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• VCZHU240

  Explore assumptions and challenges for language use in new environments, identifying and comparing ways in which sensitive topics are introduced and discussed across languages, for example, comparing the Chinese custom of asking direct questions about age, income and other personal matters with...

  Elaborations

  • recognising clichés, examining cases of ‘breaking’ a cliché and the impact it might have, such as 脑筋建转弯 questions
  • identifying how language use can be varied for different participants in different contexts, for example, the use of slang and abbreviations between teenagers
  • using classical terms and expressions including 成语、歇后语、俗语 appropriate to context, such as using 亭亭玉立 to describe young girls
  • discussing ‘taboo’ terms across languages, and using terms suitable for the context, such as different words for 死 (‘to die’), for example, 驾崩 (皇帝)、 仙逝 （长辈 ) 、去世（一般人) 、香消玉殒 (女性)

  VCZHU240 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students extend their writing skills to include more persuasive language and more formal genres. They participate in presentations on topics studied, and initiate discussion through enquiry. Students begin to compare their own pronunciation to modern standard spoken Chinese. They also explore...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students use spoken and written Chinese to communicate with teachers and peers. They participate in structured and routine interactions, such as using 谢谢， 再见， 请, using learnt sounds, formulaic phrases, and verbal and non-verbal responses. They respond to and receive information...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use spoken and written Chinese to initiate and maintain interactions. They describe and give information about themselves and their preferences, their environment, experiences and interests, for example, 我很喜欢唱歌。我的学校很漂亮。我觉得澳大利亚是很好的国家. They use simple questions (for example,

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• VCZHC056

  Create short bilingual texts on topics of personal interest and on key content from other learning areas and provide subtitles or commentary to assist meaning

  Elaborations

  • translating special terms from their favourite subjects into Chinese, for example, 加、减、乘、除
  • producing bilingual instructions for classmates, explaining how to perform a particular activity relating to their favourite game or subject
  • preparing a voiceover text in Chinese for a video presentation about the Chinese language program or the school environment and adjusting anything that is unclear before voice recording

  VCZHC056 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHU125

  Recognise features of various familiar text types in Chinese

  Elaborations

  • developing awareness of bilingual texts (for example, picture books, multimedia texts, song and dance DVDs) through immersion in text-rich environments, and noticing features of punctuation and text organisation across languages (for example, spacing between words)
  • comparing familiar texts in Chinese and English and discussing features in common, for example, storybook covers normally consist of book title, image, author’s name and illustrator’s name

  VCZHU125 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC100

  Locate and organise information on topics of interest from a range of written sources to develop a position, and convey this position to a familiar audience in a range of texts

  Elaborations

  • reading tourist brochures and websites detailing lifestyles in diverse locations in the Sinophone world, identifying features of local lifestyles that reflect modernity or tradition, and evaluating the information for relevance, appropriateness and significance
  • developing an information kit, supported by visuals, about their local city or region to provide to Chinese visitors via a local tourism website, including details on history, climate, environment, and cultural activities
  • composing short texts to report on topics of interest (for example, 中国的茶-澳洲咖啡 ), providing a range of alternative views on the subject, for example, 有人说…也有人说…他们都不知道...所以…

  VCZHC100 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC166

  Create narratives that express the everyday experiences of young people, experimenting with dialogue

  Elaborations

  • collaborating to prepare and present short dramatic or humorous performances that reflect situations or experiences drawn from their own Chinese cultural environment, such as generational and cultural differences encountered at home
  • creating songs or jingles to promote products, services or events in imaginative ways
  • creating written and multimodal narrative accounts of the life experiences of major historical figures or characters from literature, for example, 诸葛亮，孔子和他的学生
  • developing skills in drafting and editing own writing, collaborating with others to enhance stylistic and creative features of own written expression

  VCZHC166 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC249

  Compare performance features of major forms of classical literature, such as in 诗, 词, making thematic and intertextual connections

  Elaborations

  • comparing how concepts such as love, bravery and friendship are expressed in Chinese and English poetry, for example, comparing 陆游的《钗头凤》 and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s ‘How Do I Love Thee?’; comparing poems of national unity (after war) and Banjo Paterson’s ‘We’re All Australians Now’
  • comparing representations of particular concepts or experiences in different media, such as in novels and films, for example, 莫言小说《红高粱家族》 和张艺谋电影 《红高粱》
  • exploring how different forms of entertainment are used to express or reflect contemporary issues, for example, analysing 春晚小品 and how the topics are related to the ‘hot’ events of the year
  • collaborating to create a drama or comedy to depict their lives and the lives of other Chinese migrants in a new cultural environment

  VCZHC249 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC225

  Interact with peers and exchange opinions and preferences about new social and cultural experiences, adjusting tone, vocabulary and phrasing to influence others

  Elaborations

  • sharing experiences and discussing how their own cultural practices are maintained or adapted in their new environment, for example, 来到澳洲以后， 我开始对土著人的艺术感兴趣了
  • identifying and challenging stereotypes about Chinese and Australian cultures
  • discussing the concept of friendship across cultures, and describing own sources of social support within the local community, for example, 我现在在一个羽毛球俱乐部打球， 认识了不少朋友， 挺开心的
  • using appropriate strategies to maintain communication, such as explaining concepts and ideas when other participants are not familiar with the topic of conversation, for example, 我很喜欢吃榴莲， 榴莲就是那种有点臭，身上长很多刺的水果
  • listening to a conversation about a new song, dance style or pop-culture phenomenon, and identifying the points being made, explaining the tone and manner of communication

  VCZHC225 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC104

  Mediate descriptions of Chinese and Australian life, identifying what experiences and ideas are not readily translated between cultures

  Elaborations

  • analysing Chinese texts alongside their English translations to identify the challenges of translating culture, and developing strategies to overcome these challenges, by asking: What is lost in translation? Why can’t we just translate word for word? Why does context matter?
  • reading bilingual signs in places such as restaurants, shops, pools, schools, hospitals and construction sites, and determining the effectiveness of the English translations and possible reasons for such interpretations
  • exploring ways to interpret and explain key concepts and cultural practices identified in Chinese interactions, such as 面子, and experimenting with how to give 面子 in interactions with others
  • translating information about life in Australia to Chinese readers overseas, considering the audience’s cultural experiences in order to determine what concepts they would find difficult to understand, exploring ways to elaborate on ideas to ensure clarity of meaning, and focusing on nuances of word formation and context, for example, 澳洲肥牛 (‘bushwalking’)
  • preparing a voiceover text for a video presentation on the Chinese language program or the school environment, discussing possible interpretations of the text from the viewers’ perspective and adjusting anything that is unclear before voice recording
  • considering the different terms used in the Chinese-speaking world to represent ‘Chinese person’ (中国人，华人，华侨，华裔)

  VCZHC104 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC177

  Interact and socialise with a range of participants, recognising alternative positions, ideas and perspectives relating to experience and lifestyle

  Elaborations

  • exploring concepts related to topical and contemporary issues, including ethnicity and identity, popular culture, technology, social justice, environment, education and future pathways, through interaction with peers and other Chinese speakers, for example, 我听说现在中国的年轻人很喜欢看韩剧，是这样吗？你也喜欢看韩剧吗？
  • inviting others to contribute to discussions and provide feedback on own ideas (for example, 你不觉得…吗？ 难道…?), and asking questions, acknowledging strengths in others’ arguments and providing evidence to contradict, challenge or rebut alternative views
  • collaborating to reach agreement by asserting, restating, conceding or negotiating in an appropriate manner (for example, 就算是…; 尽管如此…), recapping the main ideas discussed, suggesting a suitable compromise or solution, and explaining the reasons behind the final suggestion
  • discussing how to utilise resources and opportunities outside of the classroom to develop Chinese proficiency, for example, Chinese community school, using Chinese more often with family members and friends, or watching Chinese television
  • listening to guest speakers such as ambassadors for Asian literacy or other inspirational young people who are engaged with Chinese language learning, and discussing their experiences and achievements

  VCZHC177 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC098

  Correspond with peers and teacher, exchanging ideas, negotiating decisions and inviting others to participate in collective action

  Elaborations

  • corresponding with others via social networking sites, exchanging personal information and requesting information, for example, 你是哪国人？你喜欢学习汉语吗？
  • sharing information about life in diverse environments, expressing ideas with elaborated details to enhance meaning and engage readers, for example, 今天太冷了，只有零下五度，还下雪，只能在家呆着
  • sharing opinions about school or family life, including 我的学校，我的老师，我的好朋友， 我的一家人, and linking ideas to explain and support a particular position or view, for example, 我的姐姐不但喜欢音乐，而且也很喜欢体育, 我除了踢足球以外，还打板球。我觉得运动很有意思
  • reading promotional material on topics such as healthy eating, and creating similar texts in Chinese to convey the meaning to Chinese readers, for example, 每天吃五份蔬菜，两份水果
  • identifying unacceptable behaviours at school and devising a set of posters or signs in Chinese to remind people of school expectations, for example, 爱护花草，请安静， 可回收物/不可回收物，关闭手机

  VCZHC098 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHC196

  Represent factual information related to other learning areas and on topics of interest in a range of texts and formats for different audiences

  Elaborations

  • preparing and creating a video clip to share with peers overseas introducing aspects of local culture, including interesting places, history, famous people, and lifestyle, for example, 墨尔本的电车
  • creating posters (for example, about a local city or popular site) to convey information to Chinese peers, using pictures, maps and data to support text
  • presenting information in alternative formats to suit the purpose and the needs of the reader, for example, creating graphs or tables to categorise information when contrasting 澳大利亚和中国的地理
  • selecting words from word lists to create informative texts such as signs, slogans and notices, and using electronic tools such as a digital dictionary to extend own expression
  • obtaining and representing information from texts that include both text and visual images to explain aspects of lifestyle or culture in different communities, for example, TV guide, brochures, advertisements or timetables
  • presenting information on topics of interest related to the natural world, human history and endeavour, geography, or the built environment, using visual supports such as tables, charts, calendars and maps
  • analysing what information is needed to research a topic, employing Chinese search engines to access diverse sources of information online and choosing the most suitable sources, for example, 这个网站看上去像正规网站吗？ 这个网站是官网吗?

  VCZHC196 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCZHC009

  Notice aspects of Chinese language and culture that are ‘new’ or ‘interesting’, and observe how relationships influence language use and own identity

  Elaborations

  • examining the meanings behind Chinese family names and other related vocabulary
  • having a shared meal of 饺子，春卷 etc. and appreciating cultural diversity in the school community
  • responding to questions by sharing with students in Chinese sister school personal information related to identity, for example, name, family name, zodiac sign, family members
  • comparing learning in English with learning in Chinese, for example, learning about syllables and components
  • presenting a collage or poster which represents aspects of their identity, using text and images
  • observing interactions to notice cultural aspects such as use of voice to show courtesy, how disagreement is expressed, or smiling so as not to offend while saying ‘too expensive’
  • expressing personal responses to aspects of culture encountered when viewing images, such as of classrooms, home environments or street scenes in diverse contexts, responding to teacher prompts (for example, What do you see …? What do you notice …? How do you celebrate …?), and relating to own experience

  VCZHC009 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC245

  Plan and negotiate actions to contribute to their local and global community, and suggest alternatives when planning and negotiating

  Elaborations

  • displaying respect for others’ ideas in interactions, agreeing to disagree, or negotiating to achieve agreement, for example, 要么这样吧…; 你看怎么样…; 你说的很有道理，但是…
  • discussing multiple perspectives on topics such as 独生子女政策，言论自由，贫富差距，经济发展与环境保护, and raising awareness among peers and members of school community to enhance mutual understanding of others’ perspectives
  • comparing different learning environments and approaches to learning, for example, reflecting on prior learning experiences and suggesting the advantages and disadvantages of different educational systems (中国的教育是应试教育，注重死记硬背，澳洲的教育是启发式教育，培养的是学生的独立思考能力)
  • discussing issues encountered in their daily life when communicating across cultures, such as specific ‘cultural barriers’ and misunderstandings in communication, for example, 家长应不应该尊重孩子的个人隐私？
  • understanding the history of their local Chinese community and the multicultural nature of Australian society, for example, interviewing older migrants about their experiences as Chinese Australians (老一代的华人在餐饮、 木工、 香蕉种植等方面为澳洲做出了贡献，新一代的华人更多的是在金融、法律、医生等行业发展)
  • identifying areas of need within the local community and collaborating with others to provide support, for example, visiting aged-care facilities or helping to organise a cultural event to enhance understanding of Chinese culture within their own school and local communities (我们上个周末去华人养老院做义工，接触了很多很有意思的老人)

  VCZHC245 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHU259

  Explain how changes in context impact on how language is adapted to convey meaning within and across languages

  Elaborations

  • exploring how living in the Australian context impacts on how they present their ideas in Chinese, for example, considering how essays written in Chinese in Australia often follow the accepted organisation and formatting of essays in the Australian education system rather than the Chinese education system
  • analysing what is valued across cultures and discussing the impact of this on how meanings are conveyed in Chinese and English, for example, quoting 孔子 or using 成语 is evidence of a higher level of literacy in Chinese, but quoting modern-day experts or using technical vocabulary is considered to be reflective of a higher education level in many English-speaking communities
  • understanding the historical traditions behind the differences between oral and written language in Chinese ( 文言 and 白话)
  • reflecting on their own different ways of communicating and how they adjust language, gesture and content to suit different contexts, cultures and languages, for example, considering topics that are acceptable in one culture but taboo in another
  • identifying differences in pronunciation and/or tone across different Chinese-speaking environments, for example, 和 is pronounced ‘hé’ in mainland China but can be pronounced as ‘hàn’ in Taiwan

  VCZHU259 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCZHC041

  Describe aspects of own identity and reflect on differences between Chinese and English language and culture, identifying how this knowledge can help their intercultural exchanges

  Elaborations

  • using appropriate forms of address in interactions, including nicknames for friends, greetings such as 嘿、哈罗、吃了吗、校长好, and courtesy phrases when agreeing, thanking, apologising, refusing, declining and leave-taking, for example, 谢谢, 不客气, 对不起，没关系
  • presenting short spoken texts to peers and to Chinese-speaking people in other contexts via digital media, sharing culture-specific aspects of own identity (for example, 我是希腊人，我周末学希腊语 or football club membership) and discussing their significance
  • defining own identity by describing relationships with others, for example, friendship groups (我的朋友是 Lisa 和 George，我们都很聪明), ethnic group (我是德裔澳大利亚人)
  • engaging with Chinese speakers through organised school activities (such as through a video-conference with students at a Chinese school, or welcoming visitors to own school), observing moments when difficulties are experienced in communication and reflecting on the cause of the difficulty
  • sharing with peers personal experiences of interacting with Chinese speakers, for example, ‘I was really nervous and forgot how to say…’
  • observing interactions between Chinese speakers, and discussing the context and language use (for example, a family eating out in a restaurant, noticing the environment, seating arrangements, and how dishes are ordered and presented) and comparing to their own experience

  VCZHC041 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC201

  Reflect on personal responses and reactions during interactions in Chinese such as talking with a Chinese adult or interacting online with Chinese peers

  Elaborations

  • engaging with Chinese speakers through organised school activities, for example, communicating with students at a Chinese school via Skype or welcoming visitors to own school), recording moments when difficulty is experienced in communication, reflecting on the cause of the difficulty, and noticing how next interaction improves
  • observing interactions between Chinese speakers and noticing the difference word choices and use of gesture among participants
  • identifying language use in different contexts, such as a family eating out in a restaurant (for example, noticing the seating arrangement, the background environment and how dishes are ordered and presented) and discuss how this compares to one’s own experience
  • comparing how language and gesture are used to communicate in English and how these features would be understood when interacting with Chinese people; identifying how their communication style may need to be altered when conveying ideas in Chinese
  • improving language choices across cultures, such as when meeting people for the first time (for example, when being introduced to a parent’s friend);
  • comparing how the residential address in Chinese and English reflects certain values in the different cultures
  • recognising their own tendency to generalise or stereotype during interactions (for example, 地域歧), and considering questions to ask about the other person’s cultural background, being sensitive to the possibility of causing offence
  • participating in cultural events and reflecting on how cultural practices change in a different context, for example, 我们家不过中秋节，因为大家都觉得不太重要。母亲节有时候我们全家回去爷爷奶奶家一起吃饭
  • being aware of how own ideas may be perceived by others based on language choice, for example, 我妈妈不喜欢我说汉语中间夹英语，但是我和朋友经常这样说，她也经常这样说。有的时候姥姥听不懂，我就会想想全用汉语怎么说

  VCZHC201 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCZHC212

  Develop and present a position on an issue based on information drawn from different perspectives and sources and provide advice and guidance

  Elaborations

  • identifying the positions of different speakers and exploring the explicit and implicit values and reasons that may have led to the development of their own perspectives, for example, why a Western speaker of Chinese may look at an issue differently to a native Chinese speaker; the different perspectives of a city resident versus a rural resident
  • developing an information kit about the local city or region to provide to Chinese visitors via a local tourism website, including details on history, climate, environment and cultural activities supported by visuals
  • creating short texts to inform others on topics of interest (such as 中国的茶-澳洲咖啡), and providing an objective perspective by discussing alternative views, for example, 有人说…也有人说…他们都不知道...所以…
  • accessing a range of sources of discussion (such as online debates in public forums and TV talk shows) and identifying factors that potentially cause bias on an issue, such as era, generational differences, cultural factors and individual personalities, for example, 有人认为愚公很傻， 尤其是生活在现代的人
  • presenting a balanced view on a contemporary issue, referring to evidence to support ideas and elaborating on own perspective
  • engaging with different representations of ideas, comparing perspectives and developing an informed position on issues relevant to their own lives, for example, 在中国有人说移民澳洲好，因为生活轻松； 也有人说移民澳洲不好，因为没有熟悉的家人朋友。我觉得… 因为…
  • presenting information on an issue such as 独生子女政策 by discussing perspectives and comparing experiences and opinions, noting how some people focus on positive effects on society and others focus on personal experiences of being a 独生子女
  • collaborating to produce multimedia displays to share with readers overseas to provide a local insight into issues such as the experience of international students in Australia, and highlighting the features that might be most relevant to overseas readers
  • collating information from personal research and writing reports on issues relevant to youth across cultures, such as pressure to follow fashions and trends, bullying, and inspirational people

  VCZHC212 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing