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• VCDEC129

  Notice and describe what looks or feels similar or different to own language and culture when interacting in German

  Elaborations

  • recognising that there are similarities and differences between German and English ways of showing politeness, for example, the use of family names after Frau and Herr, responding to danke schön with bitte schön, shaking hands
  • noticing how own language use influences expectations about German language use, for example, wanting to use one word for ‘you’, and not expecting to capitalise all nouns
  • considering how aspects of own language might be understood from a German perspective, for example, culture-specific expressions such as ‘school assembly’, ‘kick a footy’, or eating ’brekky’
  • noticing that there are alternative ideas and ways of interacting to those offered by one’s own language and culture
  • exploring how language is linked to a place, time and people, and what they do together, for example, by examining the meanings and associations they make with words and expressions such as zu Hause, Pausenbrot and Spielplatz

  VCDEC129 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCDEU187

  Understand that language and culture are interrelated and that they shape and are shaped by each other

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of moving between cultures in and out of school, in local and virtual environments, and through the experience of learning and using German
  • reflecting on how learning German has impacted on own assumptions about German language, culture or identity and on awareness of own communicative and cultural behaviours and of how these may be interpreted by others, for example, Früher dachte ich, dass die Schweizer … Jetzt verstehe ich, dass …
  • analysing how language use and culture reflect and shape relationships, practices and attitudes, such as expressions and concepts in German related to education, social equality, national identity and commitment to world peace, for example, Ausbildung/Erziehung; Nationalismus/Heimat; those related to Ausländer in German-speaking countries and those within Germany, such as Nord–Süd/Ost–West (Ossi/Wessi)

  VCDEU187 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCDEU136

  Make connections between culture and language use, for example, by identifying vocabulary and expressions that reflect cultural values, traditions or practices

  Elaborations

  • comparing terms across German-speaking cultures, for example, Liebchen/Liebling, mein Schatz, Spitznamen
  • recognising that language carries cultural ideas, for example, Sommerbeginn, which is officially 1 December in Australia but 21/22 June in Europe; hitzefrei (‘heat-free’), referring to the practice of dismissing students early from school if a certain temperature is reached or forecast; or Wald, the setting in many German fairy tales
  • recognising character traits and values, such as those of animal characters in German stories, for example, the wolf in Rotkäppchen, and comparing them with familiar Australian stories
  • learning how to communicate about culture and language using terms such as ‘meaning’, ‘difference’ and ‘behaviour’
  • discussing parallel expressions such as ‘G’day’/Tag, ‘morning tea’/Kaffeepause and ‘Bless you’/Gesundheit

  VCDEU136 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELC018

  Initiate and sustain interactions by sharing personal opinions and experiences, face-to-face or online, with peers, and comparing aspects of young people’s lives, such as relationships, events and aspirations

  Elaborations

  • initiating conversations, for example, with peers and sister-school friends, using expressions appropriate to context and audience, such as Tί έκανες χτες; Πάμε στο γλέντι;
  • sustaining face-to-face or online conversations on topics of mutual interest, for example, το πάρτυ, η μουσική, η φιλία, η μόδα, parties, music, friendship, fashion, through active listening strategies, turn-taking and verbal and non-verbal responses, for example, shrugging shoulders, head shaking
  • extending and elaborating on modelled language to elicit others’ and express own experiences and opinions, for example,Τι νομίζεις; Πιστεύω ότι, Μ’ αρέσει καλύτερα η θάλασσα, Συμφωνείς;
  • using formulaic language to share and compare aspects of teenage life, for example, Το κινητό μου είναι μαύρο, Το δικό μου είναι μεγαλύτερο, and aspirations, for example, Θέλω να γίνω ...

  VCELC018 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELC146

  Engage in intercultural experiences, comparing ways of communicating in Australian and Greek-speaking contexts and identifying ways that culture influences language use

  Elaborations

  • exploring how children from Greek-speaking communities may use different words and expressions, and considering why such variations exist (in Australia – κάρο instead of αυτοκίνητο, ρούφι instead of σκεπή, or φλόρι instead of πάτωμα – these are not Greek words and they are used incorrectly, as compared to words such as μπασκετμπολίστας, τενίστας, which are official Greek words)
  • investigating aspects of own language use that reflect own cultural perspective and experiences, for example, using colloquialisms and idioms such as ‘arvo’, ‘g’day’, ‘howzat’, ‘mozzie’
  • reflecting on situations where interactions in Greek have felt awkward or difficult, discussing own reactions and adjustments, for example, kissing on both cheeks
  • considering what linguistic or cultural information they would need to know to visit a school in Greece or Cyprus and discussing adjustments they may need to make in language use and behaviour

  VCELC146 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCELC026

  Create bilingual texts that draw on Greek and English for different purposes, such as menus or product instructions designed for both language contexts

  Elaborations

  • creating a range of bilingual texts to entertain and inform others, such as video clips, cartoons, posters and brochures
  • creating a shared website with a group of Greek-speaking students, posting items of interest, comments and questions in Greek and English
  • creating a storyboard outline which brings familiar English-speaking characters to Greek-speaking worlds and contexts, such as Harry Potter as your tour guide in Athens or Nicosia
  • creating a glossary of key vocabulary and expressions used in informative and persuasive texts, such as promotional material, Μη χάσετε, Τελευταία προσφορά
  • creating bilingual captions for tourist attractions in Greece, Cyprus or Australia to explain their significance and cultural references, for example, bush, beach, το Αιγαίο, Πέτρα του Ρωμιού, Άγιον Όρος
  • creating bilingual texts to give information and instructions to others, for example, a bilingual brochure about the school for a visiting group of exchange students
  • creating a menu in Greek with footnotes in English about the ingredients

  VCELC026 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELU135

  Understand that languages change over time and that they influence each other, recognising words in English that are derived from Greek and words in Greek that are derived from other languages

  Elaborations

  • recognising that the language used by the Ancient Greeks has developed into the Modern Greek language and that the Greek language has influenced many languages including English
  • understanding that there is the standard language called ‘Modern Greek’ as well as a number of different dialects spoken throughout Greece and the Greek diaspora
  • noticing that languages are fluid and ever-evolving and can be incorporated into and influence other languages beyond their own (for example, Ancient Greek has influenced and still influences many languages of the world)
  • viewing inscriptions on Ancient Greek tombstones (for example, from Vergina), coins (for example, from from Alexander the Great or King Philip’s reign) and vases (for example, from the Hellenistic era)
  • recognising that some words in Greek are borrowed from other languages, for example, πάρτυ, χόμπυ, μπάσκετ, κομπιούτερ
  • examining the etymology of everyday words in English which are derived from Greek morphemes/words or from Greek myths (for example, aeroplane, Ajax, history, mathematics, Nike, school, story) and discussing the extent to which this has occurred

  VCELU135 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELU013

  Recognise and use vocabulary and grammatical elements such as articles, pronouns and gender forms, and a limited range of common verbs in the present tense to create simple sentences and phrases

  Elaborations

  • using nouns and verbs, recognising agreement and word order, for example, Η μαμά μου είναι ...
  • understanding and applying the concept of verb conjugation by using appropriate verb endings
  • indicating quantity using plural forms, for example, ο, η, το, οι, οι, τα
  • using negative expressions such as δεν, μη
  • conjugating the present tense
  • using common verbs such as γράφω, θέλω, τρέχω to describe simple actions
  • using definite and indefinite articles, for example, ο, η, το,ένας, μία, ένα
  • applying appropriate gender to nouns
  • using singular and plural pronouns εγώ, εσύ, αυτός/η/ο, εμείς, εσείς, αυτοί/ες/α
  • developing knowledge of vocabulary related to personal world, for example, self, family, friends, school and home, leisure activities, food and drink

  VCELU013 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESC128

  Participate in collaborative tasks and experiences such as creating and presenting a display or performance and following procedures and instructions

  Elaborations

  • working together on tasks such as designing a poster for a special event, planning a puppet show, or creating menus or picture books for ‘buddy’ classes, collaborating to make decisions about content, vocabulary and design, for example, ¿Cuál quieres, ésta o ésa? Dame/toma/pásame el pegamento/la goma...
  • working with visual, print and digital modes of expression to create invitations for a party, performance or class event, for example, Querido/a amigo/a; Me gustaría invitarte a mi...... el 15 de enero ¡Te espero! ¡Nos vemos en mi casa! Gracias. Hasta pronto
  • preparing, rehearsing and conducting public presentations and performances such as an item in Spanish for school assembly or a presentation to parents
  • following procedures and instructions for shared activities, for example, following a recipe for guacamole, paper cutting decorations, making a cometa or papalote, or completing a simple science experiment such as germinating a bean

  VCESC128 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCESC152

  Translate simple texts that provide comparisons between cultural aspects of meaning-making in Spanish and English and note how language cannot always be directly translated

  Elaborations

  • identifying words and expressions that do not translate directly from Spanish into English, for example, tomar el pelo, saltarse la clase de español, ¡Es pan comido!
  • collecting examples of ‘false friends’ identified when translating between Spanish and English, for example, carpeta/‘folder’, contestar/‘answer’, pie/‘foot’
  • interpreting words and expressions encountered in simple texts such as greeting cards, menus or story titles that do not translate easily into English and that reflect aspects of culture from the Spanish-speaking world, for example, Feliz día de tu Santo, Feliz Día de Reyes. ¡Buen provecho!
  • translating texts such as public signs to identify differences in elements such as levels of politeness or directness, for example, No pisar el cesped, Prohibido comer y beber, Silence please
  • creating Spanish versions of Australian school signs and notices, considering why some words or expressions require freer translation than others, for example, the sports oval, the tuck shop, out of bounds, sick room, ‘No hat, no play’

  VCESC152 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESC170

  Translate and interpret a range of texts, compare own version with others’ and discuss reasons for any variations

  Elaborations

  • comparing own translation of a text with classmates’, commenting on differences and similarities between versions, considering possible reasons for these, and preparing a collaborative online whole-class version
  • commenting on representations of community cultural events such as Festival de Cine Mexicano, celebraciones de la vida de personajes del mundo hispanohablante en Australia, such as Monseñor Oscar Arnulfo Romero de El Salvador, explaining particular language or images in terms of cultural associations
  • translating different types of short messages or communications (Mañana voy a estrenar mi vestido, ¿Te gustó la sobremesa? No me tomes el pelo, It costs an arm and a leg, This job is a piece of cake ), reflecting on challenges associated with transferring meaning from one language to another
  • assisting a visiting Spanish speaker to communicate with an audience of school students and staff who have not studied Spanish, by explaining and interpreting aspects of their language and/or culture
  • selecting and explaining individual words or phrases in Spanish whose meaning can be affected by context, for example, Tengo una pila de cosas para hacer. La pila del celular se ha acabado

  VCESC170 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESC027

  Create bilingual texts such as displays, explanatory or promotional material or performances for immediate and virtual environments

  Elaborations

  • providing bilingual captions that represent cultural elements or references to accompany images from the Spanish-speaking world or from regional Australia, for example, los nazarenos en las procesiones de Semana Santa, el sombrero mexicano y el sombrero de los corchos australiano, el ‘vegemite’ y las tortillas españolas, el canguro y el cóndor, el rodeo y los toros, bailes y ceremonias indígenas
  • producing bilingual instructional or explanatory texts such as glossaries, for example to explain the rules of Australian games, activities or sports, such as cricket, netball, Australian Rules football, bushwalking or surf lifesaving
  • creating and contributing to a shared online bilingual word bank of Spanish and English colloquial and idiomatic words that are difficult to translate, for example, comadre, compadre, qué metida de pata; ‘schoolies’, ‘School of the Air’, ‘sickie’
  • performing a virtual guided tour for intending exchange students, including dramatisations of potential miscommunication between Spanish and English speakers

  VCESC027 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCESC137

  Explore own sense of identity, for example, by discussing membership of groups such as a club, a country or a language-speaking community, and how these elements of identity are reflected in language use

  Elaborations

  • talking about their own identity and language use and creating captioned representations of their membership of clubs or groups (Voy al club de los scouts, Mi equipo es el mejor), their country (nuestro país) or language-speaking community (en mi idioma…)
  • reflecting on their experience of learning and using Spanish, considering prompt questions such as: Does this feel unfamiliar? What does this mean to me? How is this different to my usual experience?
  • creating a self-profile, using captioned photos, slide presentations, online internal school Vokis or concept maps to highlight key characteristics, relationships and ways of using language, for example, Tengo nueve años; Vivo en Sídney. Estudio chino los sábados
  • using simple words and expressions selected from word banks and modelled statements to create personal profiles that highlight key characteristics and features of identity, for example, soy chino/a y australiano/a, Hablo chino, inglés y un poco de español. Soy muy valiente

  VCESC137 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCESC171

  Produce short bilingual texts such as digital stories, comics and blogs, and discuss how language reflects culture

  Elaborations

  • creating subtitles, captions or commentaries for texts such as brochures, slide show presentations or video clips that inform the school community of aspects of Spanish-speaking cultures, for example, El Carnaval de Barranquilla, Festival de Viña del Mar
  • producing bilingual community texts such as posters or advertisements in print or multimedia format, for example, to promote a concert or an interview with a celebrity for a teen radio station
  • composing menus or programs for Spanish-themed events, with key items/information in Spanish and explanatory footnotes/glossaries in English
  • corresponding with Spanish-speaking peers using both Spanish and English, conveying aspects of Australian culture such as places or events of interest, leisure and sports activities, wildlife and environment
  • creating and illustrating a bilingual children’s story for younger learners, using each language in creative and engaging ways, for example, El hijo desobediente or El conejo y el coyote
  • providing an English commentary for video clips of Spanish-language social interactions in different situations and contexts, such as taking a bus to the city, visiting the dentist or buying a video game, explaining elements that may be unfamiliar to Australian viewers

  VCESC171 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCFRC044

  Translate simple texts from French to English and vice versa, noticing which words or phrases require interpretation or explanation

  Elaborations

  • finding and using phrases that have direct translations between French and English, for example, Bonsoir/ ‘good evening’, un beau jour/ ‘one fine day’, Messieurs-Dames/ ‘Ladies and Gentlemen’
  • creating French versions of Australian school signs and notices, considering why some words or expressions require freer translation than others, for example, the swimming pool, the sports oval, the tuck shop, the library, the office
  • interpreting expressions in familiar texts such as greeting cards or story titles that do not translate easily into English (for example, bonne fête! Quelle porcherie!), and considering how these expressions reflect aspects of French language or culture
  • translating and explaining the meaning of words or expressions associated with celebrations in French-speaking regions of the world, for example, le poisson d’avril, la bûche de Noël, le Ramadan, Aïd el-Fitre, la Toussaint, la Fête de la Musique

  VCFRC044 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCFRC040

  Gather and compare information from a range of sources relating to social and cultural worlds

  Elaborations

  • extracting points of information from sources such as websites, books and magazines on social and environmental issues such as le recyclage or la conservation de l’eau, and recording key phrases and vocabulary for use in group projects
  • conducting surveys with peers and family members to report on social behaviours such as preferred modes of communication, for example, le téléphone, le courriel, les conversations face à face, les textos
  • drawing from a range of informative texts such as videos, books and websites to collect and compare information on topics such as family life, housing or schooling in different cultural contexts, for example, la campagne, les villes, les appartements
  • viewing subtitled video clips on different francophone communities, commenting on key facts and features, and recording new vocabulary and expressions for use in shared texts
  • working with simple informative texts such as advertisements, video clips or features in teen magazines to share impressions of the lifestyles of young French speakers in different contexts

  VCFRC040 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCFRC073

  Discuss and compare young people’s interests, behaviours and values across cultural contexts, using formal and informal registers

  Elaborations

  • using different forms of communication, including formal debates and informal exchanges, to discuss young people’s experience in contemporary culture, for example, la santé des jeunes, la vie des banlieues, les rapports avec les parents
  • initiating and sustaining conversation by introducing topics, inviting contributions or asking for clarification, for example, je n’ai pas bien compris … si on parlait de…? qu’est-ce que vous en pensez?
  • focusing on oral fluency and accuracy, exploring how rhythm, pitch and the use of connectives (for example, normalement…à vrai dire…) and gestures contribute to maintaining momentum and increasing confidence and engagement
  • contributing to online discussions with young people in French-speaking contexts, comparing aspects of school and home life, for example, les examens, le stress, les sports, les droits, les responsabilités

  VCFRC073 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC093

  Participate in classroom routines and interactions by following instructions, asking and answering questions, and requesting help or permission

  Elaborations

  • asking and answering questions (for example, qu’est-ce que c’est? c’est… ce sont…), and requesting clarification or permission, for example, j’ai une question, comment dit-on…? comment ça s’écrit…?
  • requesting information, explanation or help, for example, pouvez-vous répéter plus lentement s’il vous plaît? qu’est-ce que cela veut dire? je peux recommencer?
  • responding to directions or requests, for example, cliquez sur l’image du chȃteau, choisissez la forme négative
  • discussing aspects of school and social life and responding to each other’s contributions, for example, c’est génial! c’est une bonne idée; ah non, je ne suis pas d’accord
  • using active-listening and turn-taking strategies, for example, et toi, tu es d’accord?… à moi maintenant!

  VCFRC093 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC001

  Interact with each other and the teacher using simple language and gestures for exchanges such as greetings and farewells, thanks and introductions, and for talking about self and family

  Elaborations

  • introducing themselves and responding to greetings, for example, Comment t’appelles-tu? Je m’appelle…; Ça va, Emilie? Ça va bien, merci
  • using simple descriptive or expressive statements to describe themselves and to express likes, preferences or feelings, for example, moi, j’ai cinq ans; je suis australien; j’aime le sport; moi, je préfère la danse; je suis très content
  • recognising and responding to simple questions on topics such as home, school or pets, using supporting intonation and gestures, for example, Qui est-ce? C’est Maman. Qu’est-ce que c’est? C’est la chaise. Où est…? Il est…C’est un chien? Mais non…C’est un chat!
  • using formulaic French phrases for everyday interactions such as thanking, apologising, and offering wishes or congratulations, for example, Merci!…oh, pardon; bon appétit; bonne fête! bravo!

  VCFRC001 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC055

  Participate in a range of spoken and written interactions, for example, exchanging views or experiences, apologising or excusing, inviting or congratulating

  Elaborations

  • using the appropriate register when exchanging greetings, introductions, apologies or health enquiries, for example, Salut mon pote! Ça roule? Bonjour, Mademoiselle Charpent, comment allez-vous? Enchanté! Je m’excuse, Monsieur, vous vous appellez comment? Ciao, Pierre, à tout de suite!
  • using descriptive and expressive language to talk about aspects of school, home and social life, for example, Ma sœur m’ennuie parce que…; c’est bien/dûr d’être ado car…; ce que je déteste/j’adore, c’est la musique/l’informatique /les maths; s’il faut redoubler…!
  • communicating in face-to-face or online discussion and debate with peers and French-speaking contacts about social and environmental issues, such as l’influence de la musique, l’environnement digital or le recyclage, referencing community attitudes and changing practices
  • composing formal and informal versions of invitations and/or replies to invitations, taking account of the context and the relationship with the recipient of the text

  VCFRC055 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising