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• VCASFC019

  Communicate with each other and with teachers about aspects of their personal worlds, daily routines, preferences and pastimes

  Elaborations

  • sharing feelings about important experiences or events, for example:
    PRO1 EXCITED HOLIDAY SOON
    I am excited about the holidays.
    POSS1 FRIEND CHANGE OTHER SCHOOL PRO1 SAD
    I was sad when my friend moved away.
    
  • discussing preferences in relation to school or community activities, using comparatives and superlatives
    PRO1 LIKE MATH, SCIENCE BUT POSS1 FAVOURITE ART
    I like maths and science, but my favourite subject is art.
    
  • comparing routines or activities, using signs for time, sequence and location, such as:
    WHAT TIME PRO2 GO-TO-BED?
    What time do you go to bed?
    EVERY MONDAY POSS1 CLASS LIST-BUOY-1 READING LIST-BUOY2 MATHS LIST-BUOY-3 SWIMMING. POSS2 CLASS G:WELL?
    Every Monday my class has reading, then maths, then swimming. What about your class?
    
  • telling each other about daily routines or habits showing aspectual marking on verbs to indicate frequency, such as brushing teeth for a long time
  • interacting with younger children or with people who are just beginning to learn to sign, adapting language to suit the situation
  • describing actions and activities using NMFs to show manner, for example, PRO1 WORK versus PRO1 WORK-_hard
  • participating in online exchanges such as vlogs to compare daily routines or interests with other deaf children or families
  • using persuasive language in social interactions with each other, for example:
    PLEASE POPCORN GIVE-_me++ BEG?
    Please can I have some of your popcorn?

  VCASFC019 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages: Learning in Non-Roman Alphabet Languages

  The Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority has developed a curriculum for Non-Roman Alphabet languages which will allow these languages to be offered by a Victorian school where there is no specific curriculum available. 

  Diversity of language students

  Understanding the diverse language...

  Overview material | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages

• Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages: Learning in Roman Alphabet Languages

  The Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority has developed a curriculum for Roman Alphabet languages which will allow these languages to be offered by a Victorian school where there is no specific curriculum available.

  Diversity of language students

  Understanding the diverse language backgrounds...

  Overview material | Roman Alphabet Languages

• Languages | French: Learning in French

  French language learning

  French is an Indo-European language and belongs to the family of Romance languages derived from the spoken Latin language of the Roman Empire. It is closely related to English, due to the shared influence of Latin and to the fact that French was the official language of...

  Overview material | French

• VCASFU157

  Understand how space is used in Auslan to show who is involved in an event through the meaningful location of nouns and verbs, the use of depicting signs and enacting

  Elaborations

  • recognising that non-body-anchored nouns can be located in space and identifying instances of this
  • discussing the functions of different pointing signs, such as pronouns, determiners and locatives
  • noticing that single-digit numbers can be separate lexical items or merged into other signs (numeral incorporation) such as those for ages (for example, 5-YEARS-OLD) or adverbs of time (for example, 3-WEEKS-AGO) or pronouns (WE3, WE4)
  • understanding that some verb forms in Auslan indicate who is involved in a verb by changing the direction of the movement or orientation of the handshape
  • noticing the relationship between the location of referents in real space and the direction of some indicating verbs in a text
  • identifying instances of DSs with appropriate support
  • comparing English adjectives with SASS DSs

  VCASFU157 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELU119

  Recognise that the languages people use reflect their culture, such as who they are, where and how they live, and find examples of similarities and differences between Greek and their own ways of communicating

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of ‘culture’, considering different lifestyles and symbols such as flags, including the Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag
  • understanding that traditional cultures reflect conditions and resources in particular environments and contribute to the sustainability of communities
  • exploring the significance of different cultural practices, activities and games, for example, using a κομπολόι, making wreaths for 1 May, making masks or kites for Απόκριες
  • recognising words that reflect aspects of culture, for example, γλέντι, κέφι, χρόνια πολλά, όπα!
  • understanding that particular Australian English terms and expressions have no equivalent in Greek, for example, ‘billabong’, ‘corroboree’, ‘the bush’
  • recognising features of Greek language interactions which may be similar to own ways of communicating, such as politely speaking to an adult, or different from own ways of communicating, for example, physical contact when farewelling someone

  VCELU119 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU166

  Apply knowledge of grammatical features, such as tense, voice, regular and irregular verbs, adverbs, pronouns and adjectives, and use conjunctions to construct compound and complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • using a range of tenses and voices to describe routines and actions
  • using a range of regular and irregular verbs to develop sentence structures, for example, Χτες είδα το Γιάννη και μου είπε τα νέα
  • using adjectives to describe and compare people and aspects of the immediate environment, for example, O Γιάννης είναι ψηλός αλλά η Μαρία είναι πιο ψηλή/ψηλότερη, and using simple word order (subject–verb–object), for example, Η Άννα τρώει καρπούζι
  • using adverbs to modify and intensify the meaning of verbs and adjectives, for example, αρκετά, πολύ, λίγο
  • using pronouns such as αυτός, κάτι, as substitutes in sentences
  • recognising that some Greek nouns do not always reflect their grammatical gender, for example, in η γιατρός
  • using suffixes to vary and intensify the meaning of nouns, adjectives and adverbs, for example, to create diminutives/augmentatives such as μικρούλι, γατούλα, σπιτάκι, Γιαννάκης, ομαδάρα, σπιταρόνα
  • creating compound and complex sentences by using conjunctions, for example, Δε θα πάω στο σχολείο την Τετάρτη, γιατί θα πάω στη Μελβούρνη με την οικογένειά μου

  VCELU166 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCGRCE019

  Read aloud, recite or perform Classical Greek texts to entertain others, using strategies such as phrasing and voice inflection to convey meaning and emotion

  Elaborations

  • reading aloud passages or extracts from different genres of Classical Greek literature, such as Socratic dialogue, oratory, historiography, drama or poetry, with appropriate expression, phrasing, stress and tone to convey meaning
  • reciting or presenting extracts from Classical Greek texts to the class or school community, using expression and movement to illustrate meaning and to entertain, for example, excerpts from Homer’s Iliad, Pindar’s victory odes
  • performing extracts from Classical Greek plays for the appreciation of an audience, for example, from Sophocles’ Antigone or Euripides’ Medea

  VCGRCE019 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts

• VCHIU121

  Extend knowledge of and use more complex features and patterns of the Hindi grammatical system, such as the use of passive voice, compound words and phrases and variations in register

  Elaborations

  • indicating situations and events by using past, present and future tense forms, for example, जाता था, जाता हूँ, जाऊँगा
  • creating simple sentences using conjunctions such as राम ने खाना खाया और सो गया।
  • creating compound and complex sentences such as मैं पहले दिल्ली जाऊँगा और अपना काम पूरा करने के बाद कोलकता पहुँचूँगा।
  • expanding vocabulary related to personal, social, environmental and global worlds
  • recognising and using idiomatic expressions such as आँख का तारा and दाल में कुछ काला
  • using numbers in fraction, multiple and collective forms, for example, आधा, चौथाई, एक तिहाई, सैंकड़ों, हज़ारों, तीन गुणा
  • continuing to build and expand metalanguage to describe grammatical concepts and to organise learning resources such as verb charts, vocabulary lists and groups of pronouns, adverbs and adjectives
  • understanding and extending knowledge of basic joining (सन्धि) rules, such as इ+आ = ए
  • extending knowledge of the use of the active and passive voice according to context, for example, राम उर्दू लिख रहा है। उर्दू लिखी जा रही है।
  • understanding the function and use of case (कारक), for example, ने, को, से, के लिए, में, पर
  • using participles (पदबंध): imperfect – डूबती हुई नाव, perfect – डूबी हुई नाव, adverbial present – रोते हुए, लिखते हुए, adverbial past – वह लड़की का हाथ पकड़े हुए था, वाला as participle – सब्जी वाला, डिब्बे वाला
  • using a range of tenses in complex sentences to describe events and personal experiences, for example, पिछले वर्ष जैसे हमने होली का त्योहार मनाया था, उसी प्रकार इस वर्ष भी हम होली का त्योहार धूमधाम से मनाएंगे।
  • understanding that in different contexts words from different registers are used for related concepts, such as इंसाफ़ and न्याय

  VCHIU121 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLAE019

  Read aloud, recite or perform Latin texts to entertain others, using strategies such as phrasing, voice inflection and metrical effects to convey meaning and emotion

  Elaborations

  • reading aloud, as Romans were accustomed to do, extracts from different genres of Latin literature, such as oratory, history, drama or poetry, with appropriate expression, phrasing, stress, rhythm and tone to convey meaning, for example, selections from the epigrams of Martial, or the letters of Pliny
  • reciting or presenting extracts from Latin texts to the class or school community, using expression and movement to illustrate meaning and to entertain, for example, part of one of Cicero’s speeches or excerpts from Virgil’s Aeneid
  • performing in theatrical presentations of Latin poetry or plays, such as the poetry of Ovid or Virgil, extracts from the plays of Plautus

  VCLAE019 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts

• VCASFU033

  Understand how signers make different language choices in different types of texts depending on the purpose and intended audience, and explore how space is used in Auslan for purposes of textual cohesion

  Elaborations

  • noticing that differing purposes in the creation of Auslan texts result in differing types and amounts of signing, for example, the use of more CA in narratives
  • comparing a short text in Auslan with an equivalent type of English text (for example, a recount in both languages) and noticing similarities and differences in structure and language features
  • identifying with support, examples of signers associating non-present referents with locations in signing space
  • identifying examples of signers pointing to an established location to refer to something
  • identifying how signers establish locations and noticing how this helps the audience to recognise who or what the referents are (actor and undergoer)

  VCASFU033 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCELC018

  Initiate and sustain interactions by sharing personal opinions and experiences, face-to-face or online, with peers, and comparing aspects of young people’s lives, such as relationships, events and aspirations

  Elaborations

  • initiating conversations, for example, with peers and sister-school friends, using expressions appropriate to context and audience, such as Tί έκανες χτες; Πάμε στο γλέντι;
  • sustaining face-to-face or online conversations on topics of mutual interest, for example, το πάρτυ, η μουσική, η φιλία, η μόδα, parties, music, friendship, fashion, through active listening strategies, turn-taking and verbal and non-verbal responses, for example, shrugging shoulders, head shaking
  • extending and elaborating on modelled language to elicit others’ and express own experiences and opinions, for example,Τι νομίζεις; Πιστεύω ότι, Μ’ αρέσει καλύτερα η θάλασσα, Συμφωνείς;
  • using formulaic language to share and compare aspects of teenage life, for example, Το κινητό μου είναι μαύρο, Το δικό μου είναι μεγαλύτερο, and aspirations, for example, Θέλω να γίνω ...

  VCELC018 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELC138

  Collaborate in group tasks and shared experiences, online or face-to-face, which involve planning, making suggestions and completing transactions, such as hosting a party, working with another class or group or creating and performing a role-play

  Elaborations

  • planning and organising an event, such as inviting a special guest, for example, γιαγιά, to share information with the class about Greek celebrations (βάφτιση, γάμος) or to share a traditional recipe (πίτα)
  • working with another group, for example, by reading books to younger students face-to-face or via the internet, or teaching a skill, such as dyeing eggs, to another class
  • planning and organising an activity such as an excursion or party, using expressions related to place, time and numbers
  • creating displays, presentations or performances for family, friends or the school community to showcase their progress in learning Greek or to promote the learning of Greek language and culture

  VCELC138 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELU167

  Examine the structure and linguistic choices of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, such as digital/online diary entries, news reports, cartoons and stories, and consider how these choices were influenced by audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • describing the main features of familiar text types, for example, cartoon, digital story/DVD, storyboard, online news report, and identifying features such as sequencing
  • observing that texts are constructed for a variety of purposes, such as to request, instruct, invite or describe, for example, an invitation to a party or a greeting card
  • identifying the structure and organisation of a range of text types, for example, comparing emails and letters, written notes, text messages and print and digital versions of a journal/diary entry
  • identifying and comparing features of language use in different text types, such as formality/informality, headings, and lexical and grammatical choices that distinguish textual purpose and audience

  VCELU167 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOC006

  Participate in imaginative experiences by listening to, viewing and reading texts, including online or digital texts, such as songs, stories and cartoons, sharing feelings, responses and ideas about aspects such as characters, settings and plots/events

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reading texts including those in online or digital form such as dialogues, cartoons, comics and stories, taking note of key words or expressions and of language features such as characters’ use of the informal polite-style ending –어/아요
  • identifying and describing characters, settings, events and key ideas in texts, asking each other questions such as 여기는 학교예요, 누구예요? 어디예요? 무엇을 하고 있어요? 왜요?
  • expressing opinions about characters or settings in imaginative texts, using ‘… 같아요’, for example, 뭐예요? / 뭐 같아요? 호랑이 같아요
  • inventing a new aspect of a text, such as a new character, plot, object, perspective or an alternative ending

  VCKOC006 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIC018

  Initiate and sustain face-to-face and online interactions with peers and adults to share personal opinions, and compare ideas and experiences on familiar topics such as friendship, leisure activities, teenage life and special events

  Elaborations

  • asking and responding to questions to share and discuss opinions on familiar topics such as friendship, leisure activities, teenage life and special events, for example, Bạn thấy ngày hội thể thao ở trường mình năm nay thế nào? Tốt lắm, năm nay các bạn thi đấu tốt hơn năm rồi. Bạn thích nghe loại nhạc nào? Tôi thích nghe nhạc trẻ
  • using strategies to sustain actual and virtual conversations by further exploring peers’ perspectives on topics of discussion, for example, Bạn thấy phim này hay như thế nào? Tại sao bạn thích ca sĩ Đức Tuấn? Còn có lý do nào khác không?, developing a shared view to enhance understanding or to confirm own opinions, for example, Có bạn thì thích đi ra ngoài chơi, có bạn thì thích ở nhà coi phim. Các bạn khác thì thích phim hành động, còn tôi thì thích phim tình cảm, and elaborating on own ideas, for example, Tôi thích phim này vì nội dung thú vị, cảnh đẹp, diễn viên đẹp và đóng hay
  • describing and comparing personal experiences, for example, Đường phố ở Singapore rất sạch sẽ và đẹp. Tôi thích đi Mỹ vì ở đó có nhiều hàng hóa đẹp và rẻ. Cuối năm rồi gia đình tôi đi Nhật chơi nhưng mà lạnh quá, không đi ra ngoài nhiều được. or, của, hoa đào nở khắp nơi đẹp lắ
  • comparing and discussing with others their future plans and aspirations, and their personality, including strengths and weaknesses, for example, Tôi muốn học đại học, còn bạn thì sao? Tôi muốn trở thành giáo viên. Bạn thấy tôi có thích hợp với nghề dạy học không? Còn bạn thích làm nghề gì? Tính tình tôi vui vẻ nhưng hay nói thẳng nên cũng dễ làm bạn bè giận. Ước gì tôi cũng thông minh và siêng năng như bạn

  VCVIC018 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 description

  Students use an increasing range of vocabulary, become more confident in terms of pronunciation and continue to build grammatical and textual knowledge. They apply phonic knowledge to unfamiliar language and notice the relationship between accents and stress or intonation. They use present, past...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• Languages | Chinese: Learning in Chinese

  Chinese language learning

  China's official language is Modern Standard Chinese, or Putonghua (the common or shared language) in Chinese. The language is also referred to as Hanyu, the spoken language of the Han people, or Zhongwen, the written language of China. In Taiwan it is more usually called...

  Overview material | Chinese

• Languages | Modern Greek: Learning in Modern Greek

  Modern Greek language learning

  Modern Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus. It is spoken throughout the world – wherever there are Greek-speaking communities. One of the major characteristics of the extensive Greek Diaspora is the maintenance of the Greek language and culture...

  Overview material | Modern Greek

• Languages | Spanish: Learning in Spanish

  Spanish language learning

  Spanish is a language spoken by approximately 500 million people across the world. Spanish evolved from Latin on the Iberian Peninsula in around the ninth century, and spread from Spain to the Caribbean and to North, Central and South America as a result of the expeditions...

  Overview material | Spanish