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• VCZHC233

  Create bilingual information texts for speakers of Chinese and English in Australia, recognising ‘code-switching’ and how specific vocabulary and terminology from other learning areas can be translated in different settings, such as for an expert or beginner audience

  Elaborations

  • comparing multiple ways of translating English terms and phrases into Chinese, and discussing the effectiveness and focus of these translations, for example, 苹果手机 or 爱疯
  • considering others’ responses in interactions and clarifying whether their own message has been understood as they intended, for example, 大家对这个问题还有什么疑议吗？ 不知大家还有没有什么意见和建议？
  • producing own bilingual texts, for example, explaining aspects of Chinese culture to English-speaking audiences or interpreting concepts learnt in other learning areas to help Chinese-speaking peers understand course content
  • providing further explanation of concepts that are not immediately clear to second language learners of Chinese, for example, contrasting the concept of ‘culture’ in English with Chinese 文化 (which also includes the meaning of ‘literacy’) and starting to understand other 文化 in comparative terms

  VCZHC233 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC168

  Create bilingual texts relating to other learning areas and topics of interest, considering the influence of different roles, relationships, settings and situations when interpreting both Chinese and English

  Elaborations

  • observing others involved in interpreting meaning in bilingual contexts and identifying challenges and potential issues in mediation
  • using Chinese dictionaries to enhance understanding of subtle differences in how and when words are used, and applying this knowledge to interpreting meanings in texts and interactions

  VCZHC168 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC070

  Create written imaginative texts that express aspects of Chinese culture for different audiences and identify how some concepts can be readily translated between Chinese and English and some do not

  Elaborations

  • creating first person narratives in which they describe experiences and emotions in imagined scenarios and places, for example, 假如我是巨星
  • producing cartoon scripts to express traditional Chinese values, for example, 孔融让梨

  VCZHC070 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHU256

  Compare the nature of word formation, including subtle forms of adjectives such as 特有的 and 明朗, in the development of new words in Chinese and English, and evaluate their effectiveness in conveying new concepts

  Elaborations

  • comparing the expression of new concepts across languages and analysing the representation of new ideas in contemporary media, such as 云电视、
  • comparing the functions of semantically related morphemes and discussing why one is preferred over others in the development of new words, for example, ways of expressing ‘green’: 碧、 翠、 绿 、 青、 （翠绿、碧绿、青翠、苍翠） and new words such as: 雪碧，绿化

  VCZHU256 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU238

  Compare how grammatical features such as tense and passive voice are constructed in English and Chinese, and identify distinctive features of Chinese grammar, for example, in tense marking (了、过), possession, plurality

  Elaborations

  • enhancing their understanding of how information is organised to achieve particular communicative purposes, for example, 是…的 and 被 structure
  • experimenting with the use of different sentence patterns when composing own messages, for example, 让步句 and 转折句

  VCZHU238 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Indonesian - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students learn the sounds and written form of Indonesian. They notice similarities and differences between Indonesian and English, such as similar vocabulary and word order and differences in the position of adjectives and possessive pronouns. Students ask questions in English about Indonesia...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence

• VCZHU240

  Explore assumptions and challenges for language use in new environments, identifying and comparing ways in which sensitive topics are introduced and discussed across languages, for example, comparing the Chinese custom of asking direct questions about age, income and other personal matters with...

  Elaborations

  • recognising clichés, examining cases of ‘breaking’ a cliché and the impact it might have, such as 脑筋建转弯 questions
  • identifying how language use can be varied for different participants in different contexts, for example, the use of slang and abbreviations between teenagers
  • using classical terms and expressions including 成语、歇后语、俗语 appropriate to context, such as using 亭亭玉立 to describe young girls
  • discussing ‘taboo’ terms across languages, and using terms suitable for the context, such as different words for 死 (‘to die’), for example, 驾崩 (皇帝)、 仙逝 （长辈 ) 、去世（一般人) 、香消玉殒 (女性)

  VCZHU240 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students interact with teachers and peers through play and action-related language. They use greetings and respond to instructions through actions. Students pronounce the sounds of the language. They recognise simple questions and can respond to them, in addition to names...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2

• Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  In these levels there is an emphasis on developing students’ oral language to enable them to participate in class activities. They repeat sounds, particularly of vowels, as modelled by the teacher and aural texts. Students use formulaic language and single-idea phrases. They recognise the...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence

• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students are immersed in listening to, viewing and reading Chinese. They become aware of Chinese as a separate language to English and that other languages exist within their own classroom, their country and overseas. They begin to recognise the importance of tone in Chinese speech and observe...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Languages | French: Learning in French

  French language learning

  French is an Indo-European language and belongs to the family of Romance languages derived from the spoken Latin language of the Roman Empire. It is closely related to English, due to the shared influence of Latin and to the fact that French was the official language of...

  Overview material | French

• Languages | German: Learning in German

  German language learning

  German is an official language of Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, Belgium, Luxembourg and in South Tyrol in Italy. It is also used as an official regional or auxiliary language in a number of other countries in Europe, and in Namibia in Africa. As one of...

  Overview material | German

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students recognise tones as an important element of Chinese speech and learn how the sounds of Chinese can be encoded in Pinyin, using Roman letters that often convey different sounds than those which students are accustomed to in English. They learn to recognise basic character forms that represent...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use spoken and written Chinese to maintain interactions with familiar and unfamiliar people across a growing range of situations (for example, 你星期几去汉语学校？,你说…对吗？); to convey information, opinions and experiences (for example, 我喜欢踢澳式足球，你呢？); and to access a...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• Languages | Italian: Learning in Italian

  Italian language learning

  Italian belongs to the Romance family of languages and is closely connected to its ‘sibling’ languages of Spanish, Portuguese and French. It also has many commonalities and connections with English, sharing many Latin-derived words and using the same Roman...

  Overview material | Italian

• Languages | Latin: Learning in Latin

  The place of Latin and the heritage of the ancient Roman world

  Latin developed from a local dialect of central Italy to become the official language of ancient Rome, transmitting Roman law, government, literature and social and cultural knowledge and values throughout much of Europe, North Africa...

  Overview material | Latin

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students use Vietnamese to interact with the teacher and peers to exchange information and experiences relating to themselves, their family and friends. They use formulaic expressions to participate in simple transactional exchanges and collaborative activities, and to seek...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Auslan - First Language Learner - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students can identify the handshape movement and location of signs. Depending on their access to home-sign systems, they make use of varying levels of handling or SASS depicting signs, gradually learning the conventions of Auslan. They learn to use entity depicting signs to discuss movement and...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students interact with peers and the teacher in a variety of communicative activities where grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation are purposefully integrated. They primarily engage in a variety of listening and viewing activities, and understand familiar stories, songs and poems. Language use...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence

• German - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students interact with teachers and peers through action-related talk and play. They introduce themselves, exchange greetings and farewells, for example, Ich heiße … Auf Wiedersehen! and express likes and dislikes. When interacting, they use short formulaic...

  Level description | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2