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• VCESC112

  Locate specific words and expressions in simple print, spoken and digital texts such as charts, lists, songs, rhymes and stories, and use information to complete guided spoken and written tasks

  Elaborations

  • listening for key words in stories, rhymes or songs, using intonation and visual cues such as gestures and facial expressions to assist understanding
  • recognising symbols, words and phrases in written Spanish such as titles, labels and captions
  • participating in shared reading of print and digital texts such as Big Book stories about familiar events or contexts (Los tres cerditos, Tico tango), using pictures, intonation and contextual clues to predict meaning and identify key information
  • demonstrating comprehension of individual words and phrases in simple spoken, written and digital texts by actions such as labelling, drawing, miming or onscreen pointing, clicking or dragging
  • responding to questions about participants and objects that elicit details such as size, colour, quantity or place, for example, ¿De qué color es la casa…? La casa es azul. ¿Dónde está el gato? El gato está en Lima. ¿Cuántos cerdos hay? ¿Tico es grande o pequeño?

  VCESC112 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Informing

• Languages | Modern Greek: Learning in Modern Greek

  Modern Greek language learning

  Modern Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus. It is spoken throughout the world – wherever there are Greek-speaking communities. One of the major characteristics of the extensive Greek Diaspora is the maintenance of the Greek language and culture...

  Overview material | Modern Greek

• VCRAC008

  Translate familiar words and phrases, using visual cues and word lists, noticing how words may have similar or different meanings

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading of texts such as big books, and asking and answering questions about unfamiliar words and the number of words in translated texts
  • using visual dictionaries, word lists and pictures to translate meanings and compare similar or different meanings
  • noticing how aspects of the language studied and English are the same, such as the alphabet and some sounds
  • discussing culture-specific words and practices and terms of address

  VCRAC008 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCKOC136

  Participate in everyday classroom activities such as responding to teacher’s instructions, attracting attention and asking for repetition

  Elaborations

  • getting a turn to ask a question, for example, 질문 있어요
  • requesting repetition, for example,다시 해 주세요
  • following instructions given in Korean, for example,해 보세요, 들으세요, 쓰세요, 말하세요, 읽으세요
  • answering teacher’s questions, 이게/저게/그게 뭐예요? (given as a set phrase), in a short Korean sentence as a set phrase, for example, 그게/그건 책상이에요
  • praising or complimenting each other, for example, (아주) 잘했어요

  VCKOC136 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCZHU240

  Explore assumptions and challenges for language use in new environments, identifying and comparing ways in which sensitive topics are introduced and discussed across languages, for example, comparing the Chinese custom of asking direct questions about age, income and other personal matters with...

  Elaborations

  • recognising clichés, examining cases of ‘breaking’ a cliché and the impact it might have, such as 脑筋建转弯 questions
  • identifying how language use can be varied for different participants in different contexts, for example, the use of slang and abbreviations between teenagers
  • using classical terms and expressions including 成语、歇后语、俗语 appropriate to context, such as using 亭亭玉立 to describe young girls
  • discussing ‘taboo’ terms across languages, and using terms suitable for the context, such as different words for 死 (‘to die’), for example, 驾崩 (皇帝)、 仙逝 （长辈 ) 、去世（一般人) 、香消玉殒 (女性)

  VCZHU240 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Korean - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students engage in classroom interactions to carry out collaborative tasks, to exchange information and to express feelings and ideas related to specific contexts, personal interests and daily routines at home and school. They ask and answer questions with appropriate intonation...

  Level description | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• VCASFC093

  Develop communication and interaction skills such as asking and responding to simple questions and statements and following protocols for participation in Auslan classes and engaging with the Deaf community

  Elaborations

  • recognising and using fingerspelled names for roll call and games
  • exchanging greetings with peers and teachers and stating the day and date
  • following instructions for class routines, such as:
    DS:line-up PLEASE
    Line up, please.
    PLEASE WITH-2++ DS:sit-opposite
    Please find a partner and sit opposite each other.
    
  • asking for help or permission, for example:
    PLEASE HELP-_me?
    Can you help me, please?
    CAN++?
    Can I?
    
  • gaining someone’s attention, for example by waving or tapping a shoulder or table
  • stopping activities and paying attention when lights are flashed or hands are waved
  • using NMFs such as focused eye gaze, nodding and head shaking to show affirmation and negation
  • keeping appropriate signing space between themselves and others
  • using visual applause to show enjoyment of entertainment or commendation

  VCASFC093 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFU140

  Recognise that groups of words are combined to make a clause and that Auslan has word classes such as nouns, adjectives or verbs, and distinguish between statements and questions

  Elaborations

  • categorising noun signs into those for people, animals, places or things
  • learning that proper nouns can have a sign name or be fingerspelled
  • knowing that adjectives describe nouns in different ways, such as how they look (BIG or RED), feel (SOFT or HOT), smell (SMELLY) or sound (LOUD)
  • identifying verb signs (SIT, EAT, FEEL, WONDER, HAVE) and recognising that they are central to a clause
  • noticing there is no equivalent of the verb ‘to be’ in Auslan, which is a significant difference to English
  • understanding that a clause is one or more signs expressing a single idea and that a clause has at least one verb, but often one or more nouns as well, for example:
    CALL-_him
    I called him.
    MAN THERE GO-TO POSS3 HOUSE
    That man went to his house.
    BIG MONSTER SCREAM
    A big monster screamed.
    
  • recognising different nouns in clauses, including those that are shown with a pointing sign, such as GIRL READ versus PRO3 READ, or VISIT FRIEND versus VISIT PRO3
  • noticing that Auslan has more flexibility in word order than in English
  • distinguishing between clauses that are statements and those that are questions

  VCASFU140 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDEC122

  Participate in everyday classroom activities, responding to questions, instructions and requests, asking for clarification or assistance and making simple statements about own and others’ learning

  Elaborations

  • asking and responding to questions related to a learning activity or lesson, for example, Wie bitte? Ich verstehe das nicht. Welche Seite? Wie sagt man das auf Deutsch? Wie spät ist es? Bist du fertig?
  • apologising, making polite requests (including attracting attention), and asking for assistance and permission, for example, Tut mir Leid! Entschuldigung, Frau Lenz! Hilfe, bitte!; Darf ich bitte auf dieToilette gehen?
  • commenting on own and others’ learning, for example, Super! Tolle Arbeit! Gut gemacht!

  VCDEC122 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCDEC020

  Develop classroom language to contribute to structured discussions and monitor learning by giving and following instructions and advice, making suggestions, asking questions for clarification, and expressing agreement or disagreement

  Elaborations

  • stating a problem and asking for advice, for example, Ich habe mein Passwort vergessen. Was soll ich machen? Wie lernt man am besten Vokabeln?
  • discussing and sharing learning strategies, for example, Lerne jeden Tag zehn neue Wörter! Ich lerne Vokabeln am besten, wenn ich sie in einem Satz schreibe.
  • participating in classroom activities and discussions to manage shared learning experiences, considering and commenting on the contributions and views of others, for example, Ja, das stimmt. Sie hat Recht. Ich bin anderer Meinung.

  VCDEC020 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCELU115

  Understand elements of grammar such as word order, verb forms and personal pronouns related to questions, commands and short sentences, and develop vocabulary to describe self, friends and family

  Elaborations

  • recognising the order of words in phrases and sentences, for example, η μαμά μου, Δεν κάνει κρύο, Nα η θεία μου
  • observing that the accent mark indicates emphasis, for example, το βιβλίο, η γάτα, ο σκύλος
  • recognising that all nouns, in particular names in Greek, have an article and gender, for example, η Άννα, το σκυλί, ο μπαμπάς
  • understanding that adjectives have gender, for example, κόκκινος, κόκκινη, κόκκινο, μεγάλος, μεγάλη, μεγάλο, καλός, καλή, καλό
  • using adverbs to show where, for example, έξω, μέσα, εδώ, εκεί, πάνω, κάτω, γύρω
  • using simple adjectives and adverbs to enhance sentences, for example, Κάνει λίγο κρύο, Σ’ αγαπώ πολύ μαμά! Το σπίτι είναι πολύ μεγάλο
  • using verbs in the first person to describe aspects of self, for example, Είμαι αγόρι, είμαι έξι, έχω γάτα
  • recognising terms for common everyday nouns, for example, η πόρτα, η καρέκλα, το σπίτι, ο μπαμπάς
  • responding to and issuing commands, for example, έλα εδώ, κάτσε κάτω
  • responding to questions which include verbs in the second person, singular or plural, such as Πόσω(ν) χρονών είσαι; Τι κάνετε;
  • developing number knowledge for numbers up to 29 and using them in sentences such as Είμαι έξι
  • beginning to use conjunctions such as και

  VCELU115 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESC129

  Participate in everyday classroom exchanges such as responding to simple questions, asking permission, requesting help, asking how to say or write something, asking for repetition and complimenting others

  Elaborations

  • responding to simple questions, for example, by describing the weather and the day’s schedule, using modelled language such as ¡Qué calor hace! Hoy tenemos español y música
  • asking how to say or write a word, for example, ¿Cómo se dice …? ¿Cómo se escribe …?
  • making and responding to requests (¿Me prestas…?, Permiso…, Habla más alto, cerrad vuestros libros; pásame las tijeras, ¿dónde están los lápices?, ¿Puedo usar mi ordenador/computadora? Busca la aplicación...en tu tableta), and asking for rephrasing or repetition, for example, Repita, por favor…
  • negotiating turn-taking and complimenting their friends, for example, es mi turno/es tu turno… o muy bien, felicitaciones/enhorabuena, bonito, excelente; buen trabajo

  VCESC129 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRC021

  Follow the teacher’s instructions and use simple questions, statements and gestures to support own learning, such as asking for help or permission or attracting attention

  Elaborations

  • responding to instructions such as Encore une fois; montre-moi; chantez plus fort; regarde les photos, écoutez, écrivez/tapez la phrase
  • requesting help or clarification, for example, Je ne comprends pas; répétez s’il vous plaȋt; j’ai une question…
  • negotiating turns (for example, C’est à toi? Non, c’est à moi), and praising and evaluating each other, for example, Super! Pas mal. Bon travail! Excellent! Bravo!
  • developing and displaying classroom rules and routines, deciding on priorities such as le respect, la politesse and la co-opération
  • using appropriate language to ask for help or to attract attention, for example, Monsieur, s’il vous plaȋt! Je ne comprends pas
  • rehearsing words, phrases or interjections which can be used as ‘hooks’ or fillers in conversation, such as ah bon … voilà…eh bien…alors

  VCFRC021 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCFRU049

  Develop knowledge of grammatical elements such as tenses, and combine them with an increasing range of nouns, adjectives and adverbs to construct simple statements, questions and exclamations

  Elaborations

  • building a metalanguage to talk about grammar, using terms such as ‘tenses’ and ‘personal pronouns’, and identifying language elements and talking about how they are used
  • using all forms of the present tense of regular -er, -ir and -re verbs and of high-frequency irregular verbs such as avoir, être, aller and faire
  • becoming familiar with l’imparfait when encountered in familiar expressions and scaffolded language contexts, for example, Il était une fois…C’était…
  • using the indicative plus the infinitive (for example, J’aime jouer au tennis, il sait conduire) and le futur proche, for example, je vais partir
  • becoming familiar with and using with support le passé composé, for example, j’ai mangé trois biscuits, elle a dormi sous les étoiles
  • playing games such as ‘matching pairs’ to reinforce grammatical rules, for example, pairing nouns and subject pronouns (Jean travaille: il travaille; Marianne aime le fromage: elle aime le fromage) or a subject with a conjugated verb (nous parlons, tu manges)
  • using a range of nouns, including more unusual plural forms (for example, les bureaux, les choux-fleurs, mes grands-parents), more complex adjectives (for example, beau, belle, beaux, belles) and possessive forms (mon, ma, mes, ton, ta, tes…)
  • formulating questions using est-ce que…, the inverted form of the verb, or changed intonation, for example, est-ce que tu as un chien? as-tu un chien? tu as un chien…?
  • understanding and using negative constructions (for example, tu ne viens pas ce soir?), including the use of de after a negative verb form, for example, je n’ai pas de photos
  • using exclamations to indicate agreement, disagreement, intention or understanding, for example, D’accord! Mais non! bien sûr; voilà!
  • using a range of adverbs to elaborate or accentuate meaning, for example, il parle si doucement; moi j’écoute attentivement

  VCFRU049 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCGRCU029

  Question and explain own and others’ reactions to and assumptions about the language, culture and values of ancient Greek society, discussing how these relate to own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • discussing how values, attitudes and practices of people living in ancient Athens or Sparta are similar to or different from their own
  • exploring how cultural identity was manifested in the ancient world, and making comparisons with own cultural identity in modern Australia
  • exploring the identity and loyalty of the ancient Greeks as members of separate city-states and members of a broader Greek world and relating this to their own identity as a member of a local community, a state/territory/nation and as a global citizen
  • describing and comparing own public and private lives with those of people in ancient Greece
  • considering how cultural diversity has continued to be an integral feature of society since ancient times
  • exploring the process of decentring from own linguistic and cultural standpoint and considering how own ways of behaving and communicating may have been perceived by people of the past

  VCGRCU029 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Reflecting

• VCHIC075

  Use communicative strategies such as asking open questions and providing elaborated responses to extend discussion, justify views and to reflect on the experience of learning and using Hindi in and out of school

  Elaborations

  • extending discussion on topics of shared interest by inviting opinions or further elaboration and by clarifying or justifying statements, for example, इसका क्या प्रभाव पड़ेगा, मुझे विस्तार से बताओ। मेरे कहने का तात्पर्य है कि …; तुम यह कहना चाहते हो कि …; मुझे लगता है कि …
  • designing websites, posters or presentations that reflect on challenges and benefits associated with the experience of learning and using Hindi in the classroom context, for example, मैं बहुत अच्छी हिंदी बोल लेता हूँ, मगर लिखते समय लिंग को लेकर अनेक गलतियाँ होती हैं l हिंदी सीख जाने से मैं अपने दादा-दादी के साथ अच्छी तरह से बातचीत कर पाऊँगी। हिंदी सीखना मुश्किल लग रहा है मगर दिलचस्प बात यह है कि अब मैं हिन्दी फ़िल्मों का पहले से अधिक आनंद ले रही हूँl
  • reflecting on differences between forms of Hindi spoken at home and in the classroom, such as the use of more words influenced by English in the home context, for example, स्कूल compared to विद्यालय, मम्मी-पापा compared to माता-पिता
  • identifying and comparing learning strategies that support their formal study of Hindi in the school context, for example, learning grammar and textual conventions associated with different domains of language use and using purer forms of the language
  • identifying and discussing Hindi idioms and proverbs that may be applied to the experience of learning languages, for example, आकाश से तारे तोड़ लाना; कमर कसना, अब पछताए होत क्या जब चिड़िया चुग गई खेत

  VCHIC075 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAC165

  Interact in whole-class and small group activities that involve seeking information from peers or the teacher, asking and responding to questions, making requests, and asking for and providing clarification

  Elaborations

  • using modelled structures in simple and compound sentences, and cohesive devices such as だから, でも to state opinions, make suggestions or provide clarification
  • asking and responding to questions such as テストはいつですか。 きょうゲームをしますか。 ロッカーに行ってもいいですか。何(なん)ページですか。
  • participating in class activities such as word, board or digital games, using phrases such as わたしの　ばん、みぎ、ひだり、ざんねん、つぎは　だれ?
  • obtaining additional information from the teacher and peers by requesting repetition or clarification or by asking how to say something in Japanese, for example, 日本語(にほんご)で何(なん)ですか。
  • expressing their responses to learning and using Japanese, such as by detailing preferences, likes and dislikes in relation to aspects of the experience, for example, かんじはむずかしいですが、おもしろいです。
  • enquiring about and describing the location of classroom items and materials using prepositions, for example, ワークシートはどこにありますか。テーブルのうえにあります。

  VCJAC165 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCLAU029

  Question and explain own and others’ reactions to and assumptions about the language, culture and values of Roman society, discussing how these relate to own language and culture

  Elaborations

  • investigating the extent to which values, attitudes and practices of people of cosmopolitan Rome are similar to or different from their own
  • exploring how cultural identity was manifested in the ancient world, and making comparisons with own cultural identity in modern Australia
  • exploring the identity of people living in the Roman world and relating this to their own identity as a member of a local community, a state/territory/nation and as a global citizen
  • describing own public and private lives and making comparisons with those of people in ancient Rome
  • considering how cultural diversity has continued to be an integral feature of society since ancient times
  • exploring the process of decentring from own linguistic and cultural standpoint and considering how own ways of behaving and communicating might be perceived by people of the past

  VCLAU029 | Languages | Latin | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Reflecting

• VCTRC105

  Contribute to structured discussions and shared learning experiences by asking and responding to questions, clarifying statements, demonstrating understanding, expressing agreement or disagreement and reflecting on their learning

  Elaborations

  • asking and responding to questions, expressing opinions and clarifying statements in structured discussions or debates, for example, bana göre, şöyle ki, seninle aynı fikirde değilim
  • using evaluative language to acknowledge strengths in others’ arguments or challenge views in a courteous manner, for example, İnanıyorum ki …, Görüşünü destekleyecek kanıtın var mı? Haklısın ama bence …, Seninle tamamen aynı fikirdeyim, hemfikiriz
  • using metalanguage to discuss language, culture and language-learning and to engage in peer- and self-reflection, for example, şimdi daha rahat Türkçe konuşabiliyorum, Türkçe TV programlarını daha iyi anlayabiliyorum, Evde Türkçeyi daha rahat konuşuyorum ama okulda zorlanıyorum
  • comparing their reflections on the experience of learning Turkish in school, identifying personal learning strategies and preferred learning modes, using statements such as Ben çok sık tekrar yapıyorum, Yeni öğrendiğim kelimeleri cümle içinde kullanıyorum, Ben görerek daha iyi öğreniyorum, Benim ezberim çok iyi, Benim ezberim iyi değil

  VCTRC105 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCVIC003

  Interact with peers in class routines and exchanges by asking and responding to questions, following instructions and requesting support, for example, by asking for repetition, rephrasing and explanation

  Elaborations

  • interacting in class routines such as responding to the teacher during roll call, for example, Chào thầy/cô. Chào các bạn. Dạ có mặt/Bạn Nam vắng mặt; following instructions, for example, Xếp hàng! Vào lớp! Mở tập ra! Đứng lên! Ngồi xuống! Im lặng! Hãy đọc chữ này!; asking for permission, for example, Thưa cô cho em đi vệ sinh/ra sớm năm phút; making polite apologies, for example, Xin lỗi cô em tới trễ/em quên làm bài tập về nhà; and requesting help or support, for example, Bạn làm ơn cho tôi mượn viết chì. Xin cô giải thích chữ này giùm em
  • participating in classroom exchanges by asking and responding to questions about school life, classroom activities, subjects, teachers and friends, for example, Bạn mới tên gì vậy? Bạn thích thầy/cô nào? Bạn thích học môn gì? Ngày mai có giờ toán không? Khi nào có ngày hội thể thao? Bạn làm bài xong chưa? Xong rồi/Chưa xong. Bạn cho tôi mượn tập được không? Chờ một chút, tôi sắp xong rồi
  • using repair strategies such as asking for repetition and specific details of tasks and expressing lack of knowledge, for example, Xin lỗi, bạn vừa nói gì vậy? Xin lỗi, tôi không nghe rõ, bạn làm ơn lặp lại.
  • expressing opinions on classwork and school life, for example, Giờ học tiếng Việt vui quá. Bài thi tiếng Anh khó quá. Buổi đi cắm trại rất thú vị và bổ ích. Phòng vệ sinh trường mình rất sạch. Căn-tin trường mình bán đồ ăn ngon và rẻ

  VCVIC003 | Languages | Vietnamese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising