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• VCELA453

  Understand that roles and relationships are developed and challenged through language and interpersonal skills

  Elaborations

  • identifying the various communities to which students belong and how language reinforces membership of these communities (the intimate language of family members, the jargon of teenage groups, the technicality of some online communities, the language specific to recreational groups, the interaction patterns of the classroom, the commonalities in migrant and cultural groups)

  VCELA453 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELT240

  Discuss how depictions of characters in print, sound and images reflect the contexts in which they were created

  Elaborations

  • exploring iconography of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures
  • recognising recurring characters, settings and themes in Dreaming stories experienced through texts, films and online sources
  • discussing moral and teaching stories from varied cultures, identifying and comparing their central messages

  VCELT240 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Speaking and Listening | Literature

• VCEALC005

  Understand a simple spoken text

  Elaborations

  • listening to a long text with visual support, such as instructions for and a demonstration of a game or art activity
  • recognising familiar vocabulary, for example animal names, colours, time markers
  • identifying single items of information from short spoken texts, such as a number, colour, name
  • answering specific questions about the spoken text that are based on familiar question stems such as ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘When’

  VCEALC005 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL101

  Construct a small range of sentence forms

  Elaborations

  • constructing positive and negative statements using subject plus verb, for example ‘I finished’, ‘The bus didn’t come’
  • beginning questions with question words such as ‘Who’, ‘What’, ‘When’, ‘How’
  • beginning commands with an imperative verb, for example ‘Come over here’, ‘Bring that’
  • constructing subject–verb-–object sentences with accuracy
  • giving some additional detail using short noun groups or adjectival phrases, such as ‘He gave me a new book’, ‘I ran really fast’

  VCEALL101 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A2 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALL560

  Choose correct syntactic forms for questions, statements and commands

  Elaborations

  • beginning questions with question words such as ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’, ‘how’
  • using auxiliary verbs with some accuracy to construct simple open, closed, positive and negative questions, for example ‘Do you like running?’, ‘Why can’t you eat that?’
  • constructing positive and negative statements using subject + verb, for example ‘I finished’ and ‘The bus arrived’
  • beginning commands with an imperative verb, for example ‘Come over here’, ‘Bring that’

  VCEALL560 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C1 | Speaking and Listening | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCELA164

  Understand that English is one of many languages spoken in Australia and that different languages may be spoken by family, classmates and community

  Elaborations

  • learning that different languages exist; discussing the various languages encountered in the community and at school; acknowledging the home languages of students who speak another language, and valuing the ability to speak more than one language
  • recognising that some texts can include both Standard Australian English and elements of other languages including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages

  VCELA164 | Curriculum content | English | Foundation Level | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCELA339

  Understand how authors often innovate on text structures and play with language features to achieve particular aesthetic, humorous and persuasive purposes and effects

  Elaborations

  • exploring a range of everyday, community, literary and informative texts discussing elements of text structure and language features and comparing the overall structure and effect of authors’ choices in two or more texts
  • examining different works by an author who specialises in humour or pathos to identify strategies such as exaggeration and character embarrassment to amuse and to offer insights into characters’ feelings, so building empathy with their points of view and concern for their welfare

  VCELA339 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA059

  Use sounds, gestures, images and facial expressions to communicate

  Elaborations

  • responding to their name and the names of familiar people
  • responding consistently to familiar contexts including people, places and objects
  • showing an understanding that sound and action convey meaning
  • contributing to small group discussions by sharing a favourite toy
  • gaining and directing attention, such as turning attention toward the person who is communicating
  • recognising some of the sounds, gestures and facial features of familiar people and contexts
  • reproducing part of a short message by pointing and/or using objects or pictures

  VCELA059 | Curriculum content | English | Level B | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCEALC002

  Respond simply to questions and prompts

  Elaborations

  • recognising familiar question stem words such as ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘Do’
  • understanding common or personal questions, for example ‘How old are you?’, ‘What sports do you like?’
  • giving simple responses, such as nodding, ‘yes’, ‘no’, short learnt phrases
  • responding to questions with a single word or phrase but making longer utterances by substituting words in known sentence patterns
  • expanding on basic personal information when prompted, supported and given adequate time, such as ‘My name is ...’, ‘I come from …’
  • borrowing and adapting key words from questions, for example by reordering, as in Teacher: ‘Are you finished, Ali?’ Student: ‘Ali finished’

  VCEALC002 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level A1 | Speaking and Listening | Communication

• VCEALL471

  Write using extended descriptive phrases

  Elaborations

  • writing extended noun phrases, such as ‘a large shark with sharp teeth’, using an expanding range of elements including pointers (‘a’, ‘the’, ‘my’), concrete and abstract key nouns (‘shark’, ‘packet’, ‘idea’), describers (‘large’, ‘empty’, ‘excellent’), classifiers (‘endangered’, ‘recyclable’, ‘financial’) and simple qualifiers (‘with sharp teeth’, ‘in my bag’)
  • applying rules for expressing comparisons, such as ‘as … as’, ‘more … than’, ‘–er than’
  • using short relative clauses to expand descriptions, for example ‘The girl who was late had to go to the office’

  VCEALL471 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Writing | Linguistic Structures and Features

• VCEALA412

  Use home language resources to develop English

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with home language peers to clarify new vocabulary and ideas, and formulate home language terms and definitions
  • referring to home language or bilingual texts such as glossaries, dictionaries or online translation tools for explanation and clarification of new vocabulary and information
  • recording words and information in personal dictionaries or notes, using a combination of English and home language to indicate meaning, pronunciation and usage

  VCEALA412 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level B3 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA782

  Revise and refine writing in response to feedback from a teacher or peer

  Elaborations

  • giving and interpreting feedback in different formats, for example using coloured or highlighter pens on print texts, review comments on digital texts, feedback checklists
  • incorporating feedback on a range of aspects, for example redrafting a personal recount to edit out unnecessary detail
  • using software to support in-text referencing and reference lists, for example using online reference generators, functions in text editors

  VCEALA782 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Writing | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCEALA746

  Use home language resources to develop English

  Elaborations

  • collaborating with same language peers to clarify new vocabulary and ideas, and formulate home language terms and definitions
  • referring to home language or bilingual glossaries, dictionaries, thesauruses or online translation tools for explanation and clarification of new vocabulary and information
  • recording words and information in personal dictionaries or notes, using a combination of English and home language to indicate meaning, pronunciation and usage

  VCEALA746 | Curriculum content | English as an Additional Language (EAL) | Level C4 | Speaking and Listening | Cultural and Plurilingual Awareness

• VCELA402

  Investigate how visual and multimodal texts allude to or draw on other texts or images to enhance and layer meaning

  Elaborations

  • comprehending a series of static images and combinations of language and images in a picture book, for example title, setting, characters, actions, as well as technical elements including position, size, colour, angle, framing, point of view
  • analysing the relationship between visual elements and text in non-fiction texts such as documentaries, television news, online newspapers and digital magazines

  VCELA402 | Curriculum content | English | Level 8 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELA458

  Compare the purposes, text structures and language features of traditional and contemporary texts in different media

  Elaborations

  • reproducing and adapting existing print texts for an online environment and explaining the reasons for the adaptations (for example accounting for the navigation and use of hyperlinks as structuring principles in hypertext narratives)
  • investigating the structure and language of similar text types like information reports and narratives and how these are influenced by different technological affordances (for example hyperlinks as structuring principles in hypertext narratives versus linear text sequencing principles in print narratives)

  VCELA458 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELT219

  Discuss the characters and settings of different texts and explore how language is used to present these features in different ways

  Elaborations

  • describing features of text settings including time, colours used to portray year, season, and place (country or city) and how this impacts on the characters
  • describing plots including beginnings (orientation), how the problem (complication) is introduced and solved (resolution), and considering how these features construct meanings
  • identifying features of imaginary or fantasy texts, for example magic powers, shifts in time
  • investigating Aboriginal stories, found from online sources, that explain physical features of the landscape and identify and describe the common features of language used
  • comparing two or more versions of the same story by different authors or from different cultures, describing similarities and differences in authors’ points of view

  VCELT219 | Curriculum content | English | Level 2 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCELT447

  Experiment with the ways that language features, image and sound can be adapted in literary texts

  Elaborations

  • making language choices and choosing particular language devices to achieve intended effects, for example building in a surprise or twist in the ending of a short story or final scene of a film
  • taking an existing short story, poem, play or speech in print form and creating a short visual text which is accompanied by a sound track containing music and sound effects, and which is intended to amuse audiences who are familiar with the original text
  • creating written interpretations of traditional and contemporary literature which employs devices like metaphor, symbol, allegory and myth, and evaluating the contribution of these devices to the interpretation of the text
  • creating written interpretations of traditional and contemporary poetry (for example sonnets and contemporary song lyrics) focusing on their use of symbol, myth, icons and imagery

  VCELT447 | Curriculum content | English | Level 9 | Writing | Literature

• VCELA472

  Analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of a wide range of sentence and clause structures as authors design and craft texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising how emphasis in sentences can be changed by reordering clauses (for example, ‘She made her way home because she was feeling ill’ as compared with ‘Because she was feeling ill, she made her way home’) or parts of clauses (for example, ‘The horses raced up from the valley’ as compared with ‘Up from the valley raced the horses’)
  • recognising how the focus of a sentence can be changed through the use of the passive voice (for example compare active, ‘The police had caught the thief.’ with passive ‘The thief had been caught.’)
  • observing how authors sometimes use verbless clauses for effect (for example, ‘And what about the other woman? With her long black eyelashes and red lipstick’)
  • understanding that a sentence can begin with a coordinating conjunction for stylistic effect (for example, ‘And she went on planning to herself how she would manage it’)

  VCELA472 | Curriculum content | English | Level 10 | Writing | Language