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• Japanese - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students become familiar with the sounds and patterns of spoken Japanese, including pronunciation, rhythm and intonation. They identify words borrowed from English, observing differences in pronunciation and spelling. They use Japanese in classroom interactions and short communicative tasks. They...

  Level description | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence

• VCESU159

  Recognise that language use varies according to the contexts of situation and culture

  Elaborations

  • finding examples of informal language used by young people in Spanish, such as shortened noun forms (la profe, la bici, la compu) or the use of emoticons, comparing with the use of similar abbreviations by young Australians (‘vegie’, ‘ta’, ‘telly’), and considering why these forms of language are used
  • understanding the importance of using appropriate forms of address when interacting with different people, for example, using tú when speaking with close friends, family members or other young people, and using usted for other less familiar adults
  • noticing that language use often reflects the mood, feelings or relationships of the people involved, such as the use of emotive or affectionate language between close friends and family members, or persuasive language used in advertisements

  VCESU159 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU068

  Analyse the structure and organisation of a range of texts created for purposes such as information exchange or social interaction

  Elaborations

  • identifying elements of different types of text (for example, le courriel, la météo, les slogans), and explaining the relationship between the language and structure used and the purpose of the text
  • creating sample texts for a genres resource base, identifying key features and functions, for example, la publicité: les messages directs: n’attendez plus! profitez de…, ou indirects: vous rêvez de… vos enfants méritent…
  • analysing and using informal styles of communication associated with social media texts and texting, such as emoticons and abbreviated language, for example, le sigle MDR (mort de rire)

  VCFRU068 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAU081

  Analyse complex noun and verb forms, and recognise sentence structures and elements of grammar

  Elaborations

  • describing people and things using, for example:
    • a range of noun forms
    • acronyms and abbreviations
    • indicators of groups or plurals
    • terms of address
    • classifiers
  • describing the qualities of people and things using, for example:
    • adjectives
    • comparatives and superlatives
  • referring to abstract ideas
  • indicating action using, for example:
    • the verb system
    • adverbs as modifiers
  • referring to the past, present and future, and relating events in time using adverbs
  • contrasting ideas using conjunctions
  • indicating register using colloquial and formal language
  • expressing opinions
  • influencing others by persuading using superlatives, encouraging and advising
  • evaluating
  • expressing imagination by using imagery, metaphor and simile
  • using idiomatic language and proverbs
  • maintaining interaction using rhetorical devices and verbal fillers
  • expressing emphasis

  VCRAU081 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU240

  Explore assumptions and challenges for language use in new environments, identifying and comparing ways in which sensitive topics are introduced and discussed across languages, for example, comparing the Chinese custom of asking direct questions about age, income and other personal matters with...

  Elaborations

  • recognising clichés, examining cases of ‘breaking’ a cliché and the impact it might have, such as 脑筋建转弯 questions
  • identifying how language use can be varied for different participants in different contexts, for example, the use of slang and abbreviations between teenagers
  • using classical terms and expressions including 成语、歇后语、俗语 appropriate to context, such as using 亭亭玉立 to describe young girls
  • discussing ‘taboo’ terms across languages, and using terms suitable for the context, such as different words for 死 (‘to die’), for example, 驾崩 (皇帝)、 仙逝 （长辈 ) 、去世（一般人) 、香消玉殒 (女性)

  VCZHU240 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Auslan - First Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students recognise and apply elements of Auslan grammar, such as marking manner or aspect on verbs. They use increasingly sophisticated means of showing constructed action, and of using space to track a character or location through a text for purposes of cohesion. They develop metalanguage for...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Auslan - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 description

  Students are expanding their knowledge of vocabulary and sentence construction. With support, they use constructed action to show participants in a narrative, modify indicating verbs for non-present referents with increasing accuracy across a text, and use more complex entity depicting signs....

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students use spoken Chinese to initiate interactions in a range of familiar contexts. They participate in simple exchanges to obtain and convey information and experiences relating to their personal world. They use learnt vocabulary, sounds, characters and culturally specific...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 description

  Students use the language being studied in the classroom for a widening range of purposes: exchanging information, expressing ideas and feelings, performing role plays, dialogues, and responding to experiences. Social contexts such as families, the neighbourhood, locality and community influence...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence

• VCJAU034

  Recognise variations in language use that reflect different social and cultural contexts, purposes and relationships

  Elaborations

  • examining how language choices reflect social relations and priorities, for example, the concept of 内(うち)/外(そと)、 using ご/お prefixes and plain or polite forms, and using expressions that deflect praise of self or of own family to show modesty, such as 日本語がじょうずですね。いいえ、あんまり。
  • finding examples of informal forms of language used by young Japanese speakers, such as the use of abbreviations or emoticons when texting and the use of loan words when discussing popular culture, for example, ‘J-rock’, ‘J-pop’, ‘fast food’
  • noticing differences in text structure and grammar between formal and informal Japanese language use, such as abbreviations, dropping of particles and emphatic intonation in informal communication such as face-to-face interactions, blogs, emails and other forms of correspondence, for example, あした行く？/先生、あした行きますか。、 うん、わかった。/はい、わかりました。、 それは何？/山中(やまなか)さん、それは何ですか。
  • identifying how variations in language use and communicative behaviours reflect how emotions or attitudes such as respect, gratitude or embarrassment are differently expressed across languages and cultures
  • comparing features of written and spoken Japanese that reflect different communicative purposes, such as formal grammatical structures in letters compared to conversational markers or interjections to support the flow of face-to-face conversation, for example, hesitation ええと、 えー
  • comparing verbal and non-verbal elements of communication in different languages and cultural contexts, such as ways of disagreeing or responding to thanks, or the use of gestures, facial expressions or あいづち/silence

  VCJAU034 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students reflect on their understanding of and responses to their experiences when communicating across cultures. They use creative, expressive and persuasive language. They work collaboratively to exchange information and ideas and to share their experiences with other Chinese speakers.

  The systems...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence

• Auslan - First Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students extend their grammatical knowledge to a range of forms and functions that give them control of more complex elements of text construction and sign formation. They have a greater degree of self-correction and repair. This greater control of language structures and systems increases confidence...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• German - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 description

  Students increase their range of German vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar and textual knowledge. They use present tense forms of regular and irregular verbs, including some modal verbs and common separable verbs, and use plural forms of nouns and possessive adjectives. They add detail and...

  Level description | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use the written and spoken language being studied to initiate and sustain classroom interactions to carry out transactions and to exchange information, ideas, thoughts and feelings about people, objects, places and events. They ask and respond to open-ended questions...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  This is a period of language exploration and vocabulary expansion and experimentation with different modes of communication. Greater control of language structures and systems increases confidence and interest in communicating in a wider range of contexts. Students use the language being studied...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence

• Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use the language to convey information about themselves, their family and friends, and daily routines and activities. They locate specific details and use familiar words and phrases to predict meanings in texts. They respond to and create texts such as descriptions...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• VCDEU168

  Identify features of German that vary according to audience, context and purpose in familiar spoken and written texts

  Elaborations

  • identifying differences in register and style when using language in different contexts, for example, language in songs and graffiti, and teacher feedback on a test or in a formal school report
  • comparing German and English language use in similar situations and in texts with similar content such as advertisements, or student blogs about school issues
  • understanding particular functions of speech such as making a request or expressing pleasure or dissatisfaction, and considering how it is realised with different speakers (strangers, acquaintances, friends, family members), and possible consequences, including compliance, giving offence or being accepted into a group
  • recognising that different situations require different levels of politeness depending on the context and speaker, such as thanking a host parent or a peer for a gift or apologising to a teacher or a family member for being late
  • understanding that texts have different purposes (to persuade, to entertain), different audiences (children, adolescents, German speakers, Australians) and different forms (short speech, blog)
  • recognising textual conventions popular with young German speakers, such as the use of contractions, abbreviations and acronyms in text messages, for example, 4u = für dich = for you, brb = bin gleich wieder da = be right back, 8ung = Achtung!, dubido = du bist doof, sz = schreib zurück, sTn = schöner Tag noch

  VCDEU168 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCDEU032

  Identify and analyse linguistic features of German that vary according to audience, context and purpose in familiar modelled spoken and written texts

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the level of formality in a text may be decreased by using some contractions and slang, for example, in an informal conversation or email, or increased by applying key features such as appropriate layout and structure, formal register and subordinate clauses, for example, in a job application letter
  • analysing differences in register and style when using language in different contexts, for example, watching video clips showing introductions, greetings and farewells in different situations, or noticing the use of youth language in songs, graffiti and text messages
  • interpreting, explaining and using textual conventions popular with young German speakers, such as the use of contractions, abbreviations and acronyms in text messages, for example, 4u = für dich = for you, brb = bin gleich wieder da = be right back, 8ung = Achtung!, dubido = du bist doof, sz = schreib zurück, sTn = schöner Tag noch
  • identifying key differences in regional dialects and accents
  • analysing linguistic choices in situations of potential conflict involving an apology and acceptance of an apology (complaining about poor service or faulty goods, or apologising for forgetting someone’s birthday), or dealing with a contentious issue and expressing agreement and disagreement in different ways, for example, Ich bin nicht damit einverstanden;. Das stimmt nicht ganz.; Spinnst du?

  VCDEU032 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU016

  Understand the dynamic nature of languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with one another and in response to new needs, ideas and developments in communications and technology
  • identifying influences from other languages and cultures in contemporary Spanish, for example, tuitear, globalización, MP3, chatear, bloguear, cliquear
  • observing changes to language that reflect changing lifestyles and cultural trends, for example, abbreviations in text messages such as k (que) and a2 (adiós)
  • recognising the influence of Spanish on English and other languages by identifying loan words such as ‘patio’, ‘tango’, ‘taco’, ‘chocolate’, ‘tomato’, ‘guacamole’ and ‘siesta’, noting how they are pronounced by English speakers and considering the types of words and expressions that are most frequently borrowed
  • collecting examples of Spanish word borrowings from other languages, for example, fútbol, shopping, básquetbol and canguro, chófer, pizza, chau
  • understanding that some indigenous languages in both Australia and Spanish-speaking countries are strong, while others are endangered or being revived or reclaimed

  VCESU016 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU051

  Understand that language is used differently in different contexts and situations

  Elaborations

  • explaining why speakers use French differently in different situations (for example, in the classroom and in the playground), among different groups (for example, girls/boys, young people/older people) and in different relationships, for example, close friends or strangers
  • understanding the importance of using appropriate forms of address when interacting with different people, for example, using tu when speaking with close friends, family members or other young people, and using vous for other adults
  • reflecting on the use of colloquial or abbreviated language by young people in informal, written and technologically mediated contexts (for example, G for j’ai and pa for pas in text messages), as well as the use of borrowed words from other languages (for example, ciao, cool, super), hybrid terms (for example, allez-bye!) or verb contractions in informal spoken language, for example, chais pas for je ne sais pas
  • considering own and others’ ways of communicating with different people in different contexts

  VCFRU051 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change