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• Roman Alphabet Languages - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students share factual information and opinions about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, pets, friends, pastimes, school and neighbourhood. They interact with others orally and in writing, asking and responding to questions, and expressing preferences...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• VCLVU163

  Distinguish and produce the speech sounds of the language, understanding how these are represented in writing

  Elaborations

  • identifying meaningful sounds, syllables and morphemes in words and phrases
  • confirming sound–symbol correspondences in the language by reading syllables, morphemes and words for meaning
  • using conventions of the written language, for example, punctuation, capitalisation, diacritics, digraphs, to support links with the spoken language
  • identifying morphemes, words and phrases in speech and matching these with their written forms
  • paying attention to consistency in the spelling of the language, with direct reference to the sound system of the language
  • noticing variations in pronunciation of the same word by different speakers and discussing whether this can be reflected in the spelling of the word
  • recognising that in some cases the original sound/parts of the sound of some words in the language may be unknown, considering possible reasons for this
  • understanding that other languages may suggest historical pronunciations for the language
  • learning that very similar languages may have different spelling systems, and how this may mask similarities of their sound systems
  • recognising which speech sounds are not typical for the language, and which sounds are very common, identifying where these can occur in words
  • using knowledge of sound–symbol correspondences to read familiar and new words out aloud from their written forms
  • noticing the various roles of the speech organs in the production of sounds in the language, and comparing these with English and other known languages

  VCLVU163 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU164

  Expand vocabulary in the language through word-formation processes and recognise and use simple language structures

  Elaborations

  • exploring known word formation processes, for example, changing a word with the addition or change of a suffix or prefix to convey different meanings
  • constructing expressions that refer to people, places, things and events using:
    • nouns and adjectives in phrases, for example, compound nouns, reduplications and nominalisations, adjectives without an associated noun
    • sentences without verbs, for example, ‘This (is) my bag’
    • pronouns, for example, personal, kinship, demonstrative and interrogative in all persons and numbers
    • determiners and quantifiers, for example, ‘some’, ‘every’, ‘other’, ‘few’, ‘much’, ‘all’, and words for groups
    • marking to indicate possession and other types of association, for example, ‘Let’s go for water’
    • transitive and intransitive verbs
    • verbs of stance used in existential expressions, for example, ‘There is a creek lying near the road’
    • verbs to talk about actions, processes, thoughts and feelings
    • moods of verbs, including statements, questions, imperatives, commands, intention, purpose, likelihood, reported speech
    • negation
  • expressing time, manner, attitude and place according to available language resources, such as:
    • tenses, including past, present and future/non-past
    • temporal expressions, for example, day–night cycle, lunar and seasonal cycles, ‘before’, ‘after’, ‘soon’, ‘recent’, ‘long ago’, expressions for cosmological time
    • expressions of frequency, for example, ‘often’, ‘always’, ‘once’, ‘briefly’
    • attitudinal particles, for example, ‘maybe’, ‘it is said’, ‘what do you say?’, ‘would you mind?’, ‘you see’
    • locational cases, for example, ‘in’, ‘an’, ‘at’, ‘near’, ‘besides’, ‘to’, ‘towards’, ‘from’
    • adverbs of manner, location and time, for example, ‘again’, ‘more’, ‘in turn’, ‘too late’, ‘as well’
    • structuring and linking clauses, for example, using coordination, subordination, embedding
  • understanding that rules vary between languages, for example, in relation to word-formation, word order at phrase and sentence level
  • making comparisons and identifying patterns in and between languages, for example, free and fixed word order, tenses in verbs, use of affixes versus prepositions
  • noticing similarities between particular vocabulary sets in languages from the same region, such as words for body parts, kinship terms
  • developing metalanguage for talking about language, for example, noun phrases, suffixes, prefixes, tense, transitivity, using resources from both the language and English

  VCLVU164 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Classical Greek: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students use their knowledge of vocabulary, grammar and textual cues to identify and interpret information in Classical Greek texts, such as narratives, about the daily life and attitudes of the ancient Greeks. They interpret grammatical structures such as inflected forms...

  Level description | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 7 and 8

• Korean - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students become familiar with the sounds of Korean and approximate pronunciation of Korean syllables in words and short phrases, noting meaningful sounds in Korean and their differences from English sounds. They are introduced to Hangeul, recognising its alphabetical nature and different shapes...

  Level description | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence

• Languages | Latin: Rationale and Aims

  Rationale

  The study of Latin allows students to enter and explore ancient worlds that have shaped contemporary life and societies. Authentic engagement with seminal works of great literature and antiquities gives direct access to ancient ways of living in and viewing the world, and an appreciation...

  Overview material | Latin

• VCESC173

  Identify significant people, places, events and influences in own and others’ lives and explain why they are important to their sense of identity

  Elaborations

  • mapping own linguistic and cultural profile, for example, by creating a chart, timeline or web profile to highlight formative elements and influences, such as family languages, key relationships and intercultural experiences
  • preparing a biographical account of an influential figure in own life, including such information as the person`s values and the significance and influence of the person in own life
  • considering how identity is expressed through language, with reference to languages spoken by themselves, their peers, and family or community members

  VCESC173 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCIDC090

  Present factual information and ideas about aspects of language and culture in oral, written and multimodal form

  Elaborations

  • reporting, orally and in writing, on events in their immediate environment or personal world, for example, a school/community event, celebration or excursion, or a new student
  • creating texts to present information or ideas to an audience, for example, advertise an event, create a virtual tour of the school, report on a favourite band or type of music
  • describing an aspect of Australian culture for an Indonesian audience, for example, food/diet, daily life, a significant place or cultural practice
  • preparing presentations about aspects of daily life and practices in Indonesia, such as school, leisure, entertainment, diet or education

  VCIDC090 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Informing

• VCLAU014

  Reflect on own and others’ reactions to and assumptions about the language and culture of Roman society, considering similarities and differences to own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • considering own and others’ cultural assumptions about home and leisure and how these were different or similar in the Roman context
  • reviewing and responding to aspects of cultural practices in Latin texts and Roman artefacts, and discussing the reactions of peers to these
  • describing own life at home and school and making comparisons with that of young people in the Roman world
  • developing an understanding of life in multicultural Rome, and reflecting on similarities and differences to own lifestyle in multicultural Australia
  • discussing how young people in ancient Rome may have viewed the lives of young people in the modern world

  VCLAU014 | Languages | Latin | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Reflecting

• VCZHC050

  Correspond with peers and other familiar participants to plan activities, and compare opinions on and attitudes towards different cultures

  Elaborations

  • exchanging personal information via social networking sites, for example, 你是哪国人？你喜欢学习汉语吗？
  • sharing information about life in different cultural contexts, expressing ideas and opinions, for example, 中国人喜欢吃米饭，澳大利亚人喜欢吃面包，你呢？
  • sharing opinions about school or family life, including 我的学校，我的老师，我的好朋友， 我的一家人, and linking ideas to explain and support a position or view, for example, 我的姐姐喜欢音乐，也很喜欢体育； 我除了踢足球以外，还打板球。我觉得运动很有意思

  VCZHC050 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• French - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use written and spoken French for classroom interactions and transactions, and to exchange personal ideas, experiences and feelings. They ask and answer questions in complete sentences in familiar contexts (Est-ce que je peux … ? Tu peux..… ?), using app...

  Level description | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• French - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use written and spoken French to socialise with peers, teachers and other French speakers in local contexts and online environments. They communicate about immediate and personal interests and involvements (family, friends, interests), and some broader social and...

  Level description | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Indonesian - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 8, students share factual information and opinions about their personal worlds, including personal details, family, pets, friends, pastimes, school and neighbourhood. They interact with others orally and in writing, asking and responding to questions using Siapa, Apakah, Berapa...

  Level description | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8

• Languages | Classical Greek: Rationale and Aims

  Rationale

  The study of Classical Greek allows students to enter and explore ancient worlds that have shaped contemporary life and societies. Authentic engagement with seminal works of great literature and antiquities gives direct access to ancient ways of living in and viewing the world, and an...

  Overview material | Classical Greek

• Languages | Italian: Learning in Italian

  Italian language learning

  Italian belongs to the Romance family of languages and is closely connected to its ‘sibling’ languages of Spanish, Portuguese and French. It also has many commonalities and connections with English, sharing many Latin-derived words and using the same Roman...

  Overview material | Italian

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use spoken and written Vietnamese for classroom interactions and to share ideas and opinions and express feelings. They exchange information about aspects of their daily life, school, friends and leisure activities. They make shared decisions and arrangements, organise...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students use appropriate pronunciation, accent and intonation patterns and spelling in a range of sentences, such as statements, questions and exclamations. By building their language knowledge, students are able to develop and express more complex concepts in Vietnamese. They use a range of grammatical...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence

• VCLVU146

  Notice that languages borrow words from each other

  Elaborations

  • noticing Aboriginal words and phrases used in everyday Australian life, for example, koala, euro, billabong, dingo
  • recognising that some words in the language have come from other languages
  • recognising words in English that have been borrowed from other languages

  VCLVU146 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCRAC052

  Engage with others to exchange ideas, experiences and interests

  Elaborations

  • exchanging opinions about family, friends, teachers, subjects, entertainment, sport and leisure
  • comparing aspects of their personal world such as school or home life
  • recounting significant events, special occasions and milestones
  • interacting in class activities and (electronic) games
  • socialising with friends and family at events, including chatting about school or holidays

  VCRAC052 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCVIU121

  Recognise that Australia is a multilingual society and that Vietnamese is one of the major community languages in Australia

  Elaborations

  • exploring and naming different languages that they have encountered in everyday life, for example, languages of their parents, grandparents, neighbours or classmates
  • exploring the range of languages spoken in Australia, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, Asian languages and world languages

  VCVIU121 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Language variation and change