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• VCCCTR059

  Exposure to meaning through practical application and example in everyday experiences

  Elaborations

  • beginning to use past experience to predict their preference, for example smile when they see their parent, reaching towards a preferred object
  • developing and refining reactions and responses based on adult feedback, for example developing a noise, action or gesture to gain attention

  VCCCTR059 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Level A | Reasoning

• VCCCTR006

  Consider how reasons and examples are used to support a point of view and illustrate meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing a reason supported by an example and one without an example to show how examples help to clarify meaning
  • identifying how curiosity about the past compared to the present, can lead to seeking reasons and supporting examples
  • investigating how reasons can assist in decision-making between alternatives, for example discussing preferences for different data displays and how giving reasons for preferences assists with the final decision

  VCCCTR006 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Reasoning

• VCECU001

  Explore the meaning of right and wrong, good and bad, as concepts concerned with the outcomes of acts

  Elaborations

  • exploring how the terms good, bad, right and wrong are used in different ways and identifying whether these are concerned with ethical outcomes, for example, ‘she is good at kicking a football’, ‘he is a good person’, ’this is a good drawing/design solution’, ‘it is wrong to give money to a beggar’, ‘winning was good’
  • using the term ‘good’, ‘bad’, ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ to describe a choice and exploring whether this reflects consideration of a likely outcome, for example, identifying a game rule ‘youngest goes first’ as a good or bad rule of a game and examining if the reasons are influenced by perception of the outcome

  VCECU001 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding Concepts

• VCICCD011

  Identify barriers to and means of reaching understandings within and between culturally diverse groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring language variation within Australia, such as the different terms for a swimming costume (togs, cozzies or swimmers), or the practice of using diminutives, such as Aussie (Australian), sanga (sandwich) and footy (football)
  • exploring potential barriers to intercultural understanding, language for example, and discussing possible ways to address or reduce barriers, such as Government agencies using translation services including Auslan and closed captioning
  • brainstorming a list of questions students might ask a student in another country, and then identifying whether any of the questions may be uncomfortable for the person asking or responding
  • using a current global issue to investigate a range of positive and negative cultural stereotypes and generalisations and identifying how they can be challenged
  • exploring the view of Australia as a successful multicultural country and discussing potential impacts of the strengthening or weakening of this view, for example, events that help to foster inclusiveness or that may trigger an increase in racial intolerance

  VCICCD011 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Cultural Diversity

• VCNRC076

  Translate and analyse a range of texts comparing interpretations and explaining differences in meaning

  Elaborations

  • exchanging translations of familiar texts with peers, through email or shared spaces such as ePals, and discussing different versions in order to develop a whole-class translation
  • translating, analysing and explaining expressions and idioms encountered in texts, finding ways to convey the meaning and cultural significance
  • translating stories for others, analysing how words can have different meanings when used in different ways in a sentence and explaining the differences to others
  • translating texts to identify and evaluate cultural elements and influences, for example, proverbs and sayings

  VCNRC076 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCECD012

  Explore the significance of ‘means versus ends’ by considering two ways to act when presented with a problem: one that privileges means and one ends

  Elaborations

  • investigating a choice such as posting an image of a friend and justifying why someone should or should not post the image, in terms of means and ends
  • responding to a range of ethical dilemmas and comparing responses that focus on means (where the most important consideration is the action itself, such as being honest regardless of the consequences) and responses that focus on ends (where the most important consideration is the likely outcome, such as making someone happy even if it means lying to them)
  • analysing the position 'the end justifies the means' and the tension between means and ends in different contexts, for example, experimentation on people or other animals, the collection and use of data, making consumer decisions, selecting/training teams in sport or making civic decisions such as removing homeless people from areas during an event

  VCECD012 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Decision Making and Actions

• VCECU009

  Examine the contested meaning of concepts including truth and happiness and the extent to which these concepts are and should be valued

  Elaborations

  • using ethical dilemmas, as a prompt for exploring whether it is ever desirable to lie, for example, lying to protect a friend from getting into trouble, to stop someone’s feelings being hurt, or about an injury in order to get picked for a team
  • asking a range of people what their views on happiness are, how important it is and what is necessary for happiness
  • investigating whether everyone should have the right to be happy and if so, whether this is possible, using as stimulus issues of treatment of prisoners or bullies, or how much the wealthy should help the poor or the strong the weak

  VCECU009 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU004

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including fairness and harm and how they can seem to differ in different situations

  Elaborations

  • testing a proposed definition of fairness as equal treatment by considering whether an older sibling should do more at home or whether there should be special parking places
  • testing a proposed definition of harm as involving a deliberate intention that caused mental or physical suffering, by considering whether an accidental injury to someone on the playground is harmful or whether taking offence to teasing or a joke is a choice
  • exploring the concept of fairness by setting a task where resources are distributed unevenly and reflecting on the desirability of the outcomes

  VCECU004 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding Concepts

• VCECU014

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including freedom, justice, and rights and responsibilities, and the extent they are and should be valued by different individuals and groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of justice by proposing and evaluating criteria that might be used for justice, such as what is deserved, adherence to laws or maximising the common good
  • comparing and evaluating two conceptions of freedom: the absence of anything that prevents you achieving what you want, and the ability to control your own interests (self- determination); and whether the harm principle should be used to limit freedom, as part of a study of an issue concerning freedom of speech, or freedom of action (such as restrictions to gambling or alcohol consumption)
  • using a range of examples, such as drink driving, to examine whether there are more important rights and responsibilities than others, whether rights are means or ends and the extent to which reasons involving rights do and should outweigh other reasons for actions

  VCECU014 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding Concepts

• VCNRC077

  Create a range of bilingual texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, reflecting on how meaning can be conveyed effectively

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual texts for speakers of the target language in Australia, for example, leaflets promoting the arrival of a famous performer or sports team from a country where the language is spoken
  • creating bilingual texts, such as a children’s story to read to primary school children and comparing aspects of language and culture and discussing with peers and teachers how meaning can be conveyed effectively
  • producing bilingual texts such as articles and brochures for different contexts and purposes, and reflecting on the process of working in both the target language and English for example, an information leaflet for exchange students coming to Australia or for a student study tour to a place where the target language is spoken
  • corresponding with peers who speak the language being studied to compare experiences and attitudes, making choices about how to represent intended meaning, for example, exchanging views and opinions about school subjects and future aspirations

  VCNRC077 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU081

  Understand and apply grammatical structures recognising that they serve particular functions and that grammatical choices shape meaning

  Elaborations

  • choosing appropriate terms to describe events across time (present, past and future) and choosing appropriate tense
  • using a range of adverbs and adjectives to modify and intensify meaning
  • using cohesive devices such as conjunctions to link, clarify and sequence ideas and modify meaning in written and spoken texts
  • seeking information using a range of questions
  • continuing to build a metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and develop learning resources for example, verb charts, vocabulary lists, groups of pronouns, adverbs or adjectives

  VCNRU081 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCPSCSE027

  Describe what it means to be confident, adaptable and persistent and why these attributes are important in dealing with new or challenging situations

  Elaborations

  • responding to the statement that ‘playing sport develops confidence, adaptability and persistence’
  • sharing and discussing ideas about how people respond to new or challenging situations, such as changing school, and describing what it means to be resilient
  • in relation to a fairy tale, identifying when the characters were being confident, adaptable and/or persistent and explaining your reasons

  VCPSCSE027 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Self-Awareness and Management | Development of resilience

• VCNRC060

  Create texts in the language being studied and English, such as menus, posters or brochures on the same theme or event, and provide subtitles, captions or commentaries in either language to assist meaning

  Elaborations

  • working individually and collaboratively to create bilingual resources for the home and school environments, such as glossaries, signage, recipes and menus
  • creating English subtitles, footnotes, captions or commentaries for texts such as brochures, video clips, or advertisements that inform the school community about aspects of the culture of the target language
  • creating glossaries, tourist brochures or itineraries for English-speaking travellers to countries where the language is spoken including and explaining key words, phrases and protocol
  • creating vocabulary lists and annotated cultural explanations for target language-speaking visitors to events such as Australian sports days or family events, explaining culturally specific elements, for example, Australian Rules Football Final, Anzac Day, Harmony Day, BBQ

  VCNRC060 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRC059

  Translate texts from the language being studied to English and vice versa, interpreting meaning and identifying words or expressions of specific cultural significance in the language

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting expressions used in routine exchanges in familiar settings and making comparisons with similar exchanges in English
  • translating texts, such as short video clips (without subtitles), posters, advertisements, signs and symbols such as emoticons, and explaining cultural aspects using subtitles, captions, gestures and commentaries
  • using dictionaries and other translation tools, exploring ways of avoiding literal translations that do not reflect intended meaning
  • comparing translations and interpretations of texts such as songs and advertisements, noticing similarities and differences and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCNRC059 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU049

  Understand the importance of register in a range of contexts and situations, such as at home, at school or in more formal situations

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate language according to age, gender, relationship and social status when meeting people for the first time or when introducing friends, teachers or other adults
  • reflecting on the use of colloquial or abbreviated language in technologically mediated contexts, for example by email or phone

  VCNRU049 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRC025

  Translate and interpret words, phrases and sentences used in familiar environments such as school and home, recognising how they may have similar or different meanings to words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • playing matching games with word cards, for example, days of the week, months, seasons or vocabulary associated with weather
  • translating simple sentences, such as requests in the classroom, to understand the gist, noticing how meaning changes when translating into English
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts into English, for example, street signs, addresses, food labels, noting that some signs and symbols are universal, for example, the ‘stop’ sign

  VCNRC025 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRC042

  Translate simple texts from the language being studied to English and vice versa, identifying words and expressions that do not always translate literally and may have more than one meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing translations of written texts such as advertisements, websites, food packaging and menus, and considering how meanings may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • translating simple sentences, noticing that there is not always word-for-word equivalence
  • recognising that some words cannot be translated into English without losing some of the meaning, or cannot be translated using only one word
  • identifying and explaining expressions and idioms that do not make sense when translated word-for-word
  • explaining to the teacher, peers and family how some words may have many different meanings

  VCNRC042 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU102

  Identify connections between language, culture and communication, recognising how communication styles and practices vary across cultures and how intercultural exchange involves the exchange of meaning as well as words

  Elaborations

  • investigating own personal and community practices to identify connections with the target language and culture, for example, in cooking, sport, music, dance or technology
  • discussing elements of culture and their significance in reflecting values, attitudes and traditions
  • discussing, questioning and explaining understanding of own and other cultures, and considering how attitudes towards diversity and difference affect communication
  • examining culturally specific terms developing appropriate explanations for them and discussing equivalent terms in other languages

  VCNRU102 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• Ethical Capability: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students explain connections and distinctions between ethical concepts, identifying areas of contestability in their meanings and relative value.

  Students analyse and evaluate contested approaches to thinking about consequences and duties in relation to ethical issues. They...

  Level description | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 9 and 10

• Ethical Capability: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students use concrete examples from a range of contexts to explain the contested meaning of concepts and significance of acts. They explain how to identify ethical considerations in problems.

  Students use examples to evaluate ethical actions in relation to their outcomes....

  Level description | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 3 and 4