protect resources, for example, reducing waste and conserving water

  VCSSU041 | Science | Foundation to Level 2 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCFRC020

  Make statements, ask questions and collaborate in shared tasks such as science experiments, cooking or craft activities, building collections or swapping items

  Elaborations

  • making simple recipes such as crêpes or croques monsieur, using imperative verb forms (ajoutez, mélangez, versez, servez) and vocabulary for ingredients and quantities (la farine, le beurre, le lait, 100 grammes, un verre de...)
  • creating own instructional or procedural tasks such as making a model or designing treasure hunts, for example, Où se cache le trésor?
  • playing games that involve active listening, memory or information exchange, for example, Jacques a dit, Jeu de 7 familles, Loto
  • working together in collaborative tasks such as designing a poster for a specific event, composing a menu or creating a picture book, sharing decisions about content, vocabulary and design, for example, ceci ou cela? qu’est-ce que tu préfères? là ou là? petit ou grand?
  • swapping or borrowing from each other’s language resources such as word lists to complete shared learning tasks, for example, building an action wall or making adjective-snake-sentences (le chien est: petit, noir, fatigué, triste; Maman est: grande, mince, belle, gentille)

  VCFRC020 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIC020

  Participate in shared learning activities and transactions, such as science experiments, cooking or craft activities, creating displays or swapping items

  Elaborations

  • negotiating roles and responsibilities when collaborating in shared learning experiences, using expressions such as थोड़ा मैं लिखता हूँ बाकी तुम लिखो। मैं काटता हूँ, तुम चिपकाओ। वाह! यह अच्छी बात है। क्या तुम कम्प्यूटर पर काम करना चाहते हो?
  • making shared decisions about content, vocabulary and design when working together to create digital displays or posters for special events, such as स्वतंत्रता दिवस; पर्यावरण दिवस; वार्षिक खेल दिवस; स्वच्छता अभियान
  • following procedures/giving instructions for activities such as cooking, craft activities or science experiments, using language forms such as imperative verbs and measurement terms, for example, 100 ग्राम आटा, सबसे पहले पानी मिलाओ; कढ़ाई में तेल गरम करो; एक चम्मच नमक डालो; गोल कागज़ काटो; बीच से मोड़ो; धागे से बाँधो
  • using tokens that represent Indian and Australian currencies to carry out simulated transactions in different contexts

  VCHIC020 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRC019

  Participate in shared learning experiences and transactions, such as science experiments, cooking or craft activities, creating displays or swapping items

  Elaborations

  • working together on collaborative activities such as designing posters or menus for special events, planning puppet shows or creating picture books for ‘buddy’ classes, negotiating and making decisions about content, vocabulary and design, for example, Kim Karagöz olmak ister? Kuklaları kartondan yapalım. Doğum günü davetiyesini kim yazacak? Ben pastayı getiririm
  • working with visual, print and digital modes of expression to create texts such as invitations to a party, performance, class or community event, for example, bayram eğlencesi, yıl sonu eğlencesi
  • composing instructions for simple recipes such as kısır or çoban salatası, using imperative verb forms such as yıka, doğra, karıştır and language for quantifying ingredients, for example, 3 domates, bir demet maydanoz, 100 gram peynir
  • conducting simple science experiments that involve asking and answering factual questions and recording basic results
  • participating in group interactions such as role plays or simple interviews that involve asking and responding to questions or invitations and providing insights to cultural experience or values, for example, misafir ağırlamak, huzurevinde yaşlıları ziyaret etmek
  • participating in real or imagined transactions that involve requesting information, considering options and buying or selling, for example, Elmanın kilosu ne kadar? Bana bir porsiyon köfte, yanına da piyaz lütfen
  • following instructions to create craft, artworks and designs adapted from Türk el sanatları, such as ebru sanatı, hat sanatı, halıcılık, çinicilik , for example, boya, kes, katla, yapıştır

  VCTRC019 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCSSU090

  Science and technology contribute to finding solutions to a range of contemporary issues; these solutions may impact on other areas of society and involve ethical considerations

  Elaborations

  • considering decisions made in relation to the recycling of greywater and blackwater
  • investigating strategies implemented to maintain part of the local environment, such as bushland, a beach, a lake, a desert or a shoreline
  • investigating the development of vehicles over time, including the application of science and technology to the designs of solar-powered or electric vehicles
  • relating regulations about wearing seatbelts or safety helmets to knowledge of forces and motion
  • discussing ethical issues that arise from organ transplantation

  VCSSU090 | Science | Levels 7 and 8 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSSU115

  Advances in scientific understanding often rely on developments in technology and technological advances are often linked to scientific discoveries

  Elaborations

  • considering how the properties of electromagnetic radiation relate to its uses, for example, radar, medical diagnosis and treatment, mobile phone communications and microwave cooking
  • considering how information technology can be applied to different areas of science, for example, bioinformatics, the Square Kilometre Array, DNA sequencing and the analysis of radio astronomy signals
  • considering how computer modelling and imaging technologies has improved knowledge and predictability of phenomena, for example, climate change, atmospheric pollution, plate tectonic movement, and body system functions and interactions

  VCSSU115 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Science as a human endeavour

• VCSIS088

  Communicate ideas and processes using evidence to develop explanations of events and phenomena and to identify simple cause-and-effect relationships

  Elaborations

  • discussing how models represent scientific ideas and constructing physical models to demonstrate an aspect of scientific understanding
  • using a variety of communication modes, for example, reports, explanations, arguments, debates and procedural accounts, to communicate science ideas
  • using labelled diagrams, including cross-sectional representations, to communicate ideas and processes

  VCSIS088 | Science | Levels 5 and 6 | Science Inquiry Skills | Communicating

• VCGRCU026

  Understand that Greek became the dominant language of the ancient Mediterranean world and facilitated the spread of Greek civilisation and culture, and that Classical Greek continues to enrich English through specialist vocabulary and abstract concepts embodied in the language

  Elaborations

  • recognising that, from the Hellenistic period onwards, Koine Greek developed from Classical Greek to become the lingua franca of Eastern Mediterranean lands and the language of the New Testament
  • discussing the spread of Greek influence across the Mediterranean and Black Sea, including the use of Greek as the common language for government, trade, commerce, education and law
  • investigating how the Greek language allowed the spread of innovative Greek ideas in the areas of science, medicine, mathematics, historiography, geography and philosophy, for example, μαθηματικά, γεωγραφία, ἱστορία, φιλοσοφία
  • recognising that there were many dialects of Greek spoken in antiquity, such as Doric, Aeolic, Arcado–Cypriot
  • exploring famous centres of Greek learning and culture such as Alexandria, Antioch and Ephesus
  • recognising the spread of Greek ideas in the Roman world, shown by the use of borrowed Greek vocabulary in Latin to denote such concepts as stadium, palaestra, rhetor theatrum, comedia, stoica, philosophia
  • exploring abstract concepts derived from Classical Greek, such as philanthropy, idol, autonomy, paradox, aesthetics, nostalgia, agony
  • exploring and discussing the meaning of Classical Greek sayings used in literature, such as μηδὲν ἄγαν, γνῶθι σαυτόν, μολὼν λαβέ
  • recognising words in English that are a hybrid of Classical Greek and Latin, for example, metalanguage, quantum physics, teleconference, television, automobile
  • discussing Classical Greek derivatives that are used in fields such as business and education, for example, macroeconomics, monopoly, pedagogy, syllabus
  • examining the Classical Greek roots of English words in subjects across the school curriculum, such as theorem, metaphor, photosynthesis, chlorine, atom, planet, geophysical, ecosystem, orchestra, music, scene, dialogue, chorus, athletics
  • identifying Classical Greek roots in English scientific, technical and medical terminology, for example, catalyst, aerodynamic, pathogen, bacteria, atherosclerosis, acne, asthma, chromatography, symmetry, thermometer, seismic
  • exploring how Classical Greek is used to coin terms for new technology and new discoveries in science and medicine in the modern world, such as gigabyte, nanotechnology, antioxidant, polymer, genotype, triglyceride
  • applying knowledge of Classical Greek to form plurals of borrowed English words, for example, criterion/criteria, phenomenon/phenomena, crisis/crises, thesis/theses, stigma/stigmata
  • discussing the enduring use of Classical Greek in religious contexts, for example, κύριε ἐλέησον, Χριστὀς, ἐκκλησία, βάπτισμα, συναγωγή, κλῆρος, ἄγγελος, πρεσβύτερος, ὕμνος, βίβλος, εὐαγγέλιον

  VCGRCU026 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• VCLAU026

  Understand that Latin became the official language of the Roman empire and facilitated the spread of Roman civilisation and culture, and that Latin continues to enrich English through specialist vocabulary and abstract concepts embodied in the language

  Elaborations

  • recognising that, as the Roman world expanded, Latin became the language of communication, trade, administration, education and law throughout its sphere of influence
  • exploring the role of Latin in the process of Romanisation, and its influence on local languages
  • discussing the impact on people and their lives in Roman provinces, with Latin as the common language, and Roman infrastructure such as aqueducts, sewers, roads and shipping, safe trade routes, standardised currency and weights and measures
  • recognising the spread of ancient Greek ideas through Latin, such as the use of Greek vocabulary and concepts in literature and philosophy, for example, stadium, rhetor, theatrum, poeta, stoica, philosophia
  • exploring abstract concepts derived from Latin, such as justice, liberty, republic, fraternity, charity, genius, piety
  • recognising terms in English that are hybrids of Classical Greek and Latin, for example, metalanguage, quantum physics, teleconference
  • discussing Latin words and expressions that are used in fields such as law, business and education, for example, de facto, non sequitur, agenda, forum, curriculum
  • examining the Latin roots of English words in subjects across the school curriculum, for example, technical vocabulary related to reporting research, such as ibid and stet
  • identifying Latin roots in English scientific, technical and medical terminology, for example, genus, species; computer, data, accumulator, super conductor, cellular differentiation, quantum teleportation; cancer, cannula, defibrillator, incision, amputation
  • exploring how Latin is used to coin terms for new technology and new discoveries in science and medicine in the modern world, such as internet, Trojan (horse), forum, virus
  • applying knowledge of Latin to form and explain plurals of English words borrowed from Latin, for example, indices, media, vertebrae, curricula, alumni
  • exploring mottoes and inscriptions, such as per ardua ad astra or mens sana in corpore sano, and discussing their relevance in the modern world
  • investigating the enduring nature and use of Latin in academic and religious ceremonies, for example, summa cum laude, honoris causa, gaudeamus igitur or pater noster

  VCLAU026 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | The powerful influence of language and culture

• VCEALA034

  Understand the direction of English text

  Elaborations

  • holding a book with the correct orientation and locating the front and back of the book
  • tracking with finger from left to right when reading or listening to a text being read aloud
  • turning to the correct page at the appropriate time, based on tracking reading or imitating the actions of others

  VCEALA034 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA035

  Understand that texts are meaningful

  Elaborations

  • recognising that everyday texts are meaningful, for example asking the teacher to read a sign aloud
  • showing awareness that print and visual texts are created to share a message
  • understanding that print texts contain a consistent message, for example indicating when the ending of a well-known story varies
  • understanding that different texts have different purposes, including picture books, class blogs, reports
  • selecting from familiar texts to achieve a specific purpose, for example ‘Which chart tells us about time?’
  • recalling the key message of sections of a familiar text that is revisited in class

  VCEALA035 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Reading and Viewing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALC005

  Understand a simple spoken text

  Elaborations

  • listening to a long text with visual support, such as instructions for and a demonstration of a game or art activity
  • recognising familiar vocabulary, for example animal names, colours, time markers
  • identifying single items of information from short spoken texts, such as a number, colour, name
  • answering specific questions about the spoken text that are based on familiar question stems such as ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘When’

  VCEALC005 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALC569

  Demonstrate understanding by performing a task

  Elaborations

  • following print instructions to conduct a simple task or experiment
  • dramatising or drawing parts of a story
  • answering simple questions, indicating true/false statements or sequencing information

  VCEALC569 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Reading and Viewing | Communication

• VCEALC244

  Understand the language of classroom routines

  Elaborations

  • understanding common classroom action verbs such as ‘sit’, ‘collect’, ‘pack up’
  • following simple task instructions by relying on key words or phrases in context
  • making simple requests and expressing needs, thoughts and opinions

  VCEALC244 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL650

  Understand the function of punctuation marks

  Elaborations

  • identifying a range of punctuation marks in text, for example full stops, commas, question marks, quotation marks, semicolons
  • attending to punctuation marks when reading aloud, for example pausing at appropriate points in the text, adjusting speech to reflect dialogue

  VCEALL650 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C2 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL771

  Demonstrate understanding of complex language

  Elaborations

  • understanding sentences containing complex features (such as embedded clauses, noun groups and modality), for example ‘If the temperature rises, the polar caps may melt, resulting in …’
  • connecting and transforming simple sentences using a range of grammatical structures to create extended compound and complex sentences

  VCEALL771 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Reading and Viewing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCESU178

  Understand the dynamic nature of languages

  Elaborations

  • identifying Spanish words borrowed from different languages across time and through political, historical and social changes, for example, words of Arabic origin that start with the prefix al-, such as almanaque, alcachofa, algodón, álgebra and alcohol, and some common interjections also derived from Arabic, such as ¡hola!, ¡ojalá! and ¡olé!
  • identifying the movement of language elements across and between times and contexts, such as words adopted into Spanish from indigenous languages and then exported to other languages, for example, words of Náhuatl origin such as aguacate, chocolate, cacao, chile, chicle and guacamole
  • noticing components of Spanish language that reflect particular cultural histories and influences, such as technological and scientific terms derived from classical Latin and Greek, for example, continente, vegetación, bacteria, biología, protocolo and mecánico
  • collecting English cognates in the Spanish language, for example, fascinante, arquitectura, doctor, enciclopedia, cancelar and bicicleta
  • analysing the influence of Spanish language and culture on English in areas such as food, music and dance, for example, (churros, tortilla, pupusas, tapas, salsa, flamenco) and considering the value of this influence
  • investigating the impact of media and technology on Spanish, for example, Los niños quieren chatear con su primo gallego and, el dopaje, el escáner

  VCESU178 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change