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• VCFRC045

  Create own bilingual texts and learning resources such as displays, websites, newsletters or word banks

  Elaborations

  • creating parallel lists of informal French and English expressions for everyday interactions with friends and family, for example, à tout à l’heure! /‘ See you later’; génial/ ‘cool’; salut, ça va!/ ‘Good day!’; Amuse-toi bien/ ‘have fun’; bisous/ ‘love’
  • composing bilingual texts such as posters for class or school assembly performances, events or displays, for example, Les pays francophones, les fêtes françaises, le 14 juillet
  • using bilingual dictionaries and electronic translation tools to compose bilingual texts such as captions, menus or school timetables, comparing results and noticing problems associated with translation
  • constructing and co-maintaining a bilingual website with a sister-school or contact group of young English learners in a French-speaking community
  • creating bilingual texts for younger readers based on models such as Oops et Ohlala, involving one English-speaking and one French-speaking character and incorporating instances of possible intercultural miscommunication

  VCFRC045 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCHIC116

  Translate and interpret familiar social and community texts such as emails/text messages, informal conversations with friends, proverbs or quotations, considering the nature of translation and the role of culture when transferring meaning from one language to another

  Elaborations

  • translating and glossing words, symbols or expressions commonly used in emails and sms messages, for example, हे हे – LOL
  • recording, transcribing and translating short conversations between family members or friends from English into Hindi or vice versa, recording words or phrases that either do not translate or require no translation
  • translating proverbs such as दूर के ढोल सुहावने, examining literal translations for cultural information and identifying English-language proverbs that approximate the ideas behind the words (The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence)
  • identifying the need to sometimes recast language, considering why one language may use more words than another to communicate a particular meaning
  • discussing how translation sometimes involves literal decoding of word-for-word meaning, sometimes involves interpreting meaning and finding equivalent forms in the other language, and sometimes involves cultural meaning that cannot be translated
  • interpreting the significance of terms or phrases that carry specific cultural connotations which might be unfamiliar when translated into English, for example, साला, बहु, दलाल

  VCHIC116 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCIDC010

  Notice what may look or feel similar or different to own language and culture when interacting in Indonesian

  Elaborations

  • recognising ways in which Indonesian differs from English, for example, greetings depend on the strength/position of the sun; siblings are identified in relation to position in the family (for example, Kak (older sibling)); and ways of showing politeness may differ, for example, using first name for a teacher (Ibu Lynda)
  • noticing similarities and differences in language that relates to culture, such as the names of foods and animals particular to the climate and geography; and in cultural practices, such as extended families living together and attitudes towards pets, for example, that Muslims generally don’t keep dogs as pets
  • noticing and recalling information by responding to teacher prompts in Indonesian or English (for example, Kamu melihat apa? or ‘What do you notice about…?’) when viewing television programs, video clips of children’s stories, or pictures of families, homes and schools
  • developing language to discuss aspects of language and culture, for example, terms such as ‘country’, ‘groups of people’, sama/beda, or asking in English: ‘Why is…like that?’
  • describing how it feels to use Indonesian, for example, when singing a song or hearing Indonesian spoken by others

  VCIDC010 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITU037

  Understand that Italian is spoken in a variety of forms within and outside of Italy

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Italian is one of the most widely used languages among the many languages spoken in the Australian community
  • recognising that there is the standard language called ‘Italian’ as well as a number of different dialects spoken throughout Italy and the Italian diaspora, and that these may be used in hybrid ways
  • discussing the influence of English words on the Italian language and considering why word borrowing occurs, for example, English words incorporated into Italian (il tennis, i jeans, fare lo shopping, l’email) and Italian words incorporated into English (espresso, bellissimo)
  • identifying cognates, for example, nouns such as cioccolata, cinema, pera, parco and stazione; adjectives such as intelligente and interessante; and verbs such as arrivare, studiare, telefonare and visitare

  VCITU037 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCKOU188

  Explore and reflect on the impact of social, cultural and intercultural changes such as globalisation and new technologies on Korean as a language of local, international and virtual communication and on their own individual use of language

  Elaborations

  • examining how the creation of Hangeul impacted on the common people’s lives in a kingdom in 15th-century Korea, and discussing the role of script in aspects of culture and everyday life
  • exploring how globalisation has accelerated the use of English words and expressions in Korean language use, and discussing the advantages/disadvantages of these influences on languages, such as using technological terminology (for example, 인터넷, 키워드) or mixing Korean and English as lyrics in contemporary Korean popular music
  • examining how acronyms or short forms of words are used in Korean and in English (for example, 쌤, 여친, 남친, ‘ASAP’,‘RSVP’), and discussing how these forms reflect people’s changing lifestyles
  • reflecting on changes in their own language/s, identifying new terms and behaviours that they have adopted with changes in technology and social media, and on how such terms and behaviours have become part of everyday language used in different modes (for example, handwritten notes using language for electronic messaging, acronyms or emoticons replacing whole words or phrases)

  VCKOU188 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU141

  Learn the different sounds of the language and link these to written symbols and conventions

  Elaborations

  • noticing and distinguishing sounds of the language and matching these with written symbols
  • recognising when the language is being spoken and distinguishing sounds of the language from English sounds and other known languages
  • experimenting with sound patterns in song, noticing how words and expressions can be separated into syllables to fit different tunes and rhythms
  • reading texts aloud to strengthen their familiarity with sound–symbol relationships, experiment with rhyme and alliteration and with written representations of these features
  • recognising and imitating intonation patterns associated with statements and questions, and understanding how these are distinguished in writing
  • learning that writing systems represent sounds and meanings, and becoming familiar with how the alphabet associates individual sounds/ a range of sounds with particular letters/ combinations of letters
  • noticing the shared alphabetic base of the language, English and other languages, with some differences
  • learning the conventions associated with the written form of the language, such as spaces between words, direction of writing and page layout, and comparing these with written forms of English and other known languages
  • associating written forms of morphemes, words and phrases with spoken forms of the language

  VCLVU141 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU085

  Explore how the Turkish language and associated cultures, like all languages and cultures, are interrelated, how they shape and are shaped by each other in ways that change over time

  Elaborations

  • tracking changes in Turkish language and communicative practices over different times and contexts, identifying concepts and values that are differently expressed in the language at different times
  • analysing how and why Turkish-language community and media texts such as advertisements or notices use different representations of culture, for example, choosing traditional or contemporary references or images, or using terms from English or other languages
  • comparing examples of wording in texts such as public signs or announcements, which reflect cultural expectations or priorities, for example, duyduk duymadık demeyin, sayın yolcular, insaniyet namına
  • analysing core cultural concepts reflected in the Turkish language, such as saygı, sevgi, mecburiyet , sorumluluk, görev, dürüstlük, and discussing whether they can be expressed in English
  • finding traditional Turkish values and cultural references such as Türk misafirperverliği in everyday language, for example, using rica ederim, başka bir arzunuz var mı? Başımızın üstünde yeriniz var, Ne zahmeti canım!
  • identifying perspectives or values reflected in Turkish song lyrics, poems, idioms and expressions, such as Kırk fırın ekmek yemen lazım, Saçlarımı süpürge ettim, tanrı misafiri, misafir odası, şöhret için, Gel kim olursan ol gel, and comparing them with values expressed in similar text types in Australian English

  VCTRU085 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCZHC234

  Reflect on adjustments they and others make in their everyday language use, and connect these adjustments to aspects of experience, culture and roles in Australian society

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on how meanings of certain words are understood in different ways, for example, the different implications of using the term 他的店很肮脏
  • exploring multiple aspects of the concept of ‘identity’ by contrasting ‘individuality’ (个体) with ‘collective identity’ (集体)
  • identifying how their knowledge of Chinese and English opens up opportunities to expand their own world views
  • discussing experiences of ‘returning to home country’ (回国) and how they feel about the lifestyle and practices of their old home
  • reflecting on how their sense of being Chinese is influenced by their experience of living in Australia, for example, by maintaining a journal or blog
  • identifying features of communication in Chinese that are interpreted differently when applied in English communication, for example, examining how adjusting from a tonal language to English sometimes results in miscommunication of emotion or a perception of being abrupt
  • examining and reflecting on interactions that did not achieve their desired goal, and identifying strategies to enhance the effectiveness of their communication with others
  • reflecting on the challenges of addressing cultural assumptions and stereotyping when discussing aspects of life in Australia, for example, 有的澳大利亚人说到中国人就会说中国人怎么怎么样...，难道一个中国人做的事情就代表了所有的中国人么？

  VCZHC234 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCASFU142

  Understand that all languages including signed languages vary and borrow words and signs from each other

  Elaborations

  • understanding that there are two main Auslan dialects: the southern dialect used in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory; and the northern dialect used in New South Wales, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory
  • viewing videoed examples of Auslan signers from different parts of Australia, identifying the different signs used in southern and northern dialects, for example, signs for colours and some numbers
  • noticing that words such as proper nouns for names of people, places or schools are borrowed from English by fingerspelling and mouthing, but some also have sign names
  • recognising that Auslan borrows from other languages just as English does, and collecting words and signs used in their everyday lives that come from different signed and spoken languages
  • noticing the variation in ‘handedness’ between signers in relation to signs and fingerspelling: right handers using their right hand as their dominant (main) hand; left handers doing the opposite

  VCASFU142 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFU016

  Understand that all languages including signed languages vary and borrow words and signs from each other

  Elaborations

  • understanding that there are two main Auslan dialects: the southern dialect used in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Tasmania and the northern dialect used in New South Wales, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory
  • viewing videoed examples of Auslan signers from different parts of Australia, identifying the different signs used in southern and northern dialects, for example, signs for colours and some numbers
  • noticing that words such as proper nouns for names of people, places or schools are borrowed from English by fingerspelling and mouthing, but some also have sign names
  • recognising that Auslan borrows from other languages just as English does, and collecting words and signs used in their everyday lives that come from different signed and spoken languages
  • noticing the variation in ‘handedness’ between signers in relation to signs and fingerspelling: right handers using their right hand as their dominant (main) hand; left handers doing the opposite

  VCASFU016 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCDEC176

  Engage with a variety of imaginative texts, analysing the main ideas, values and techniques, and discussing issues and themes, using evidence from the texts to support their views

  Elaborations

  • expressing emotional or aesthetic responses to a range of digital and other texts, such as short stories, poems, cartoons, films and songs, and identifying how mood is created and narrative is developed through language and expression
  • identifying and commenting on techniques and linguistic choices which build action, develop character and position the reader, using modelled descriptive and analytic language
  • comparing lyrics, themes and styles of popular German- and English-language songs, and tracking similarities and differences in genres and modes of expression, for example, by comparing winners of popular television singing competitions in Europe and Australia
  • investigating popular films, books or computer games in German and English to identify common themes and issues in contemporary imaginative texts
  • analysing an imaginative text for the descriptive language and literary devices used in reference to a character, place or event to consider how they are portrayed

  VCDEC176 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHIC117

  Compose bilingual texts such as digital stories, comics, blogs or contributions to websites that capture the experience of ‘living between languages’

  Elaborations

  • creating texts such as blogs or posts on online forums that draw on their personal bilingual resources to explore the dynamic nature of intercultural experience
  • corresponding with young Hindi speakers in different contexts, using Hindi and English to describe and explain aspects of life in Australia
  • creating bilingual digital stories for younger learners that capture elements of their own experiences of using two languages and living in a multilingual society
  • creating glossaries in English to explain cultural references in contemporary Hindi texts that relate to trans-cultural experience
  • creating a bilingual virtual tour of the school for new or intending students, noticing which language is more appropriate for different elements of the presentation
  • creating bilingual texts such as leaflets or slogans to raise awareness of health or environmental issues among both language communities, for example, स्वच्छ भारत; छोटा परिवार - सुखी परिवार; बेटी बचाओ-बेटी पढ़ाओ

  VCHIC117 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCIDU101

  Understand that Indonesian is a national language that has been and continues to be changed through interaction with other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • identifying loan words in Indonesian and English, such as ‘cockatoo’ (kakaktua), ‘bamboo’ (bambu), ‘orangutan’, ‘satay’ (sate), ‘rattan’ (rotan), komputer, apartemen, televisi, pilot and modern, and understanding that borrowings are part of the nature of language
  • analysing texts as a class, recording loan words and investigating their origins, and comparing these with borrowings in English and other known languages
  • understanding the importance of Indonesian as a national language, for example, by discussing its origins and observing when and why it is used in contemporary society, such as by comparing versions of the national anthem

  VCIDU101 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITC066

  Translate texts, discussing different versions and why these might occur

  Elaborations

  • translating short phrases or texts, noting culture-specific words and phrases and discussing alternatives, equivalence or non-equivalence, for example, fare la passeggiata
  • translating texts describing events occurring in present and past, considering that Italian expresses concepts across time in different ways to English
  • selecting from options to translate short phrases and texts, and explaining choices
  • taking note of ‘false friends’ in translation, for example, that the English word ‘annoyed’ does not translate to ‘annoiato’ in Italian
  • comparing own translation to one done by using an electronic translator, and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using electronic translators and the sort of issues that emerge from their use
  • using strategies to avoid literal translation
  • using monolingual and bilingual dictionaries and word lists to assist in developing meaning

  VCITC066 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCITC049

  Compare everyday social experiences and related language use and consider own responses and reactions and those of others

  Elaborations

  • comparing how Italian and English are used in learning to agree/disagree politely with others when questioning and evaluating, for example, (non) sono d’accordo. Anch’io. Secondo me non è vero/bello/giusto
  • exploring with the teacher aspects of Italian culture that may create comfort/discomfort with the ideas and language used by others, for example, fare il bidet
  • learning the appropriate phrases to mark respect for age, gender, or social authority
  • reflecting on experiences of the Italian language and culture being located in and intertwined with the language and culture of English speakers in Australia, for example, in shop signs (Barbiere, Panificio, Macelleria, Farmacia, Moda, Cibo, Fiori, Assaggio)

  VCITC049 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITC087

  Reflect on participation in intercultural exchange, taking responsibility for contributing to mutual understanding

  Elaborations

  • exchanging correspondence with peers, reviewing and adapting own contribution when meaning is not clear, for example, providing further explanation or an alternative way of expressing an idea, for example, Intendo dire che … Sottolineo l’importanza di …
  • considering own and others’ responses and reactions in Italian–English intercultural exchange, questioning assumptions and values
  • creating texts to share with Italian peers, considering how own cultural practices and values may be interpreted, for example, ways of showing respect, family taboos, or involvement in religious, sport or community organisations
  • reflecting on and explaining practices that need to be considered when communicating across Italian- and English-speaking languages and cultures
  • considering how their own behaviour may be interpreted by Italians in Italy and in the diaspora
  • analysing correspondence with Italian peers to notice what questions are asked about lifestyle and practices in Australia, and reflecting on own questions and the assumptions these reveal

  VCITC087 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITU074

  Recognise the impact of media and technology on the way Italian is changing as a language of local and international communication

  Elaborations

  • discussing global and cultural influences on the Italian language and noticing when and how hybrid forms are used, for example, use of numbers, mathematical symbols, single letters and acronyms to replace words in SMS messaging, such as TVTB (ti voglio tanto bene), 6 (sei), x (per)
  • investigating the impact of the media on the Italian language by analysing headlines, advertisements and news reports, and comparing these with texts in English (for example, comparisons of vocabulary or syntax) noticing how English is modifying Italian in particular spheres, for example, language used in the entertainment industry, in movies and television series; and language used to express contemporary concepts (match, hardware, fast food, acquagym, relax, weekend, budget, fiction)

  VCITU074 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAC135

  Create bilingual versions of familiar texts such as songs, conversations, picture dictionaries, captions for images and displays, or photo stories

  Elaborations

  • including some Japanese words, exclamations or phrases when interacting in English in simple games or exchanges that involve feelings or reactions, for example, いたい, あぶない, oh that was fun, でも　まけた。 Anne さん, that was すごい！
  • performing bilingual versions of familiar songs such as ‘If You’re Happy and You Know It …’, alternating between the two languages and switching key words in repeated phrases
  • creating personal print or digital bilingual dictionaries that include visual cues and representations
  • creating simple activities or action songs that involve alternating or combining repeated words or phrases in Japanese and English, such as verbs, question words or months of the year, for example, せんせい says

  VCJAC135 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCJAC027

  Create print, digital and multimodal bilingual resources for the school and wider community, such as notices and instructions, announcements, promotional material and invitations

  Elaborations

  • creating an online bilingual class profile to send to a Japanese sister school or present to Japanese visitors to the school, including translations and/or explanation of key terms and expressions associated with events or school celebrations
  • providing bilingual subtitles or captions for a cartoon or comic that depicts intercultural encounters, for example, interactions between a Japanese exchange student and an Australian host family
  • creating simple bilingual texts for English and Japanese speakers, such as community information leaflets, menus, timetables or brochures, that include contextual and visual support
  • designing and maintaining a bilingual website with a Japanese sister school or another group of Japanese learners in Australia, considering the best use of each language depending on the context and nature of the information or interaction
  • creating bilingual texts for specific audiences, for example, songs or games for younger learners of Japanese, or a schedule for an event likely to interest both English and Japanese speakers, noticing how expression and representation need to be tailored to suit different audiences

  VCJAC027 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCJAU177

  Understand how and why different scripts are used in different types of texts, such as announcements, tickets, advertisements, public signs or manga

  Elaborations

  • recognising key features and structures of familiar texts in Japanese, such as lost child announcements, spoken commercials or print advertisements, for example, by identifying formulaic expressions, and comparing with expressions in similar texts in English
  • recognising the format of different Japanese texts and punctuation conventions in either たてがき or よこがき, and understanding how this varies according to the context, purpose and intended audience
  • understanding how to create textual cohesion, using elements such as paragraphing or conjunctions to sequence and link ideas and to maintain the flow of expression, for example, だから、それで、それに
  • comparing and contrasting the structures of a variety of authentic community texts in Japanese and English, exploring how the audience, purpose and context influence each language version

  VCJAU177 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language