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• VCTRC008

  Explain in English the meaning of everyday Turkish words, phrases and gestures, noticing which are similar or different to equivalent words in English or other known languages

  Elaborations

  • translating simple words and expressions related to ‘Things I do everyday’, using matching word cards, pictures, large print dictionaries, word lists and labels, noticing words that are similar in the two languages, such as televizyon, radyo, yogurt, tren, taksi
  • explaining the English meaning of Turkish words and phrases used for greetings, apologies and appreciations, such as hoş geldiniz, hoş bulduk, geçmiş olsun, merhaba, hoşça kal, günaydın, iyi günler, iyi akşamlar, iyi geceler, and discussing how and when they are used
  • comparing and contrasting the meaning and sounds of key words and expressions that feature in Turkish and English versions of popular children’s rhymes, games and songs, such as ‘Old MacDonald’ and Ali Baba’nın Çiftliği, ‘Are you sleeping?’ and Tembel Çocuk Kalksana
  • demonstrating and explaining in Turkish gestures that are associated with cultural traditions, such as greeting elders by kissing their hand and placing it on the forehead to show respect
  • noticing words or expressions in Turkish that are not easy to translate into English because they carry different meanings, for example, Ellerine sağlık. Çok yaşa! Sen de gör! Geçmiş olsun!

  VCTRC008 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRU014

  Understand that language is organised as ‘texts’ that take different forms and use different structures to achieve their purposes

  Elaborations

  • understanding texts as different forms of communication which can be spoken, written, digital or visual, can be very short, for example, tekerleme, bilmece, not, fıkra, e-posta, or much longer, for example, mektup, masal and hikaye
  • understanding that different types of texts have different features, for example, repetition and rhythm in action songs and chants such as Komşu komşu, Yağ satarım bal satarım, Portakalı soydum
  • beginning to use metalanguage to talk about texts, for example, by identifying text types, such as bilmece, tekerleme, masal, fıkra, and describing typical features, for example, masal starts with Bir varmış, bir yokmuş, evvel zaman içinde ... and ends with Gökten üç elma düşmüş, biri masalı anlatana, biri dinleyene, biri de bütün iyi insanlara; tekerleme and bilmece both have rhymes and rhythms
  • noticing how familiar texts such as poems or stories are sequenced and organised, for example, by identifying titles, connections between pictures and texts, or familiar lines, as in dua (call to prayers), 23 Nisan şiirleri ve dizeler/dörtlükler, Resimlerle Atatürk’ün hayatı, Keloğlan resimleri ile başlıklar, Bayram Günü

  VCTRU014 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHC085

  Express opinions about imagined characters and events seen and heard in contemporary media and performances, and create own portrayals of characters using gesture, action, stress, and modelled phrases

  Elaborations

  • watching segments of texts in Chinese, such as popular music videos from various sources of media, and expressing personal opinions, for example, 我觉得…很有意思
  • performing Chinese songs and experimenting with rhythm, voice, emotion and gesture to convey the intended sentiment and meaning of songs and rhymes and enhance performance
  • comparing stories and characters in both Chinese and Australian popular media, and exploring themes and topics that interest young people from different cultural backgrounds, such as 澳大利亚的年轻人也很喜欢看动作片。成龙很有名
  • creating short plays or skits and taking on roles in imagined scenarios such as visiting or hosting a Chinese friend, a shopping experience or a fashion show
  • assuming the role of a young Chinese person in the performance of a play about, for example, celebrating Chinese New Year
  • creating and performing a rap about learning Chinese, experimenting with voice, gesture and action to convey different emotions and attitudes, including use of word stress to alter the way meaning is expressed and interpreted, for example, exploring the implications of expressing 不要 with varying degrees of volume and emphasis

  VCZHC085 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHC021

  Respond to and create simple imaginative texts using voice, rhythm, and appropriate gesture and action

  Elaborations

  • performing plays in groups, using puppets and props, with allocated roles (such as 《十二生肖的故事》, 《饥饿的毛毛虫》), and using gestures and other movements to enhance the impact of performance, for example, using facial expressions to demonstrate emotions during a play
  • viewing performances such as a song and dance show for children and identifying features of language, for example, rhyming in 小燕子，穿花衣，年年春天来这里
  • creating own representations of familiar songs (小星星), poems and stories with a focus on varying voice, rhythm, gesture and action
  • reading excerpts of 童谣 and comparing Chinese-specific expression with English version, such as 小猫怎么叫,喵喵喵。小狗怎么叫，汪汪汪。小鸡怎么叫，叽叽叽。小鸭怎么叫，嘎嘎嘎。小羊怎么叫，咩咩咩
  • singing familiar songs from both cultures, such as 《小星星》，《说哈罗》,《猜拳歌》 or 《狼与小孩》, to memorise words and sounds and for enjoyment
  • expressing own feelings, likes and dislikes in response to Chinese stories, songs and poems, and asking for classmates’ feelings

  VCZHC021 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFU090

  Understand that Auslan and Deaf culture are interrelated, that they shape and are shaped by each other and that their relationship changes over time and across contexts

  Elaborations

  • exploring the relationship between language and culture, for example by analysing language used in pathological and sociocultural models of deafness and the impact that each philosophy and the language used to express it may have in regard to services for deaf people
  • appreciating the complexity of the relationship between language and culture, for example by discussing distinctions between Deaf cultures and other cultural minorities, such as the fact that most deaf people are born to hearing parents and typically access and experience Deaf culture through communicating with peers and other Auslan users in and out of school, in addition to their cultural experience in their families of origin
  • recognising the cultural significance of symbols and language features used in Auslan, for example the use of light and darkness in stories, poetry and performance, as in gaslight stories
  • considering cultural explanations for conversational strategies used by Auslan signers to avoid conflict and to maintain privacy, such as changing signing space and style, using indirect language such as signing lower or under the table, fingerspelling instead of signing overtly, or modifying a sign choice such as menstruation to suit the context
  • understanding that Auslan plays an important role in the expression and maintenance of Deaf culture, that each deaf person has a right to learn and use Auslan as part of their birthright and as a key element of their membership of the Deaf community, and that they become custodians and owners of the language
  • appreciating the cultural value and importance of festivals and events in the Deaf community, such as NWDP, as celebrations of language, history, culture and identity
  • analysing ways in which deaf people interpret and exploit the possibilities and cultural meanings of sound, for example, in games and stories which incorporate signs for sound and reactions to sound, for example, a door slamming
  • recognising that Auslan signs change over time due to shifting cultural values and changing experiences, for example, the sign for APPRENTICE modified to refer to TAFE, the shifting values around the sign DEAF^DEAF (culturally Deaf reference for deaf-mute), and unsuccessful attempts to reframe this with an audiological focus
  • reflecting on the ways culture is interpreted by others, for example by identifying how stereotypes about deaf and hearing people influence perceptions
  • recognising that cultural beliefs and behaviours are embedded in Auslan, for example, recounts by deaf people of interactions with hearing people might include language that reflects beliefs about English and ‘hearing-ness’, for example, an anecdote about a frustrating interaction might be concluded with hearing, their way
  • reflecting on the labels ‘deaf’ and ‘hearing’, considering what they mean to different people and their implications in terms of status, access, opportunity and privilege
  • analysing ways in which deaf people’s jokes and humorous narratives reflect cultural values about deaf/hearing relationships and how deaf people navigate the world, for example the ‘Bob’s House’ commercial
  • exploring how advocacy strategies can reflect deaf people’s cultural practices and values, for example the ‘TTY-in’ used to advocate for the National Relay Service

  VCASFU090 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCARC006

  Participate in imaginative experience by listening to, viewing and reading texts, such as songs, cartoons, folk tales and other stories, and sharing opinions, ideas and responses relating to characters, settings and events

  Elaborations

  • participating in shared reading of imaginative texts, sharing opinions and responding to questions
  • responding to imaginative texts such as stories, rhymes and songs through play-acting, or using illustrations, captions and movement, or miming favourite characters
  • listening to, reading and viewing a range of texts in print, digital and oral formats, and participating in guided discussion, for example, by responding to questions about characters, ideas and events
  • discussing imaginative texts and making short statements about aspects such as characters, settings or events
  • listening to and viewing imaginative texts such as folk tales and fables and sharing opinions or feelings about them using expressions such as

    أحبّ قصة علاء الدين لأنها مسلية؛ قصة علاء الدين مملّة لأنها قديمة

  • describing characters, events or contexts in different types of imaginative texts such as films and cartoons, and listing words or expressions associated with a character’s personality and explaining how they can relate to them, for example,

    أنا أحبّ دور الولد في الفيلم لأنّه شقيّ مثلي؛ البنت غيورة جداً؛ الأب في الفيلم حنون مثل أبي

  • comparing favourite characters or events in imaginative texts such as cartoons, stories or digital games using expressions such as

    البنت في القصة أفضل من أخيها لأنها صادقة ولا تكذب؛ عادل صديق مخلص أكثر من سمير

  VCARC006 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFC132

  Participate in the shared viewing of recorded or live imaginative signed texts, responding through drawing, miming, gesture or familiar signs

  Elaborations

  • viewing recorded or live children’s stories and nursery rhymes in Auslan, for example National Simultaneous Storytime books, demonstrating understanding through drawing, gesture, modelled signs or voice
  • responding to short expressive texts that involve the movement of people, animals and/or vehicles, using drawings, familiar signs or re-enactments with puppets or props
  • playing with key elements of short signed stories, for example by mimicking facial expressions or repeated signs
  • interacting with a signing puppet or doll in an imaginary setting, for example by signing simple questions such as:
    WHAT NAME PRO2?
    What is your name?
    WHAT LIKE D-O PRO2?
    What do you like to do?
    
  • participating in interactions in Auslan that involve imaginative responses to stimuli, using gestures, handshapes, facial expressions and simple signs
  • engaging with different forms of Deaf art, such as handshape creations
  • shadowing non-manual features in short Auslan poems or stories

  VCASFC132 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFC007

  Express imaginative experience through creative games, role-play and mime, using familiar signs, modelled language and constructed action

  Elaborations

  • changing elements of favourite stories to create their own versions, with a focus on varying manner or constructed action
  • interacting with imaginary characters using lexical and non-lexical signs and NMFs to express emotions such as excitement, fear or amazement
  • using iconic signs to create their own variations on familiar nursery rhyme actions, such as in ‘Incy Wincy Spider’
  • depicting the movement of people, animals or means of transport by using handshapes in creative ways
  • creating amusing sequences of signs using a fixed handshape, such as YOU THINK PRO1 SHY
  • experimenting with NMFs and handshapes to play games such as ‘Simon Says’, taking turns to be Simon
  • experimenting with facial expressions to match different emotional expressions, such as HAPPY, SCARED, TIRED
  • changing an aspect of a cartoon or picture story, using gestures, handshapes and NMFs to explain differences
  • representing objects using combined bodies and hands in amusing or creative ways
  • exploring the use of constructed action such as eye gaze change, body shift and head orientation when enacting imagined adventures
  • making their own handshape creations
  • assuming the role of a character from a story and responding to signed questions from classmates, such as:
    YOUR NOSE DS:long-nose WHY?
    Why is your nose so long, Pinocchio?
    

  VCASFC007 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Creating

• VCDEU012

  Recognise and use key features of the German sound system, including pronunciation, rhythm, stress and intonation, and identify main similarities and differences between the phonological and orthographic systems of English and German

  Elaborations

  • noticing and imitating German sounds, and developing awareness of letter–sound relationships, including distinctive sounds such as those represented by the letters ch, r, th, u and z; consonant blends and clusters such as sch; short and long vowel sounds and diphthongs such as au, ei, eu and ie; the impact of the Umlaut on a, o and u; and ß
  • applying German capitalisation rules to nouns and noticing that the capitalisation of the formal ‘you’ form Sie distinguishes it from sie (she/they)
  • understanding that β can only be used in lower case, otherwise SS, and that ä, ö and ü can be written as ae, oe and ue respectively, for example, in upper case signs or word puzzles such as crosswords
  • understanding the meaning and use of full stops and commas in German ordinal or decimal numbers, for example, die 8. Klasse; 9,50 Euro; 15.30 Uhr
  • learning to pronounce the German alphabet by singing das Alphabetlied, and using the German alphabet for spelling out names and other words
  • practising pronunciation of particular sounds and rhythms by saying tongue twisters, rhymes and short poems
  • recognising differences in intonation and rhythm between statements, questions and commands

  VCDEU012 | Languages | German | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIC114

  Respond to a range of traditional and contemporary creative and literary texts, describing settings, identifying key themes, values and concepts, discussing representation of characters and events and the stylistic effects of different genres

  Elaborations

  • comparing themes and values represented in contemporary texts such as cartoons or video games with those conveyed in traditional fables, epic poems and legends, for example, एकलव्य की गुरुदक्षिणा
  • discussing the enduring influence of classical fables and legends in passing on cultural values through allegory and storying, for example, by identifying classical references to describe personal traits or qualities, as in सत्यवादी हरिश्चन्द्र, श्रवण कुमार
  • identifying the use of English words and expressions by contemporary poets or songwriters writing in Hindi, considering possible reasons for this
  • analysing how the use of rhythm, rhyme, imagery and metaphor by poets such as कबीर, रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर; हरिवंश राय बच्चन; नीरज, गुलज़ार, महादेवी वर्मा and writers such as भीष्म साहनी; जयशंकर प्रसाद; मुँशी प्रेमचंद, मन्नू भंडारी create emotional, dramatic or humorous effects that reflect cultural traditions and literary genres
  • identifying characteristic elements of traditional forms of Hindi literature, such as verse celebrating bravery/warriors, for example, वीर गाथाएँ और गीत, जैसे पुष्प की अभिलाषा, devotional verse such as मीराबाई और सूरदास के भक्ति गीत, or children’s poems that celebrate nature, such as आया बसन्त
  • comparing the style, themes and language associated with different musical genres, for example, patriotic music such as राष्ट्रीय गान and सारे जहाँ से अच्छा, film songs or advertising jingles
  • exploring the playfulness, creativity and competitiveness of riddles, comparing their function as traditional entertainment in village communities with that of language play among young children today

  VCHIC114 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCHIC115

  Create individual and collaborative imaginative texts in a range of modes and formats to entertain, convey ideas, express emotions and explore the creativity of language

  Elaborations

  • using different modes of presentation such as skits or cartoons to develop storylines and characters that explore bicultural experiences, for example, responding to stereotypes, negotiating intergenerational relationships, expressing identity in different languages
  • adapting an existing resource such as a traditional story or fable such as दुष्यन्त और शकुन्तला की कहानी to suit a different kind of audience, for example, young people in today’s society
  • creating texts for specific age or interest groups, selecting appropriate vocabulary, structure and content for the intended audience, for example, युवाओं के लिए स्वास्थ्य जानकारी, जंगल बचाओ, प्रवासी भारतीयों के लिए जानकारी
  • creating texts that incorporate humorous and expressive language to entertain younger audiences, for example, puppet plays, short video clips or voki animations, selecting language and images that enhance the visual or listening experience
  • creating riddles to entertain each other, imitating the use of meter, rhythm, rhyme and metaphor exemplified in riddles from Hindi literature and folklore
  • creating an English-language commentary to an observed Hindi-language sitcom, discussing how to transfer or explain the humour or dramatic effects of the original text into English
  • using descriptive and evocative language to create an imagined scene or interaction between two characters designed to create a strong emotional response, such as fear, anticipation or amazement
  • designing, illustrating and captioning texts such as cartoons or photo-stories, using expressive and imaginative language to capture character and emotion
  • using digital resources to create imaginary characters and situations associated with school or home contexts to entertain younger learners
  • providing a live commentary of a dance performance, interpreting movements, commenting on the significance of costume and adornments and interpreting key messages conveyed through the performance

  VCHIC115 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCIDC110

  Translate informative and imaginative texts from Indonesian to English and vice versa, comparing own interpretations with others and discussing what differs and why

  Elaborations

  • translating texts such as signs, announcements, notices, songs, advertisements, or extracts from stories and films, and then comparing own translation with peers’, discussing differences between versions and considering reasons for these
  • analysing texts for culture-specific terms and expressions (for example, masuk angin, kerok, nasi sudah menjadi bubur) and considering how best to represent these in another language
  • analysing a familiar text in its translated form (for example, a nursery rhyme, children’s story, advertisement or web page translated into Indonesian), noticing what has or has not been effectively translated, and considering what the challenges are and how the text could be improved
  • finding ways to represent culture-specific expressions — for example, geography (‘suburb’, RW/RT, tanah air), food (‘wheat/dairy free’, halal, gurih), and values (‘equality’, gotong royong) — such as by adding a brief description or explanation, for example, ‘pendopo, a kind of outdoor meeting area or pavilion’
  • using print dictionaries and electronic translators to support the translation process, including doing ‘back translations’, noticing when a word or expression does or does not translate readily and considering why

  VCIDC110 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCKOC027

  Translate and interpret informative and imaginative texts for peers and the community, taking account of different audiences and contexts, identifying and explaining culture-specific aspects

  Elaborations

  • translating short texts such as announcements, notices, songs, advertisements, or extracts from stories and films, considering audiences and contexts and reflecting on how cultural elements are encoded in common words or expressions, for example, the use of family terms, titles and terms of address, and the way of answering negative questions (안 했어요? 네, 안 했어요 / 아니요, 했어요) and of using 가다/오다 from a perspective different from that involved in ‘go/come’ (언제 우리 집에 와요? 지금 가요!)
  • comparing translations of familiar texts such as instructions or children’s stories to determine the ages of intended audiences and any differences in contexts (such as relationships and the degree of formality), noticing how these are taken into account differently in the translated and original versions
  • using print dictionaries and electronic translators to support the translation process, including doing ‘back translations’, considering why a word or expression does or does not translate readily and reflecting on possible ways to translate words and expressions without losing their original meaning, for example, 세배, 새해 복 많이 받으세요, 쌀밥/보리밥
  • analysing a familiar text in its translated form (for example, a nursery rhyme, children’s story, advertisement or web page translated into Korean), noticing what has or has not been effectively translated, considering the challenges of the translation and how the text could be improved

  VCKOC027 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRC059

  Translate and interpret short texts from Turkish into English and vice versa, comparing versions and considering how to explain elements that involve cultural knowledge or understanding

  Elaborations

  • identifying language associated with cultural categories such as aile hayatı, kıyafetler or batıl inançlar encountered when translating short texts from Turkish into English, noticing when expressions require explanation as well as translation
  • paraphrasing words or expressions that require cultural knowledge of events such as bayram or personal celebrations, such as sünnet and kına gecesi, noting the dangers of literal translation, for example, çay, kahve alır mısın? instead of çay, kahve içer misin?
  • translating short excerpts of folktales, stories, songs or plays into English, demonstrating how cultural elements cannot be translated literally, for example, the opening rhymes of Bir varmış, bir yokmuş; vocabulary such as Evvel zaman içinde, kalbur saman içinde, pireler berber, develer tellâl iken ben anamın beşiğini tıngır mıngır sallar iken; or the closing ryhmes of stories such as Gökten üç elma düşmüş, biri masalı anlatana, biri dinleyene, biri de bütün iyi insanlara
  • comparing translations of fairytales such as Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood and Cinderella into Turkish, noticing challenges related to the use of tenses, such as -miş’li Geçmiş Zaman, to vocabulary equivalence and to the translation of cultural elements
  • comparing their own translations of short texts with those of their classmates, then comparing both to versions produced by digital or electronic translators, discussing reasons for variations and discrepancies
  • interpreting for a guest speaker to their class or wider school community, explaining cultural references and reflecting on their significance in terms of effective intercultural communication
  • identifying and interpreting examples of colloquialisms, slang and idioms typically used by young people, such as fırça çekmek, tuzlu, kafa ütülemek, cebi delik

  VCTRC059 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCTRC108

  Respond to a range of traditional and contemporary creative and imaginative texts, describing settings, identifying key themes and values and discussing the representation of characters and events

  Elaborations

  • comparing themes, representation of characters, moral messages and social commentary in contemporary texts such as TV programs and popular song lyrics with those embodied in traditional texts such as fables or epic poems by Karacaoğlan and Köroğlu
  • viewing and listening to television series or songs, such as Türk dizileri, Türkçe pop şarkılar ve türküler, describing settings, identifying key events and themes and noticing elements that reflect cultural views or contexts
  • comparing their own life experiences with those depicted in traditional texts such as Nasreddin Hoca, Hababam Sınıfı filmleri, Aşık Veysel türküleri, identifying elements of human experience that apply across time, such as family, love, truth
  • discussing concepts such as courage, loyalty and social justice embodied in characters such as Karaoğlan, Köroğlu, Kara Murat, considering the relevance of such concepts and portrayals to their own lives
  • providing a live commentary of dance performances such as Silifkenin Yoğurdu, Harmandalı, Horon, Kıbrıs Çiftetellisi, interpreting movements, commenting on the significance of costume and adornments and interpreting messages conveyed through the performance
  • telling the story of Türk halıları ve kilimleri in their own words, comparing their individual interpretations of the design, symbols and colours in the rug
  • viewing performances of Mevlevi Dervişleri, using descriptive and expressive language to describe the rhythms and movements, commenting on the significance of costumes and interpreting key ‘messages’ of the performance
  • comparing responses to authentic texts related to Gelibolu and Çanakkale, such as songs, movies, photos, stories, diaries or letters, which reflect soldiers’ experiences from either Australian or Turkish perspectives
  • identifying how cultural traditions and beliefs are communicated through visual and creative arts, including traditions of oral storytelling, for example, by comparing representations of animals or landscapes in Indigenous Dreaming stories with Turkish mythologies, art and dance
  • responding to different genres of verse, drama and song lyrics, discussing how imagery, rhythm and rhyme create mood and effect, and experimenting with imaginative and expressive language to create their own texts in these genres

  VCTRC108 | Languages | Turkish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCVIU134

  Experiment with pronunciation and spelling of Vietnamese vowels, consonants and tone markers

  Elaborations

  • identifying similarities and differences between Vietnamese and English pronunciation, and adapting learnt spelling strategies from one language to the other
  • exploring the Vietnamese sound system and making connections between letters, sounds and tone markers in words, for example, adding or changing tone markers to form new words (co, cò, có, cỏ, cọ)
  • recognising common Vietnamese sounds in words, for example, nguyên âm đôi, and using spelling strategies to identify and produce words that have the same sounds, for example, ao: áo, táo, vào and ơi: chơi, với, tới
  • analysing sounds such as diphthongs and triphthongs (nguyên âm đôi và nguyên âm ba) and rhyming patterns (vần điệu) when listening to Vietnamese songs, and grouping words according to their pronunciation and sounds, for example, uơi: cười, tươi, người and iên: liền, miền, điền, tiền
  • developing and applying spelling strategies when writing frequently used words and more difficult words, for example, ưa, mưa, đưa, chưa, and forming new words, for example, cái, mái, lái, thái, trái

  VCVIU134 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language