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• Languages | Hindi: Learning in Hindi

  Hindi language learning

  Hindi is an official language of India and Fiji. It is the most widely spoken language of the Indian subcontinent and is also widely spoken throughout the world in countries that include the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Mauritius, the Gulf countries and Australia.

  Overview material | Hindi

• VCLVU171

  Explore connections between identity and cultural values and beliefs and the expression of these connections in Aboriginal languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding the role of Aboriginal languages and cultures in caring for Country/Place and the environment
  • investigating how Aboriginal peoples express their relationship with the natural environment through language, for example, words/expressions associated with seasons, stars, winds, reefs, rivers, waterholes, plants and animals
  • gaining understanding through discussions with respected community members of the importance and significance of Welcome to Country/Place
  • understanding that Aboriginal languages are keeping places for cultural, environmental and social knowledge
  • recognising that song and song language play a central role as keeping places of knowledge
  • understanding that Aboriginal languages have a rich oral literature, which recounts epic journeys and events associated with totemic ancestors/cultural heroes, and that these stories map the land and embody values and mores of Aboriginal cultures
  • understanding and discussing the importance of story and the role of story-telling in transmitting language and culture
  • recognising ways in which cultural values are expressed in language, for example, through forms of address, speech prohibitions and styles, language of respect, land–language associations and non-verbal communicative behaviours
  • observing that concepts may be culture-specific, for example, expressing spatial awareness, how relationships are structured, how time and quantity are expressed, how land, water, sea and sky are viewed
  • recognising that Aboriginal languages have various social, spiritual and cultural functions within communities

  VCLVU171 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCASFU162

  Explore connections between identity and cultural values and beliefs and the expression of these connections in Auslan

  Elaborations

  • exploring culture as an essential part of human life, understanding that it is shared, passed on between generations and is closely connected to language and to identity
  • understanding that culture is more than the visible aspects of people’s lives, that it also includes invisible elements such as beliefs and values, how people think about themselves and others, how they relate to their social and physical environments, and how this understanding applies to themselves as users of their first language and as learners of Auslan
  • recognising that in each culture there are general rules for what to say and do, when, where and with whom, and that these rules differ from culture to culture, for example, the Deaf culture places greater importance on eye contact than cultures that communicate through spoken languages
  • recognising that language reflects values and beliefs, for example in expressions of personal identity or in the recognition of others (sameness and difference), for example by identifying deaf family members as part of introductions, and by relaying cultural information about background and context and shared knowledge when interacting with others

  VCASFU162 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCESU123

  Recognise that in Spanish different words and language forms are used to address and greet people according to relationship, context and time of day

  Elaborations

  • understanding that different forms of language are used with different people, for example, appropriate pronouns and forms of address such as tú, vos, doctor García, Doña Aura
  • understanding that language use varies according to context and situation, for example, language used when interacting with peers during playground games is different to that used with teachers in class (Hola, ¿qué tal?; Buenos días señora García, ¿cómo está?)
  • understanding that language exchanges in Spanish such as greetings vary according to the time of day or the occasion, for example, Buenas tardes, Buenas noches, Felicidades. Feliz Año Nuevo
  • identifying social relationships between people observed interacting in Spanish-language materials such as video clips or cartoons

  VCESU123 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU124

  Recognise that there are differences in how language is used in different cultural and social contexts, such as ways of greeting and addressing people

  Elaborations

  • exploring how language is used differently in Japanese to reflect different relationships, for example, parent–child exchanges おはよう、いってらっしゃい、いってきます、ただいま、おかえり, communication with peers なに？, and teacher–child interactions なんですか。
  • understanding that language use varies according to the context and situation, for example, こんにちは。and もしもし。
  • understanding that language forms such as greetings vary according to the time of day or the occasion, for example, おはよう、こんにちは、こんばんは
  • understanding that language used in particular interactions can vary between cultural contexts, for example, the use of titles in Japanese (～さん、～せんせい) compared to the informal use of names in Australian English

  VCJAU124 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCELC164

  Reflect on how own biography, including personal experiences, family origins, traditions and beliefs, impacts on identity and shapes own intercultural experiences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the experience of learning and using Greek and the role of language and culture in expressing identity, and considering the influence of own background on ways of communicating, such as in the use of gestures and body language
  • reflecting on how learning Greek may have impacted on own identity and understanding of the world such as an increased awareness of representations of Greece and Cyprus in the media

  VCELC164 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCITU129

  Analyse the features of a range of spoken, written and multimodal texts, recognising grammatical structures, cohesion and coherence

  Elaborations

  • comparing procedural, recount and persuasive texts in Italian and English (for example, recipes, advertisements and weather reports) and describing their similarities and differences
  • understanding the elements that create coherence at a whole text level such as the use of cohesive devices, linked paragraphs and sequencing of ideas

  VCITU129 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU194

  Explore language building processes and protocols in communities

  Elaborations

  • investigating language revival efforts in their own community and neighbouring regions, for example, who and what is involved, successes, challenges and protocols, and what these efforts mean to local communities
  • understanding what lexical and grammatical resources and processes are available to build language, for example, linguistic resources and analogies from neighbouring languages, speakers, archival material
  • investigating/understanding protocols for filling gaps and extending semantic domains in the language, including protocols for borrowing from other languages, for creating words by analogy and drawing from within the resources of the language, and discussing associated ethical issues
  • investigating/researching the protocols for receiving, transferring and publishing linguistic resources
  • understanding the importance of intergenerational collaboration in reviving languages, and discussing some of the associated challenges
  • discussing the importance of reviving languages for the individual, the language community and the wider Australian society
  • identifying potential avenues/domains for expansion of the language and gaps to be filled, with the support of community language teams and respected community members
  • appreciating the role of languages advocacy, education and research in building languages
  • understanding how the process of language-building expands existing linguistic and cultural resources in the Australian community

  VCLVU194 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCLVU150

  Recognise that learning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages can provide language revival benefits to communities

  Elaborations

  • understanding that language is communally owned and therefore owners must be consulted regarding any use of it, including learning it in school
  • identifying and engaging with local identities/personalities/people who are involved in language revival efforts
  • considering why learning an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander language is important in Australia

  VCLVU150 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCNRU115

  Develop knowledge of vocabulary and sentence structures to elaborate meaning

  Elaborations

  • extending understanding and use of present, past and future tenses
  • referring to the past, present and future using time indicators
  • expanding use of adjectives
  • developing knowledge of vocabulary relating to, for example, immediate environments, relationships, leisure, hobbies, shopping, travel

  VCNRU115 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCRAC025

  Translate using textual cues such as pictures, layout and key words to predict meaning, and comment on the non-equivalence of words due to cultural differences

  Elaborations

  • translating texts such as public signs to understand their gist and noticing how meaning changes when translating into English, such as levels of politeness
  • identifying and explaining expressions which do not easily translate into English
  • comparing translations of creative works (such as a song or advertisement), noticing how words have more than just a literal meaning

  VCRAC025 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHC168

  Create bilingual texts relating to other learning areas and topics of interest, considering the influence of different roles, relationships, settings and situations when interpreting both Chinese and English

  Elaborations

  • observing others involved in interpreting meaning in bilingual contexts and identifying challenges and potential issues in mediation
  • using Chinese dictionaries to enhance understanding of subtle differences in how and when words are used, and applying this knowledge to interpreting meanings in texts and interactions

  VCZHC168 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHU236

  Identify and explain the differences between traditional and simplified characters, inferring meaning and sound of unfamiliar characters from knowledge of components and positions

  Elaborations

  • analysing relationships between characters and meanings in phrases representing auspicious meanings such as 年年有鱼－年年有余;年糕－年年高升; 枣栗子－早立子; 8－发.
  • applying understanding of orthographic principles to correct mistakes in own character writing

  VCZHU236 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU013

  Engage with familiar text types to predict meaning

  Elaborations

  • viewing samples of children’s books, and identifying headings and images, appreciating their role in supporting understanding of texts
  • comparing similar texts in Chinese and English (for example, a poster for a movie, such as 《功夫熊猫》) and identifying major elements of the Chinese text

  VCZHU013 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Auslan - Second Language Learner - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use Auslan to share information, experiences, interests, thoughts and feelings about their personal and immediate worlds. They use modelled constructions, ask for repetition or clarification, such as please slow sign, and use strategies such as fingerspelling to...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Languages | Chinese: Learning in Chinese

  Chinese language learning

  China's official language is Modern Standard Chinese, or Putonghua (the common or shared language) in Chinese. The language is also referred to as Hanyu, the spoken language of the Han people, or Zhongwen, the written language of China. In Taiwan it is more usually called...

  Overview material | Chinese

• VCASFU120

  Explore various types of non-manual features, types of iconicity in signs and the use of software to transcribe signs

  Elaborations

  • understanding that NMFs are important in sign language for marking forms such as questions
  • identifying, demonstrating and describing the various types of NMFs: movements of the eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, shoulders and body
  • identifying the NMFs in statements, yes/no questions, wh- questions, and negatives
  • noticing that in signed languages meaning can be expressed through signs or through fingerspelling
  • understanding that signs can be iconic in a number of ways, such as representing a whole object or part of an object
  • identifying signs with different levels of iconicity, for example, those that are fully transparent, translucent or arbitrary
  • exploring, with support, software such as ELAN to annotate signed texts

  VCASFU120 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU034

  Explain how meanings may vary according to cultural assumptions and perspectives that people bring to interactions and experiences, recognising that such variations impact on intercultural communication

  Elaborations

  • examining existing generalisations relating to different cultures, such as in the classroom or local community, and discussing the variability of reality
  • reflecting on the impact of own values and cultural practices on intercultural experiences, and understanding the importance of mutual and self-respect, for example, understanding concepts such as το φιλότιμο, η τιμή
  • considering how the experience of learning a new language has impacted on awareness of own communicative behaviours and how these may be interpreted by others
  • appreciating that language use can reflect and express cultural identity, that many languages exist in Greece, Cyprus and Australia and that many people are multilingual and value this as part of their identity

  VCELU034 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCJAU120

  Recognise sounds and rhythms of spoken Japanese, and learn how sounds are produced and represented in the three different scripts

  Elaborations

  • recognising the concept of the basic unit of sound in Japanese (‘mora’: モーラ or 拍(はく)), for example, いいえ has three moras
  • understanding that the independent nasal sound ‘n’ (ん) has a mora of its own, for example, こんにちは
  • understanding that when pronouncing Japanese it is important to keep the length of each mora even
  • noticing that statements and questions have different intonation patterns

  VCJAU120 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOC174

  Participate in classroom interactions and exchanges such as giving and following instructions, clarifying meanings, explaining and describing actions and reflecting on responses

  Elaborations

  • inviting people to give opinions or suggestions 어떻게 생각해요? 무엇을 먼저 이야기할까요?
  • expressing opinions using reflective language as set phrases, for example, 제 생각에는 …, 아마…, 글쎄요, …–인 것 같아요
  • indicating/checking understanding or non-understanding (알겠어요/모르겠어요(?)) and clarifying instructions or specific meanings (다시 설명해 주세요, 무슨 뜻이에요?)
  • giving and following instructions, and asking and responding to questions relating to aspects of learning activities, for example, 아직 쓰지 마세요, 숙제를 언제까지 해요/내요? 어디에서 정보를 찾아요?

  VCKOC174 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising