Search results

Result list

• VCIDU030

  Develop understanding of ways to express possession and describe qualities of people and objects, and expand vocabulary related to personal and social world

  Elaborations

  • describing people and animals using pronouns, gender and adjectives of character, for example, dia, mereka, teman, kakak laki-laki, adik perempuan, kakek, nenek; kaki, tangan, mata; kucing, marmot, burung; gemuk, kurus, tinggi, senang, sedih, marah; and describing weather using adjectives such as panas, dingin, hujan, mendung, cerah
  • describing places (for example, kolam renang, taman, toko, pantai, sekolah, rumah, desa, gereja, pura, mesjid) and movement using prepositions (for example, dari, ke, dengan, pada) and adjectives, for example, kiri, kanan
  • describing objects using concrete nouns related to home, school and local environment, for example, forms of transport (sepeda, mobil, bis, kereta api, becak, delman, dokar, bendi) and items such as foods (semangka, kelapa)
  • describing quantity using cardinal numbers (puluh, ratus) and ordinal numbers using ke- prefix, and making plurals by duplicating, for example, buku-buku
  • describing actions using simple base verbs (for example, tinggal, bangun, mandi, naik) and ber- verbs, for example, bermain, berjalan, bersepeda, berenang
  • recognising imperatives, for example, Angkat tangan, Buka bukumu, Ayo cepat!
  • seeking information using questions, for example, kapan, dari mana, ke mana?
  • linking ideas using conjunctions, for example, karena, tetapi
  • locating events in time (for example, hari ini, kemarin, besok, sudah, belum) and using days of the week and months, for example, Pada hari…
  • understanding the rules for subject-verb-object sentence construction (for example, Saya tinggi, Saya bermain…, Saya makan…) and possessive word order, for example, Adik laki-laki saya…, Tas teman Herman…
  • giving praise, gratitude and encouragement, for example, coba, Bagus sekali!, terima kasih banyak
  • recognising that the same rules of punctuation apply as in English, for example, using capital letters and full stops for sentences

  VCIDU030 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU119

  Understand the role of language and culture in shaping and conveying cultural identity, including the multiple languages and cultures both in Indonesia and in Australia

  Elaborations

  • examining the link between language and cultural values in Indonesia, for example, concepts of community (komunitas, keluarga besar [company name], rakyat, masyarakat) and working together/reciprocating (saling membantu, saling mengerti, gotong royong, bertenggang rasa)
  • understanding how language reflects specific cultural ideas, such as social organisation (for example, kelurahan, bapak camat, bupati, kabupaten, propinsi), as well as values, such as deference and humility, for example, numpang tanya Pak, minta maaf, kalau saya tidak salah
  • recognising that cultural values, customs and practices are constantly changing and are evident in language use, for example, the use of kinship terms to refer to people who are not blood relations (Saudara, Paman, Tante, Mas, Mbak)
  • appreciating that language use can reflect and express cultural identity; that multiple languages exist in both Indonesia and Australia, including Indigenous languages; and that many people are multilingual and value this capability as an integral part of their identity

  VCIDU119 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCIDU097

  Develop understanding of pronunciation related to single and combined sounds and the use of intonation in statements and questions, noticing Indonesian spelling and pronunciation conventions

  Elaborations

  • recognising that Indonesian is written using the Roman alphabet but with distinctive sounds and sound combinations, for example, a, e, i, o, u, c, r, ng, ngg, ny, au, aa, ai
  • noticing raised penultimate syllable in words, for example, membosankan, berbelanja and silakan
  • recognising intonation for questions (with or without question words), statements, commands and interjections, for example, wah, aduh

  VCIDU097 | Languages | Indonesian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCIDU080

  Understand pronunciation and intonation conventions, and apply to new words with affixation and a range of complex sentences

  Elaborations

  • recognising the role of stress and rhythm in creating emphasis, for example, recurring patterns, chorus, rhymes and onomatopoeia
  • noticing how tone can convey emotion, such as in colloquial language, for example, kasihan deh, bagi dong, aku dikasih nggak
  • using elision in informal communication, for example, mau [atau] nggak?, mahal s[e]kali, [bara]ngkali
  • recognising that Indonesian may allow more than one spelling of loan words, for example, bis/bus, system/sistim, propinsi/provinsi, moderen/modern
  • knowing when to pause in complex sentences with embedded clauses

  VCIDU080 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITC028

  Translate texts to compare meanings and share understandings about aspects of Italian language and culture that are different from English

  Elaborations

  • translating words, phrases and captions, and describing how meanings may change across languages
  • explaining the ideas contained in texts to someone unfamiliar with Italian, for example, lunch, alla mensa scolastica; le vacanze estive; la passeggiata
  • becoming familiar with using bilingual dictionaries and online translators

  VCITC028 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Translating

• VCITU056

  Understand the diversity of languages and cultures represented in the classroom, and the multilingual and multicultural character of Australian society

  Elaborations

  • developing an awareness of the different dialects spoken in Italy and used in Italian-speaking communities in Italy and in the diaspora
  • comparing the words they have heard in their home and/or community to ones learnt in class and noticing that there are different dialects in Italian, for example, bambino in Italian is the equivalent to picciriddu in Sicilian dialect
  • discussing the local linguistic landscape, including the presence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages

  VCITU056 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITU075

  Understand the value of communicating within and across languages, and discuss the interrelationship between Italian, English and other languages

  Elaborations

  • discussing how loan words in both Italian and English have come from other from other languages such as Latin and Greek, for example, agenda, census, via, metafora, stigma
  • understanding differences between standardised language and dialects, comparing words used in the home and/or community to those used in formal settings such as school, for example, guaglione or toso and ragazzo
  • reflecting on the history of Italian migration to Australia, the formation of communities of speakers of Italian in specific cities and suburbs, and the resulting regional variations of language, such as Australo-Italian, and the impact of Australian English on the local Italian community
  • analysing the influence of the Italian language on English in areas such as food, music and fashion, and considering the value of this influence

  VCITU075 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITU127

  Understand and use the features of Italian sound and written systems, including pronunciation, stress and intonation in increasingly complex structures and texts

  Elaborations

  • recognising some common interjections, for example, oh!, e?, cioè, ahimè, ohimè, uffa!
  • recognising the differences in pronunciation of words with similar spelling, for example, sùbito, subito
  • comparing and contrasting the pronunciation of similar-sounding words using text-to-speech software or the audio option of word-processing programs
  • recognising common cognate words in speech, for example, organizzazione, programmare, arrivare
  • identifying and interpreting sounds and textual features and devices such as onomatopoeia, repetition, simile and metaphor, and understanding how they are used to express emotion and convey attitudes
  • analysing personal interactions and audiovisual texts such as films to understand how tone, gesture and body language support meaning
  • recognising the difference between anglicised and Italian pronunciation

  VCITU127 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCITU035

  Understand that language use varies according to the participants’ age, gender and relationship, and the context of use

  Elaborations

  • noticing differences between spoken and written texts
  • choosing appropriate formal and informal language for greetings, farewells and good wishes in social interactions, for example, Ciao Angela/Buongiorno Signora. Come stai?/Come sta? Questo/a è … ti presento ... Piacere!
  • identifying the meaning of conventional expressions used socially in Italian and the different contexts in which they are used, for example, Permesso? — Avanti! Grazie. — Prego; Per favore/per piacere. Buon appetito! A domani!

  VCITU035 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCITU131

  Analyse and understand the dynamic nature of Italian (and languages in general) recognising the impact of technology, media and intercultural contact

  Elaborations

  • developing awareness of the Latin origins of the Italian language and other Indo-European languages, how Italian has developed as a language, and the use of dialects
  • researching the use of dialects within the context of Italian-speaking communities (for example, by developing a portfolio of examples, gathered through interviews, blogs, community radio and events), considering the use of dialect and/or Standard Italian, and reflecting on the findings
  • observing changes over time in levels of formality, particularly in spoken Italian such as forms of address, for example, tu/Lei compared to voi/Loro
  • exploring, expanding and consolidating word usage using online applications relating to proverbs, sayings and set phrases

  VCITU131 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAC110

  Participate in guided group activities such as games, songs and simple tasks, using movement, gestures and pictures to support understanding and to convey meaning

  Elaborations

  • singing and responding to action songs such as むすんでひらいて, ひげじいさん, きらきらぼし, おおきなくりのきのしたで、 or tongue twisters (早(はや)口(くち)言(こと)葉(ば)) such as なまむぎなまごめなまたまご、 あかパジャマきパジャマちゃパジャマ
  • playing じゃんけんぽん and using it in interactions such as turn-taking
  • participating in games, tasks and activities that involve guessing, matching and choosing objects, such as Bingo, Snap or Go Fish, using modelled questions and responses, for example,
    うさぎ　です　か。はい/いいえ。はい、うさぎ　です。
    いいえ、うさぎ　じゃない　です。
  • using formulaic phrases related to playing games, for example, つぎ、　はい！、　かった、 まけた、ざんねん、あたり、はずれ
  • using rehearsed language to collaborate in craft activities, for example, のり　を　ください。はい、どうぞ。

  VCJAC110 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAU160

  Understand that different ways of using Japanese language shape and reflect different relationships, such as deciding to be formal or informal

  Elaborations

  • noticing that language can be made casual or ‘softer’ by adding particular endings, such as そうですね。すみません。 ちょっと。
  • observing how language use reflects respect and social distance, such as showing respect for authority figures, for example, しつれいします。よろしく　おねがいします。, or expressing familiarity with friends by using first names rather than surnames
  • noticing differences in interaction styles in some familiar situations in Japanese and Australian contexts, such as interactions in classrooms or shops

  VCJAU160 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU122

  Understand the structure of basic sentences in Japanese and recognise some key elements of Japanese grammar

  Elaborations

  • knowing common forms of greetings, for example, おはようございます、おはよう, and noticing the different levels of formality
  • identifying gender-specific pronouns わたし and ぼく
  • understanding the use of common suffixes such as さん or くん or titles such as せんせい to address and refer to other people, for example, Luke くん and White せんせい
  • understanding basic word order in simple sentences, for example, noun　が　すき です。りんご　が　すき　です。, adjective + noun　です。 おおきい　いぬ　です。
  • understanding how to specify items using the possessive particle の, for example, わたし　 の　 かぞく、 Sarah さん　の　ほん、おばあさん　 の　いえ
  • referring to numbers of things using cardinal numbers 0–100: 一(いち)、二(に)、三(さん) …百(ひゃく)
  • learning to describe the colour あお　です。size おおきい　です。 and shape まる　です。of things
  • understanding different question words such as だれ、なに、どこ and the sentence-ending particle か
  • recognising and responding to a request using verb 　ください, for example, きいて　ください。and すわって　ください。
  • indicating affirmative and negative responses using はい and いいえ
  • using some culturally specific parallel phrases related to giving and receiving, for example, どうぞ and ありがとう
  • learning to use common onomatopoeia such as ぺこぺこ and わんわん
  • building vocabulary to describe and label familiar and immediate objects and environments

  VCJAU122 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Foundation to Level 2 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU198

  Understand that the Japanese language carries embedded cultural information and assumptions that can be difficult for speakers of other languages to interpret

  Elaborations

  • providing examples of exchanges in Japanese that require cultural as well as literal interpretation, such as responses that deflect personal considerations (for example, replying positively to the enquiry お元気(げんき)ですか), or strategies to preserve values of humility and honour
  • discussing how the cultural value of 内(うち)/外(そと) is expressed through language, such as the use of prefixes and suffixes when referring to people outside the immediate ‘group’, the choice of informal or formal register, and decisions about what to share/not share in general conversation
  • exploring cultural concepts embedded in Japanese language which embody important core values and behaviours and for which there is no direct English translation, for example, えんりょ and 和(わ)
  • discussing their own and others’ attitudes towards cultural diversity and difference, including the use of stereotypes and generalisations, and considering how these affect communication
  • considering how contemporary expressions of individuality exemplified in some forms of contemporary Japanese youth culture relate to traditional concepts of conformity and collective identity

  VCJAU198 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCJAU194

  Understand how sophistication in expression can be achieved by the use of a variety of verb and adjective conjugations

  Elaborations

  • further developing metalanguage to describe and increase control of grammatical concepts and language elements and to organise learning resources such as verb charts and lists of vocabulary and sentence structures
  • understanding and applying the rules of the plain form, and knowing that the basic form of all Japanese verbs ends in -u, -eru or -iru, the forms they are listed under in dictionaries
  • understanding that verbs can be divided into three groups according to the way they are conjugated: Group 1 (five-step verbs), Group 2 (one-step verbs) and Group 3 (irregular verbs)
  • using character charts as a systematic framework for recognising patterns for verb conjugation, and applying the formation rules of each verb group
  • using verb て form to connect events, for example, 朝(あさ)おきてジョギングをします。
  • understanding and using the different functions of verb て form
  • using present continuous tense using verb ています, for example, ラジオを聞いています。
  • requesting and giving permission and expressing prohibition using verb て form, for example, ～てもいいです。～てはいけません。～てはだめです。
  • using verb stems with grammatical features such as ～かった。～やすい／にくいです。～に行きます。
  • exploring how to use plain forms in authentic contexts such as conversations with peers, for example, 食べる？　見る？
  • expressing opinions, intentions and thoughts using the plain form, for example:
    • plain verb つもりです。
    • verb /adjective とおもいます。
    • ～たり～たりします。
  • using い and な adjectives in present and past tenses, for example:
    • おいしい ◊ おいしかったです。
    • たのしくない ◊ たのしくなかったです。
    • しずかな ◊ しずかでした。
  • using adverbs and intensifiers such as かなり, ぜんぜん, たいてい
  • sequencing actions, for example, 朝おきてジョギングをします。
  • increasing cohesion within paragraphs by using conjunctions, for example, ですから
  • indicating the status of actions using adverbs such as まだ and もう
  • understanding the concept of uchi-soto (内(うち)と外(そと)) for making appropriate choices of register, for example, 食べる？食べますか？

  VCJAU194 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU142

  Understand that language varies according to the age and relationship of those using it, and according to the situation in which it is being used

  Elaborations

  • observing that Japanese expressions can be made more or less formal with very slight changes, for example, おはよう and おはようございます、はし and おはし、なまえ and おなまえ、to suit the relationship between speakers
  • noticing differences in the ways in which both Japanese and English speakers communicate with different people, for example, with young children, with unfamiliar adults or with elderly people
  • reflecting on how they communicate with their own family and friends and with people less close to them, noticing differences in language use and communicative behaviour
  • recognising that familial terms such as おじいさん and おばあさん are often used in place of ‘old man’ or ‘old woman’ in both folk tales and daily conversation, and considering why this might be so

  VCJAU142 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU179

  Understand that the Japanese language has evolved and developed through different periods of influence and change

  Elaborations

  • recognising words ‘borrowed’ by Japanese from other languages such as English, French or Portuguese, for example, パン、ズボン、and noting how these words are pronounced by Japanese speakers
  • recognising that all languages carry histories of contact with other cultures, such as the adoption of kanji from Chinese into Japanese
  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with one another and in response to new needs, ideas and developments in communications, design and technology; and considering why some types of words and expressions are most frequently borrowed, such as グローバル、パワーアップ、カラー
  • identifying words that have similar meanings and pronunciation across different languages, reflecting on the origins and associated cultures of such words, and how they came to be part of Japanese and other languages, for example, パスタ、エネルギー
  • discussing reasons for changes in the Japanese language, such as globalisation, exposure to other languages and cultures through media, travel, and digital communication forms and representations

  VCJAU179 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU192

  Understand intonation and phrasing patterns in both informal and formal speech, and recognise multiple readings of familiar kanji in different compounds

  Elaborations

  • recognising the basic pattern of intonation in Japanese, taking the form of a downturning curve, and applying it when speaking
  • identifying the use of rising intonation when asking questions in casual speech or ましょう form, for example, 食べない？ 食べましょうか？
  • understanding how to make appropriate pauses in a sentence, that is, dividing up a sentence into cohesive chunks to allow for the use of あいづち
  • understanding that changes occur in kanji readings, for example, 新(あたら)しい、新聞(しんぶん)、聞(き)きます、オーストラリア人(じん)、人(ひと)

  VCJAU192 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCJAU144

  Understand that the ways people use language reflect where and how they live and what is important to them

  Elaborations

  • understanding that language carries information about the people who use it and that common expressions often reflect cultural values, for example, the importance of respect for older people is reflected in terms of address in Japanese
  • exploring additional elements of ‘culture’, such as what is valued in different communities, contexts and environments, or different approaches to teaching and learning in school, understanding formulaic expressions that reflect cultural values, for example, いってきます、 いってらっしゃい、きをつけて
  • noticing how politeness and respect are conveyed in Japanese language and behaviour, such as how body language and gestures can replace language, for example, bowing as an apology or as a request to be excused
  • learning to discuss culture and language by responding to prompt questions such as ‘What do you notice?’ ‘Why do you think that …?’ ‘How is this similar / different …?’
  • identifying terms, expressions and ways of communicating associated with Australian contexts that might need explaining to Japanese children, for example, using first names when addressing adults, colloquial expressions such as ‘no worries’ or ‘footy’, and terms associated with Indigenous cultures, such as ‘the Dreaming’

  VCJAU144 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCJAU175

  Recognise and use all katakana and understand the relationship in texts between hiragana, katakana and kanji

  Elaborations

  • reading and writing all katakana, including voiced, unvoiced, contracted and blended sounds, using the kana chart
  • understanding that many kanji are made up of more than one component and that radicals often represent meaning, for example, the radical 木 means something to do with ‘wood’
  • noticing that kanji can clearly differentiate the meanings of words that are pronounced identically, such as 火 and 日
  • learning to write words and phrases using both kana and kanji, for example, 大きい車(くるま)、小さい木
  • using furigana to support the reading of unfamiliar kanji

  VCJAU175 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language