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• Languages | German: Resources

  A range of resources to assist teachers implementing the Victorian Curriculum F–10 are available. Please visit the following websites to access these resources (links open in a new window). For general advice and information regarding the Victorian Curriculum F–10, FAQs, professional...

  Overview material | German

• Languages | Italian: Resources

  A range of resources to assist with implementing the Victorian Curriculum F – 10 are available. Please visit the following websites to access these resources (links open in a new window):

  • Victorian Curriculum F – 10 Resources and Support (VCAA)

  Includes general advice and information...

  Overview material | Italian

• Languages | Japanese: Resources

  A range of resources to assist with implementing the Victorian Curriculum F – 10 are available. Please visit the following websites to access these resources (links open in a new window):

  • Victorian Curriculum F – 10 Resources and Support (VCAA)

  Includes general advice and information...

  Overview material | Japanese

• Languages | Auslan: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  The Auslan curriculum takes account of different entry points into language learning across F–10, which reflects current practice in language teaching.

  There are two possible learning sequences:

  • F–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language in primary...

  Overview material | Auslan

• VCASFU198

  Reflect on how language use is influenced by communities’ world views and sense of identity and on how language and culture influence each other

  Elaborations

  • exploring the nature of culture and how it is related to ways of thinking and using language, for example by comparing the cultural concept of Deaf identity with a medical model of deafness
  • reflecting on ways that Auslan describes and reflects Deaf culture, comparing this to the relationship between their own hearing/background language and culture
  • analysing how concepts related to cultural practices are expressed through language, for example, by identifying elements of naming systems such as the use of pointing, NMFs and name signs, as in the case of number name signs of older deaf people who attended the Victorian School for Deaf Children
  • identifying and discussing core cultural concepts reflected in Auslan, such as the collective nature of the Deaf community, the importance of respect for elders and of reciprocity and responsibility, for example, how signing TAP-2h++ reflects the shared understanding of responsibility to share information and pass on knowledge, or greater use of the ‘flat hand’ rather than the ‘point hand’ and use of full titles in acknowledgements and forms of address when introducing an esteemed elder
  • identifying culturally significant attitudes and beliefs conveyed through Auslan that relate to history, significant individuals, places or events, for example, frustration with the use of ‘voice’ in front of deaf signers can be traced to the historical oppression of signed languages
  • comparing elements of communication in different contexts and exchanges that are culturally specific, such as back-channelling, the use of silence or eye contact, head nodding to indicate understanding rather than agreement, and the implications of such cultural variability in contexts such as in courts of law
  • observing that concepts may be culture and language specific, for example, in relation to time and space, as in the spatial mapping for timelines in Auslan
  • exploring ways in which production and affect related to the sign for COCHLEAR IMPLANT have evolved due to shifting values and perceptions within the Deaf community in relation to the implant, noting, for example, the transition from a negative affect to more neutral production of the sign

  VCASFU198 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHIC097

  Create original texts that involve imagination and expression, experimenting with a range of modes and performance genres

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with text structure and imaginative language to create entertaining texts for younger children, for example, by using dramatic and emotive words and vocal expression to build suspense in a story
  • creating dramatic or humorous representations of people, situations or events encountered in their own lives
  • composing and performing poems or songs that incorporate elements of traditional or contemporary literary and musical forms, for example, भक्ति or वीर गाथा verse, nonsense songs, raps
  • creating, rehearsing and performing interpretations of poems for a public recitation or verse-speaking competition
  • creating a multimodal text that captures impressions of their local community through images, sound effects and spoken commentary
  • preparing and presenting a contribution to their school Speech Day, for example, an opening address that uses formal expressions such as माननीय प्रधानाचार्य जी.......
  • planning performances that incorporate elements such as mime, music and expressive commentary and invite reflection on ethical or humanitarian principles, for example, अहिंसा; अनेकता में एकता
  • creating texts such as short stories or cartoons that involve imaginary characters and fantasy scenarios, for example, a new species, parallel universe or superhero
  • improvising unscripted exchanges between imaginary characters who find themselves in challenging situations, for example, मित्रता; निष्ठा; साहस, using gestures, voice and props to build mood, explore relationships and express emotions
  • creating a segment for a community radio station, such as an imaginary cricket commentary or news flash about an imagined catastrophe

  VCHIC097 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCTRU049

  Understand that spoken and written forms of Turkish both vary in terms of formality according to context, purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • understanding how language is adapted to control levels of politeness and formality and to reflect relationship, age and intention, for example, the use of the pronoun siz and the second plural indicator -iz indicates more politeness in requests such as gelir misiniz lütfen? compared with gelin lütfen
  • recognising that written forms of Turkish vary depending on levels of formality and informality, for example, formal letters adopt the use of -iz and of titles such as Hanım/Bey sayın instead of sevgili, canım, compared to the use of first names to address family and friends in informal letters
  • understanding that the use of honorifics such as Ali Ağabey (Abi) , Fatma Abla, Mehmet Amca, Mustafa Dayı, Ahmet Bey, Nazmiye Hanım can be varied when speaking to older people who are less familiar, depending on their age and degree of closeness
  • recognising characteristic differences between spoken and written forms of Turkish, for example, by identifying colloquialisms and expressions used mainly in spoken conversation, for example, the non-standard abi in place of the more formal ağabey or the use of ya at the beginning of spoken utterances
  • knowing that meaning is shaped not only by words but also by expression, gestures and use of voice, and that these elements also vary in formal and informal language
  • recognising how variations in language use reflect different feelings, moods or attitudes, for example, the respectful tone of devotional texts compared to the liveliness, humour and colour of Nasrettin Hoca fıkraları, Temel fıkraları, Çizgi filmler, fabllar

  VCTRU049 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Auslan - First Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students learn to produce all handshapes, movements and locations of single signs. They make use of handling and size and shape specifiers (SASS) depicting signs with increasing accuracy, and use entity depicting signs to talk about simple movement and locations. Students produce a range of clause...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Auslan - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Students become familiar with all handshapes, movements and locations of single signs. They are learning to produce simple positive and negative statements with some time marking, and to use plain verbs or unmodified indicating verbs. They learn to describe familiar objects, animals or people...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence

• Auslan - Second Language Learner - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students are able to produce all handshapes, movements and locations of single signs. They can independently produce simple positive and negative statements with some time marking, and use plain verbs, indicating verbs modified for present referents and simple and familiar depicting verbs. They...

  Level description | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence

• Latin: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students become familiar with the restored pronunciation of Latin. They use appropriate phrasing and voice inflection when reading aloud, reciting or performing Latin texts such as stories, dialogues, songs or plays, and develop their understanding of the sounds of the Latin alphabet. When translating...

  Level description | Languages | Latin

• VCLVU190

  Describe and reflect on how languages change over time and influence one another

  Elaborations

  • exploring form, usage, history and impact of contact languages, including creoles, pidgins and Aboriginal Englishes
  • investigating and describing how the language has changed over time
  • observing changes to language that reflect changing lifestyles, cultural trends and emerging needs, for example, youth language, the language of new technologies, the impact of music, media and technology on communication
  • reflecting on changes in their own use of their first language(s) over time, noticing how and when new ways are adopted or existing ways adapted
  • exploring changes in language over time, for example, by reviewing old films from state archives or early television shows that include Aboriginal actors

  VCLVU190 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC080

  Translate Auslan and English texts composed for different audiences and contexts and consider the dynamic nature of translating and interpreting and the role of culture when transferring meaning from one language to another

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with literal Auslan translations of popular English idioms, noticing when this creates confusion (for example, raining cats and dogs) and discussing how to interpret such idioms accurately
  • comparing online Auslan and English public announcements and government policy/information texts in terms of different approaches to translation and preservation of content, for example, free versus literal
  • viewing and discussing the effectiveness and accuracy of online Auslan translations, such as the Catching Fire series of safety videos or the emergency disaster preparedness videos
  • trialling different resources to assist in translation, including online dictionaries and footage, for example by comparing individual translations, back-translating, and reviewing useful references
  • considering the nature of translation with reference to different strategies such as decoding literal meaning (word for sign), reading for meaning (sense for sense) and cultural reading (between the lines)
  • recognising the need to sometimes recast language and considering why one language may use more words/signs than another to communicate a particular meaning or concept, for example, in relation to the use of space and depicting signs in Auslan in describing a scene compared to the linear spoken modality of English
  • critically evaluating the accuracy and effectiveness of English subtitles to an Auslan text, for example the range of community service Auslan messages produced by the Deaf Society of NSW
  • providing annotated examples of translations of poems or other types of text, identifying challenges involved in transferring meaning, expression, culture and mood from one language to another
  • comparing examples of BSL and Auslan literature and evaluating translations from both/each into English, for example of poems by Dorothy Miles or Walter Kadiki
  • translating suitable jokes, songs, poems, stories or plays from English into Auslan and vice versa
  • analysing existing translations of texts, such as short subtitled films or TV programs containing deaf characters using various sign languages, making comparisons with their own translations into Auslan or English and reflecting on identified variations
  • identifying the range of reference materials and resources available to assist in language documentation and translation tasks, for example ELAN, and exploring how to use them
  • researching aspects of available interpreting services in their area, for example, the role of interpreters, qualifications required, ethical considerations and issues associated with interpreting and translating in specialised contexts such as health, education, legal settings
  • exploring the role of deaf people as Deaf interpreters and as language consultants on interpreted theatre events, considering the work this involves and the skills needed for it
  • considering culturally appropriate and ethical behaviour when interpreting and translating, for example by explaining appropriate behaviour in interpreting contexts and considering potential consequences of inaccurate interpreting
  • analysing codes of ethics of interpreters, comparing existing codes in Australia, such as the ASLIA and AUSIT codes, and developing simple translations of the main principles of each code
  • role-playing the part of a Deaf interpreter for unfamiliar deaf guests who are non-conventional Auslan users or users of another signed language in a simple context such as an interaction in a library
  • comparing signed texts in International Sign with translated Auslan versions created by students, using H3 broadcasts as a resource
  • participating in formal situations where interpreters are working, discussing observed translation choices made

  VCASFC080 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFC119

  Reflect on the experience of learning and using Auslan in and out of school, and ways in which their understanding of intercultural communication has developed

  Elaborations

  • describing how it feels to use Auslan to communicate outside their inner circle or school, or to watch Auslan being used by others, responding to prompts such as What are the main differences you notice when observing a conversation between deaf people and one between hearing people?
  • reflecting on similarities and differences in language and communication access, such as the extent of incidental learning acquired by hearing children through interaction with their external environment, for example by overhearing conversations or news on the radio
  • reflecting on similarities and differences between signed language and spoken language users when joining interactions, taking turns, using names, or passing between people who are communicating with each other
  • identifying and comparing how various emotions and different attitudes such as respect, shyness, exuberance or embarrassment are expressed across different languages and cultures
  • reflecting on the experience of interacting with hearing people in various domains online or face to face, such as after-school sports clubs, analysing these experiences in terms of their own perceptions, understandings or attitudes
  • reflecting on social attitudes and on their own reactions to observed responses to differences in behaviours or communicative styles, such as their feelings when hearing people fail to make eye contact with them during interactions in the wider community
  • reflecting on how their own ways of communicating may be interpreted when interacting with hearing people, and on how they may need to modify elements of their behaviour, such as the use of eye contact, facial expression or body language, and to consider other communication strategies such as the use of notes or gestures

  VCASFC119 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Reflecting

• Chinese - Background Language Learner - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Year 10, students use spoken and written Chinese to initiate and sustain extended interactions with others in their social world and in the Chinese-speaking community, for example, 我的学校生活，澳大利亚的运动，我最喜欢的春节活动. They ask questions (for example, 你真的认为…吗？请想一想…) and adapt language...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Italian - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students’ vocabulary and grammar usage is increased and experimentation occurs with different forms of communication. Students use Italian to communicate and interact with each other and with online resources, to access and exchange information, to express feelings and opinions, to participate...

  Level description | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 7 and 8 description

  Students expand their range of vocabulary beyond their immediate world and familiar experiences. They make clearer distinctions between stress and intonation patterns to increase fluency and enhance expression. They develop broader grammatical knowledge, using present, past and future tenses of...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence

• Languages | Chinese: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  The Chinese curriculum takes account of different entry points into language learning across F–10, which reflects current practice in language teaching.

  There are two possible learning sequences:

  • F–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language in primary...

  Overview material | Chinese

• Latin: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students analyse a range of Latin texts to obtain information and ideas about Roman society and culture. They use vocabulary, grammar and textual cues to analyse and interpret language use and cultural references in Latin texts, such as poetry, letters or narratives, for...

  Level description | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10

• Languages | Arabic: Structure

  Sequences of learning

  The Arabic curriculum recognises that there are different entry points into language learning across F–10, which reflects current language teaching practice.

  There are two possible learning sequences:

  • F–10 sequence for students who begin to learn the language...

  Overview material | Arabic