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• VCNRU099

  Recognise and understand characteristic features of common types of text, comparing them with equivalent texts in English

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts in the language with English versions and identifying similarities and differences, for example, postcards, diary entries, emails or a note to a friend
  • identifying characteristic features of familiar text types such as signs, instructions, songs, advertisements and invitations, and noting differences in expression and levels of formality, for example, a wedding invitation or a clothing sale at a store
  • transforming a simple text, such as a short song, into another text type, for example, a conversation or cartoon, applying the key features of the second text type and making comparisons with transforming a similar text in English

  VCNRU099 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU097

  Identify similarities and differences between the phonological and orthographic systems of English and the language being studied

  Elaborations

  • using the language alphabet, making connections between spoken and written forms, and recognising similarities and differences to the English alphabet
  • developing and using pronunciation and reproducing sounds in the target language
  • using the language alphabet for spelling out names and other words
  • developing awareness of the sounds, rhythms and intonation patterns in the language being studied
  • understanding and using punctuation particular to the language

  VCNRU097 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRC060

  Create texts in the language being studied and English, such as menus, posters or brochures on the same theme or event, and provide subtitles, captions or commentaries in either language to assist meaning

  Elaborations

  • working individually and collaboratively to create bilingual resources for the home and school environments, such as glossaries, signage, recipes and menus
  • creating English subtitles, footnotes, captions or commentaries for texts such as brochures, video clips, or advertisements that inform the school community about aspects of the culture of the target language
  • creating glossaries, tourist brochures or itineraries for English-speaking travellers to countries where the language is spoken including and explaining key words, phrases and protocol
  • creating vocabulary lists and annotated cultural explanations for target language-speaking visitors to events such as Australian sports days or family events, explaining culturally specific elements, for example, Australian Rules Football Final, Anzac Day, Harmony Day, BBQ

  VCNRC060 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRC059

  Translate texts from the language being studied to English and vice versa, interpreting meaning and identifying words or expressions of specific cultural significance in the language

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting expressions used in routine exchanges in familiar settings and making comparisons with similar exchanges in English
  • translating texts, such as short video clips (without subtitles), posters, advertisements, signs and symbols such as emoticons, and explaining cultural aspects using subtitles, captions, gestures and commentaries
  • using dictionaries and other translation tools, exploring ways of avoiding literal translations that do not reflect intended meaning
  • comparing translations and interpretations of texts such as songs and advertisements, noticing similarities and differences and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCNRC059 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU050

  Explore the influence of the language being studied on the English language and how the language being studied has been influenced by the impact of new technologies and knowledge

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar words in the language and recognising their English equivalents
  • using knowledge of familiar patterns and structures to decode and interpret meaning
  • understanding that English words may be found in the language, but that equivalents in the language to these terms often also exist

  VCNRU050 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRC025

  Translate and interpret words, phrases and sentences used in familiar environments such as school and home, recognising how they may have similar or different meanings to words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • playing matching games with word cards, for example, days of the week, months, seasons or vocabulary associated with weather
  • translating simple sentences, such as requests in the classroom, to understand the gist, noticing how meaning changes when translating into English
  • translating signs or phrases in familiar contexts into English, for example, street signs, addresses, food labels, noting that some signs and symbols are universal, for example, the ‘stop’ sign

  VCNRC025 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRC042

  Translate simple texts from the language being studied to English and vice versa, identifying words and expressions that do not always translate literally and may have more than one meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing translations of written texts such as advertisements, websites, food packaging and menus, and considering how meanings may be interpreted from a different cultural perspective
  • translating simple sentences, noticing that there is not always word-for-word equivalence
  • recognising that some words cannot be translated into English without losing some of the meaning, or cannot be translated using only one word
  • identifying and explaining expressions and idioms that do not make sense when translated word-for-word
  • explaining to the teacher, peers and family how some words may have many different meanings

  VCNRC042 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU083

  Analyse culturally specific ways of interacting in the language being studied and how and why language use varies according to cultural contexts, considering why these interactions differ from those in English or in other languages

  Elaborations

  • comparing texts created for different audiences, such as advertisements, brochures and signs, noticing how language use reflects ideas and messages that are relevant to a particular audience
  • investigating the nature and use of the target language in different contexts of interaction, reflecting on similarities and differences to interactions in English or other languages
  • identifying English words in the language being studied and discussing their emergence and use

  VCNRU083 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU016

  Recognise that Australia has speakers of many different languages, including the language being studied, and that languages borrow words from each other and sometimes use the same alphabet symbols and vocabulary

  Elaborations

  • understanding and recognising, where applicable, the similar order of letters and comparing the lower and uppercase alphabet in the language and English-alphabet letters
  • understanding that there are many everyday words and names in English that have origins in other languages, for example, alphabet, telephone, echidna, eucalyptus, disco, hippopotamus, Zoe

  VCNRU016 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRU101

  Understand that the language being studied continues both to influence and change through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the language is a language of a particular country and is also spoken in language-speaking communities
  • exploring and discussing the influence of the language on English using strategies to work out meanings of unknown words, and considering why word borrowing occurs across languages
  • recognising loan words from English that are used in the language and other words used in the language that have been borrowed from other languages and discussing why these words have been borrowed

  VCNRU101 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRC026

  Create simple bilingual resources for familiar audiences

  Elaborations

  • creating hand-made or digital greeting cards in both the language and English for different celebrations and traditions
  • creating bilingual texts for different audiences, for example, signs for the school community, a bilingual class digital dictionary, a word chart, a board game for a younger class
  • creating simple bilingual story books that include captions and images modelled on familiar texts, for example, Spot the Dog

  VCNRC026 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRU017

  Recognise that the languages people use reflect their culture, such as who they are, where and how they live, and find examples of similarities and differences between the language being studied and their own ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, considering different lifestyles and symbols such as flags, including the Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag
  • exploring the significance of different cultural practices, activities and games
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of the culture of the language
  • understanding that particular Australian English terms and expressions have no equivalent in the language, for example, billabong, corroboree, the bush
  • recognising features of the target language interactions which may be similar or different to own ways of communicating

  VCNRU017 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCNRU080

  Use pronunciation rules and apply features of the spoken language being studied such as intonation, stress and rhythm and extend to more advanced spelling and punctuation rules

  Elaborations

  • recognising that pronunciation, rhythm and tempo assist in making meaning in interactions and applying this knowledge to own communication
  • comparing English and sounds and spelling with the language being studied in order to support pronunciation of familiar and unfamiliar words and expressions
  • using accentuation, if applicable, in the language correctly and with appropriate pronunciation
  • building phonic awareness by using and experimenting with sounds and rhythms
  • reinforcing pronunciation, phrasing and intonation skills by reciting and repeating words and phrases in context
  • recognising the role of stress and rhythm in creating emphasis
  • using appropriate spelling and punctuation in a range of written texts

  VCNRU080 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU014

  Recognise features of familiar spoken, written and visual texts

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading and viewing different simple texts in the language, understanding that texts can be short or long, spoken, written, digital, visual or multimodal, for example songs, chants, labels, captions, stories and dialogues
  • identifying the language being studied from a selection of spoken or written texts from other languages represented in the classroom or in the school
  • comparing similar texts in the language with English and noticing how they are the same or different, for example, a counting song, street signs or labels at a market

  VCNRU014 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU012

  Recognise and reproduce the sounds and letters of the alphabet of the language being studied, identifying how they are represented in words

  Elaborations

  • building phonic awareness by pronouncing and writing the target-language alphabet letters with familiar sounds, and building to more unfamiliar sounds
  • experimenting with sounds, rhythms, intonation and stress
  • noticing the number of letters in the alphabet of the language being studied
  • locating and highlighting specific alphabet letters from the language being studied
  • developing pronunciation and intonation skills by singing, reciting and repeating alphabet names in context, for example, songs
  • focusing on those letters that are different from letters in the English alphabet

  VCNRU012 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU084

  Reflect on the dynamic and ecological nature of language, and that all languages influence each other

  Elaborations

  • recognising how English may be modifying language use in particular spheres in the language being studied, for example, language used in the entertainment industry, films and television programs, or language used to express modern concepts, or language used to keep up with trends
  • recognising that language changes over time by, for example, viewing films in historical settings and those in contemporary settings and discussing the language used

  VCNRU084 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCNRC043

  Create bilingual texts and learning resources for the school community

  Elaborations

  • creating simple bilingual texts in print or digital form for specific audiences, such as school signs for visitors, invitations to parents for class or school events, posters for the school community to advertise an upcoming event, online bilingual story books including text and images for a younger audience, or a bilingual game, such as Snap, using words only
  • creating and posting versions of existing school signs or notices into the language, for example, staffroom, canteen, recognising difference in word order
  • constructing and maintaining a bilingual website for a sister school or a contact group of young learners of English in a target language-speaking community
  • creating a word bank which includes words, phrases and common expressions, as a classroom resource to reinforce learning

  VCNRC043 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCNRC074

  Interpret and discuss different imaginative texts, expressing and justifying opinions on aspects such as themes, mood, emotions and language choices

  Elaborations

  • interpreting images and language choices to convey cultural concepts and ideas in songs, films and performances
  • reading, viewing and listening to imaginative texts in a variety of modes to explore and discuss the representation of aspects of society and culture of countries where the language is spoken, for example, current social themes such as youth issues, identity
  • discussing how imaginative texts such as films, plays and songs portray social issues in everyday life such as relationships, generation gap
  • responding to texts to explain how mood is created and narrative developed through language and expression, language choice, use of metaphors, humour, suspense, surprise
  • analysing imaginative texts, to discuss how language, culture and literary devices are used to portray characters, places or events in order to evoke humorous or emotional responses
  • comparing lyrics, themes and popular styles with English language songs, explaining similarities and differences in language use, cultural aspects and modes of expression

  VCNRC074 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCNRC077

  Create a range of bilingual texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, reflecting on how meaning can be conveyed effectively

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual texts for speakers of the target language in Australia, for example, leaflets promoting the arrival of a famous performer or sports team from a country where the language is spoken
  • creating bilingual texts, such as a children’s story to read to primary school children and comparing aspects of language and culture and discussing with peers and teachers how meaning can be conveyed effectively
  • producing bilingual texts such as articles and brochures for different contexts and purposes, and reflecting on the process of working in both the target language and English for example, an information leaflet for exchange students coming to Australia or for a student study tour to a place where the target language is spoken
  • corresponding with peers who speak the language being studied to compare experiences and attitudes, making choices about how to represent intended meaning, for example, exchanging views and opinions about school subjects and future aspirations

  VCNRC077 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCICCD015

  Identify the challenges and benefits of living and working in a culturally diverse society

  Elaborations

  • asking students to imagine themselves in the future or in another country and provide a range of prompts for them to address, such as ‘What does society look like?’, ‘How important is it that society is inclusive?’ or ‘If you could live in another country, where would you go and why?’ and ‘What skills might you need?’
  • identifying attributes that help people forge positive intercultural relationships, such as curiosity, sensitivity, empathy and kindness
  • holding a student-led discussion or role-play about the social challenges that arise from cultural diversity, for example, how people from different backgrounds with different levels of attainment in English experience contemporary Australian society, such as at the local supermarket, when applying for a job, or watching the news
  • creating a portfolio that identifies the characteristics of a ‘monocultural’ society and those of a ‘multicultural’ society , and using reflective prompts to challenge students assumptions, such as by identifying various sub-cultures within each type of society
  • prompting students to identify the criteria they would use to help decide where to live if they were migrating to another country, and extend advanced students by introducing challenges into the scenario, such as linguistic or economic restrictions

  VCICCD015 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Cultural Diversity