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• VCASFC063

  Create bilingual texts to use in the wider school community, identifying words/signs or expressions that carry specific cultural meaning in either Auslan or English

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual texts that inform the school community about Deaf culture
  • captioning examples of deaf poetry, noticing areas of difficulty and considering possible reasons for this, and comparing individual translations with those of classmates to determine if similar challenges were faced by others
  • creating bilingual public information texts, such as details about Deaf community events such as the National Week of Deaf People schedule and the importance of the event, and posting these on the school website
  • transcribing short, simple spoken texts such as instructions or procedures into Auslan and filming the translations, for example, recipe requests by food technology teachers for their classes

  VCASFC063 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC059

  Exchange/provide information, opinions and experiences in either formal or informal contexts

  Elaborations

  • working in groups to create an informative multimedia text that invites debate of a social or cultural question, such as the medical versus cultural view of deafness
  • viewing two or more related signed texts on a selected topic, summarising and comparing key points of information and rephrasing for a class presentation
  • creating texts such as vlogs or advertisements that present information intended to convince or persuade others of the importance of learning Auslan
  • giving presentations that include different perspectives on a selected issue, for example identifying and evaluating differences in views in relation to Deaf education
  • creating and presenting explanations about simple biological or mechanical processes, such as how the ear, hearing aids and cochlear implants work
  • presenting a critical review of media profiles of respected/high-profile members of the Australian Deaf community, focusing on the relationship between texts and contexts
  • summarising visual ways of communicating, transmitting and receiving information and how these influence group learning and information sharing among Deaf people
  • working with an interpreter to decide how to present information on a selected topic to a hearing audience
  • identifying and profiling Deaf artists who make use of music, as in work associated with the Deaf Performing Arts Network

  VCASFC059 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC148

  Organise and summarise key points of information obtained from different types of Auslan texts

  Elaborations

  • retelling key points of information used in classroom interactions and school activities, such as announcements or directions for a game or task
  • watching Auslan texts that show people expressing likes and dislikes, and recording observations in table form
  • watching a signed presentation by a teacher, peer or visitor and identifying specific points of information
  • surveying peers in relation to their interests and preferences, summarising findings in formats such as profiles, charts or graphs
  • following the steps of a signed demonstration or procedure such as baking/cooking or simple science experiments, checking with each other about ingredients and processes
  • recounting in correct sequence the main points of a shared event such as an assembly performance or sports carnival

  VCASFC148 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC117

  Create bilingual texts such as notices, displays or newsletters for use in the wider school community

  Elaborations

  • creating captions for pre-recorded signed texts to be used in a variety of school contexts, for example, a translation of the Auslan version of the school song or a ‘welcome to the school’ video
  • creating bilingual texts for use in the school community, such as informative posters that include signed images or digital library displays about Auslan, considering how to represent meaning in the two languages for different audiences
  • composing bilingual texts for class or school assembly performances, events or displays, for example, NWDP announcements
  • using bilingual online dictionaries and electronic tools to compose bilingual texts such as an online Auslan–English version of a school newsletter
  • contributing items of signed news and information to a bilingual school website or web page associated with their class, school or local community

  VCASFC117 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC057

  Use interactions to support discussion and debate and to demonstrate culturally appropriate behaviours in and beyond the classroom

  Elaborations

  • following protocols for interacting with sign language interpreters in various contexts in and out of school
  • using statements and discussion techniques to participate in class and school debates, for example by acknowledging others’ opinions and supporting their own with examples and accounts of personal experiences
  • understanding and adopting different roles in a debate, using more elaborated sentence structures and interactional strategies to support discussion and provide clarification, for example:
    PRO2 DIGRESS NEED COME-BACK-TO-POINT
    You’ve gone off the topic. Can you get back to your point?
    SUMMARY…
    In summary;
    PRO2 CONFUSE. PRO1 WIND-BACK
    I’ve confused you; let’s go back …
    
  • using evaluative language to acknowledge strengths in others’ arguments or to challenge others’ views in a courteous manner, for example:
    RIGHT-YEAH, PRO2 DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE. PRO1 NEVER THOUGHT
    Oh yeah, that’s a different take on it. I never thought about it that way.
    G:WELL RIGHT-YEAH, BUT I WANT ADD COMMENT
    Well, yes, that’s true but I’d like to add something.
    
  • being a supportive group participant, for example by asking relevant questions, providing feedback, prompting and eliciting contributions from others

  VCASFC057 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC185

  Present information on different events or experiences to inform, report, promote, instruct or invite action

  Elaborations

  • creating signed announcements to inform members of the school community about events such as a Deaf theatre performance or National Week of Deaf People
  • reporting on their own and others’ experiences of shared events, such as school camps, holidays or concerts
  • developing a signed news report or public announcement to inform or alert an imagined audience of a recent or impending natural disaster
  • providing instructions in an engaging or entertaining style to create interest in a group activity such as a maths game or signing choir
  • creating digital clips or social media posts designed to persuade, inform or invite response on an issue of relevance to young people of their age

  VCASFC185 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC080

  Translate Auslan and English texts composed for different audiences and contexts and consider the dynamic nature of translating and interpreting and the role of culture when transferring meaning from one language to another

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with literal Auslan translations of popular English idioms, noticing when this creates confusion (for example, raining cats and dogs) and discussing how to interpret such idioms accurately
  • comparing online Auslan and English public announcements and government policy/information texts in terms of different approaches to translation and preservation of content, for example, free versus literal
  • viewing and discussing the effectiveness and accuracy of online Auslan translations, such as the Catching Fire series of safety videos or the emergency disaster preparedness videos
  • trialling different resources to assist in translation, including online dictionaries and footage, for example by comparing individual translations, back-translating, and reviewing useful references
  • considering the nature of translation with reference to different strategies such as decoding literal meaning (word for sign), reading for meaning (sense for sense) and cultural reading (between the lines)
  • recognising the need to sometimes recast language and considering why one language may use more words/signs than another to communicate a particular meaning or concept, for example, in relation to the use of space and depicting signs in Auslan in describing a scene compared to the linear spoken modality of English
  • critically evaluating the accuracy and effectiveness of English subtitles to an Auslan text, for example the range of community service Auslan messages produced by the Deaf Society of NSW
  • providing annotated examples of translations of poems or other types of text, identifying challenges involved in transferring meaning, expression, culture and mood from one language to another
  • comparing examples of BSL and Auslan literature and evaluating translations from both/each into English, for example of poems by Dorothy Miles or Walter Kadiki
  • translating suitable jokes, songs, poems, stories or plays from English into Auslan and vice versa
  • analysing existing translations of texts, such as short subtitled films or TV programs containing deaf characters using various sign languages, making comparisons with their own translations into Auslan or English and reflecting on identified variations
  • identifying the range of reference materials and resources available to assist in language documentation and translation tasks, for example ELAN, and exploring how to use them
  • researching aspects of available interpreting services in their area, for example, the role of interpreters, qualifications required, ethical considerations and issues associated with interpreting and translating in specialised contexts such as health, education, legal settings
  • exploring the role of deaf people as Deaf interpreters and as language consultants on interpreted theatre events, considering the work this involves and the skills needed for it
  • considering culturally appropriate and ethical behaviour when interpreting and translating, for example by explaining appropriate behaviour in interpreting contexts and considering potential consequences of inaccurate interpreting
  • analysing codes of ethics of interpreters, comparing existing codes in Australia, such as the ASLIA and AUSIT codes, and developing simple translations of the main principles of each code
  • role-playing the part of a Deaf interpreter for unfamiliar deaf guests who are non-conventional Auslan users or users of another signed language in a simple context such as an interaction in a library
  • comparing signed texts in International Sign with translated Auslan versions created by students, using H3 broadcasts as a resource
  • participating in formal situations where interpreters are working, discussing observed translation choices made

  VCASFC080 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC091

  Interact with peers and teachers to exchange information about self, family, friends and interests, describe people and objects and express some feelings and preferences

  Elaborations

  • exchanging greetings, thanks and apologies, for example, HELLO, HOW-ARE-YOU? GOOD MORNING M-R-J-O-N-E-S, THANK-YOU, SORRY
  • expressing feelings using lexical signs and affective NMFs, for example:
    PRO1 HAPPY
    I’m happy.
    PRO3 GRUMPY
    She’s grumpy.
  • using formulaic language to express wishes for particular occasions or events, for example, HAPPY BIRTHDAY, GOOD-LUCK
  • making arrangements using simple time-related signs without numeral incorporation, for example, LAST-WEEK, MONDAY and with numeral incorporation, such as THREE-DAYS-AGO, TWO-YEARS-AGO, IN-TWO-DAYS
  • stating likes, dislikes and preferences using associated NMFs, for example:
    PRO1 LIKE TV
    I like TV.
    DON’T-LIKE DRAWING
    I don’t like drawing.
  • introducing self and family and explaining relationships using possessive pronouns, for example:
    POSS1 NAME X, PRO1 12-YEARS-OLD
    My name is X, and I’m 12 years old.
    PRO3 POSS1 BROTHER
    He’s my brother.
  • asking and responding to questions about a familiar topic such as their family, a hobby or an interest, or a recent event, for example:
    PAST WEEKEND, YOU GO WHERE?
    Where did you go last weekend?
    FAMILY PRO1 GO PLAY SOCCER
    My family and I went to play soccer.
  • referring to family members and classmates by fingerspelling a name or by using a sign name and describing their appearance or characteristics, for example:
    POSS1 SISTER TALL SKINNY HAVE BLACK HAIR
    My sister is tall and thin and has black hair.
  • describing what they are doing in class activities using plain verbs, for example, PRO1 WRITE, PRO1 READ

  VCASFC091 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC227

  Reflect on ways in which Auslan and associated communicative and cultural behaviours are similar to or different from their own language(s) and forms of cultural expression

  Elaborations

  • describing how it feels to use Auslan to communicate, or to watch Auslan being used by others, for example by responding to prompts such as What are the main differences you notice when observing conversations between hearing people and deaf people?
  • discussing changes or adaptations they have to make to their communicative style when using Auslan, for example waiting until they have a deaf person’s visual attention before signing to them, and maintaining eye contact
  • examining similarities and differences between ways of communicating in Auslan and in Australian English in different social situations, for example, in relation to ways of greeting/leave-taking, introducing people and using body language, facial expression and eye contact
  • reflecting on the need for sustained eye contact when using Auslan in order to understand a message and before teacher instructions can proceed
  • noticing differences in forms of address in signed and spoken languages, for example, not using a person’s name when signing directly to them, unlike in Australian English
  • examining general misconceptions held by hearing people about deaf people, Auslan and Deaf culture, for example, that all deaf people can hear with hearing aids, or that deaf people may not drive
  • reflecting on and providing possible explanations for assumptions deaf people might have about hearing people or about spoken languages

  VCASFC227 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCASFC189

  Create bilingual texts to use in the wider school community, identifying words/signs or expressions that carry specific cultural meaning in either language

  Elaborations

  • capturing and presenting stories recorded from interviews in Auslan with members of the Deaf community, captioning the interviews in English
  • captioning examples of classmates’ work in Auslan, such as short stories or poems
  • creating translations of song lyrics for performance in Auslan
  • making a short documentary in Auslan about a topical issue, moving through the processes of drafting, translating, editing and captioning, trialling alternative captioning tools
  • captioning and providing voice-over for student-generated filmed Auslan texts, such as fairytales created for a young deaf audience
  • creating bilingual versions of short, simple texts such as instructions for a game or procedures for a recipe

  VCASFC189 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC153

  Create bilingual versions of texts such as English captioned recordings of Auslan phrases

  Elaborations

  • creating captions in English for short recorded signed phrases
  • creating bilingual texts for the classroom or school community, for example, posters, library displays or digital newsletter items, discussing how to represent meaning in each language for different audiences
  • developing a simple handshape dictionary
  • creating cards for use by younger children that include pictures, labels and signs, such as a transport-themed card game

  VCASFC153 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC055

  Initiate and sustain interactions to share ideas and interests, report on experiences, offer opinions and connect with events in their school and local community

  Elaborations

  • exchanging opinions about topics such as food, sport, lifestyles, health, music or travel
  • participating in videoconferencing to compare and contrast aspects of their school experience, for example by communicating online with deaf students from different schools in another state/territory
  • discussing the relationship between events in their school or local community and interest groups they identify with by conducting an in-class survey
  • describing aspects of their school, community, home or social lives, for example:
    SCHOOL DS(5CLAW):located-at DS(C):l-shape…
    The school is located here, and then there’s a large L-shaped building on the right.
    WEEKEND, I VISIT HEARING FRIEND WE2 WATCH MOVIE OR DS:2-people-walk SHOPS OR SOMETIMES STAY HOME DS:press-console
    On the weekends, my hearing friend and I like to go to the movies or the shops, but sometimes we just play video games.
    
  • offering opinions about issues under consideration in their class or school community, such as their school policy on social media use
  • developing narrative and expressive skills by exchanging accounts of personally significant influences, experiences or milestones, identifying common experiences, such as describing their favourite holiday or their personal hero
  • comparing their experience of involvement in the Deaf community, and sharing their views on the importance of this experience in their lives by describing their relationships with deaf people outside of school

  VCASFC055 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC169

  Create or reinterpret simple imaginative texts that involve favourite characters or humorous situations, using a range of signs, gestures and supporting props to convey events, characters or settings

  Elaborations

  • creating and performing an adaptation of a humorous story with two or more characters, using elements of constructed action such as eye gaze change, body shift and head orientation change
  • retelling a story to compare characters’ perspectives using referents
  • working collaboratively to create a visual representation of a face, using the hands and bodies of at least two classmates
  • using ‘visual vernacular’ to create a humorous skit for a younger group of Auslan learners
  • creating the next scene, a new character or an alternative ending for a signed fable, short story or cartoon
  • choreographing and performing music-less dance, focusing on matching timing, beat and rhythm
  • creating and performing a story from the viewpoint of a single character or narrator

  VCASFC169 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFC081

  Create resources such as videos, glossaries and classifications in English to interpret cultural aspects of Auslan texts

  Elaborations

  • collecting and explaining to non-Auslan users expressions and culturally specific terms encountered in Auslan texts, for example, hearing, residential school
  • collecting and recording different signs, attaching English captions with appropriate translations, for example, PAH! = finally, TALK = communicate in speech or Auslan, CHAT = talk in Auslan
  • creating a bilingual virtual tour of the school for use on the school website
  • developing a signed and captioned film presentation, for example, about how to work with an interpreter
  • making a short bilingual documentary in Auslan and English about a topical issue, moving through the processes of drafting, translating and captioning the final product
  • capturing and presenting stories recorded from interviews in Auslan with members of the Deaf community, captioning the interviews in English

  VCASFC081 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC200

  Engage in activities that involve interactions, transactions, negotiations and management of different opinions and social/cultural behaviours

  Elaborations

  • managing shared learning experiences that involve differences in opinion or cultural perspectives
  • navigating multistep directions and decisions in learning activities that offer alternatives or choices, such as computer programming or theatre production
  • negotiating hypothetical scenarios involving members of the Deaf community to highlight issues associated with diversity, culture and identity, for example, experience in domains such as education or sport
  • planning and promoting cultural events such as Deaf festivals or the National Week of Deaf People
  • planning action on an issue affecting the Deaf community, such as captioning and funding support for Deaf organisations
  • organising real or simulated transactions that involve financial or service exchanges, for example, catering for a class celebration or ordering books/digital resources for the school library

  VCASFC200 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC164

  Collaborate with peers to plan and conduct shared events or activities such as performances, presentations, demonstrations or transactions

  Elaborations

  • working collaboratively to plan a performance or presentation for a younger class, for example on aspects of Deaf culture or Auslan
  • expressing preferences in relation to roles and responsibilities in shared learning activities, using statements such as:
    PRO1 HANDWRITING PRO1 DON’T-LIKE RATHER TYPING
    I don’t like handwriting; I prefer to type it.
    PRO1 DON’T-WANT DRAW, PRO1 WANT TAKE-PHOTO++
    I don’t want to do the drawing; I’d rather take photos.
    
  • negotiating with a partner to prioritise or sequence tasks when planning a learning activity, using language such as:
    PRO2 THINK BEST THIS FIRST, FINISH, NEXT
    Do you think we should do this first and when that’s done, next
    THAT FIRST IMPORTANT THAT SECOND
    That’s more important than this.
    
  • organising activities such as excursions or talent shows, using expressions related to place, time and numbers, for example:
    THAT THEATRE WHEN WHAT DAY?
    What date is the show?
    HOW-MANY PEOPLE WILL DS:many-move?
    How many people will be there?
    
  • playing games that involve detailed information exchange, such as ‘Guess Who?’, asking for and supplying descriptions, for example:
    POINT HAVE GLASSES?
    Does yours have glasses?
    DON’T-HAVE
    No.
  • allocating responsibilities for the completion of shared tasks, such as following a recipe or building a model
  • carrying out simulated transactions in different contexts, for example, playing a ‘restaurant’ game, or a food shopping game

  VCASFC164 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC064

  Explore the relationship between identity, community and visual ways of being and the nature and significance of relationship between people, culture and place/space

  Elaborations

  • creating and comparing individual biographies, including elements such as family origins, traditions, beliefs, experiences, and considering how these influence their sense of identity
  • identifying elements of visual awareness in deaf people, such as good observation skills of body language and alertness to hazards in the environment while walking/driving and signing
  • describing how the concept of Deafhood applies to them and to others by evaluating texts and media portrayals of deaf identity
  • discussing visual ways of transmitting and receiving information and how these influence group learning and information sharing among Deaf people
  • exploring how Deaf cultures around the world build shared group identity, for example through gathering formally as national and international communities through activities such as Deaf film festivals, performing arts or sporting events such as Deaf Way, Australian Deaf Games, Deaflympics
  • discussing when and how they learnt Auslan and how this contributed to their sense of identity
  • analysing ways in which Deaf people design and adapt spaces in cultural ways (‘Deaf space’), for example, by eliminating visual obstacles to signed communication; using circles or semicircles for meeting and learning spaces; and using open-plan areas, lighting and window placement to maximise visual access to information, with reference to Gallaudet University’s Deaf space design principles
  • considering how accounts by different deaf visitors to the classroom of their lives, work, education, interests and experience reflect a sense of identity and relationship with Auslan and Deaf culture
  • identifying ways in which members of the Deaf community demonstrate responsibility for relationships within the community and between it and the wider ‘hearing’ society, for example, describing past learning from deaf adults or other deaf peers about navigating relationships
  • investigating and explaining connections between rules, culture and community, identifying how these are demonstrated in Deaf culture through visual ways of being and using language, for example, exploring the values and beliefs which influence observable behaviours and social rules
  • suggesting how reciprocity works in relation to community members sharing responsibility for each other’s wellbeing, comparing examples of how they themselves negotiate relationships with each other and look out for each other
  • exploring the concept of ‘Deaf gain’ and providing examples of how wider society may ‘gain’ from the Deaf community, for example the benefits of captioning for groups such as elderly people or newly arrived migrants
  • describing how the Deaf community maintains Deaf places and keeps them relevant to new generations, for example by acknowledging Deaf pioneers in the naming of places and identifying historical links with places
  • discussing with elders how patterns of ownership and management of Deaf spaces and places impact on the Deaf community
  • describing their experience of moving between English and Auslan, comparing how this feels and considering changes in their sense of identity when communicating in either language
  • sharing their understandings of Deafhood and Deaf gain with Deaf elders and comparing these the elders’ views on these concepts

  VCASFC064 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Identity

• VCASFC007

  Express imaginative experience through creative games, role-play and mime, using familiar signs, modelled language and constructed action

  Elaborations

  • changing elements of favourite stories to create their own versions, with a focus on varying manner or constructed action
  • interacting with imaginary characters using lexical and non-lexical signs and NMFs to express emotions such as excitement, fear or amazement
  • using iconic signs to create their own variations on familiar nursery rhyme actions, such as in ‘Incy Wincy Spider’
  • depicting the movement of people, animals or means of transport by using handshapes in creative ways
  • creating amusing sequences of signs using a fixed handshape, such as YOU THINK PRO1 SHY
  • experimenting with NMFs and handshapes to play games such as ‘Simon Says’, taking turns to be Simon
  • experimenting with facial expressions to match different emotional expressions, such as HAPPY, SCARED, TIRED
  • changing an aspect of a cartoon or picture story, using gestures, handshapes and NMFs to explain differences
  • representing objects using combined bodies and hands in amusing or creative ways
  • exploring the use of constructed action such as eye gaze change, body shift and head orientation when enacting imagined adventures
  • making their own handshape creations
  • assuming the role of a character from a story and responding to signed questions from classmates, such as:
    YOUR NOSE DS:long-nose WHY?
    Why is your nose so long, Pinocchio?
    

  VCASFC007 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFC044

  Translate a variety of familiar school and community texts from Auslan to English and vice versa, identifying which words or phrases may not readily correspond across the two languages

  Elaborations

  • finding and using phrases that have direct sign-for-word translations between Auslan and English, such as Goodnight, Happy birthday and Happy New Year, and some that do not, such as None of your business!
  • identifying issues associated with translation, such as multiple meanings for words like run, the fact that meaning is not always literal and that sign translations of a word will vary according to the meaning of the concept in context
  • conducting sight translations of simple English texts such as short news articles
  • translating short texts such as children’s fairytales, simple song lyrics or a short poem from English to Auslan
  • translating and explaining the meaning of words or expressions associated with figurative language use in Auslan, such as TRAIN GONE, SORRY and comparing these to English idioms
  • determining the meaning of technical English words used in other curriculum areas, for example, natural disasters or global warming, demonstrating how they would translate or explain them in Auslan
  • translating the school song into Auslan, identifying lexical challenges and finding suitable Auslan equivalents to match the English concept
  • identifying and explaining signs that are not easy to translate into English because of culture-specific meaning and history, for example, signs such as Deaf school

  VCASFC044 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC154

  Consider how their ways of communicating and responding to each other shape and reflect their sense of identity

  Elaborations

  • using visual representations such as concept maps, posters or captioned slide presentations to identify groups that they identify with, such as friends, family, sporting, interest and community groups
  • creating a profile to capture their sense of self, for example through creating an avatar or montage, using key signs, fingerspelled letters or simple Auslan expressions in a digital file to identify significant characteristics, traits or experiences
  • comparing their own and each other’s ways of communicating, identifying elements that reflect cultural differences or influences of other languages
  • identifying markers of identity that may be important across all cultures and communities, for example, family membership, environment, language background, age or gender

  VCASFC154 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Identity