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• VC2M9M05

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving direct proportion, rates, ratio and scale, including financial contexts; formulate the problems and interpret solutions in terms of the situation; evaluate the model and report methods and findings

  Elaborations

  • modelling situations that involve direct proportion (such as pro rata pay rates, exchange rates, multiple quotes for a job, conversion between scales or other appropriate science contexts); for example, situations that involve Hooke’s law and other science contexts involving wavelengths and frequencies
  • modelling situations that impact on image editing used in social media and how proportion may not be maintained and can result in distorted images
  • modelling situations involving compliance with building and construction standards in design and construction, such as the rise and tread of staircases, and vertical and horizontal components of escalators
  • modelling situations involving the application of rates in practical contexts, for example, density, birth, flow or heartbeats
  • exploring fire techniques in land management practices used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples that use proportion relationships, including the rate of fire spread in different fuel types to wind speed, temperature and relative humidity

  VC2M9M05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Measurement

• VC2M9A06

  use mathematical modelling to solve applied problems involving change, including financial contexts involving simple interest; formulate problems, choosing to use either linear or quadratic functions or other simple variations; interpret solutions in terms of the context; evaluate the model and...

  Elaborations

  • modelling practical contexts using linear functions such as cooking times that include resting or cooling times, or water leakage from water tanks, using tables and graphs or digital tools and algebraically
  • modelling measurement situations and determining the perimeter and areas of rectangles where the length, l, of the rectangle is a linear function of its width, w; for example, l=w,  l=w+5,  l=3w,  l=2w+7
  • modelling practical contexts (for example, area, paths of projectiles, parabolic mirrors, satellite dishes) using simple quadratic functions, tables and graphs (hand drawn or using digital tools) and, algebraically, interpreting features of the graphs such as the turning point and intercepts in context; for example, area, paths of projectiles, parabolic mirrors, satellite dishes
  • modelling and solving problems involving financial contexts using linear functions, for example, combinations of purchases of different items when they have a set amount of money to spend, profit/loss situations and trade quotes involving call-out fees
  • modelling situations involving change, for example, change in daily temperature during the ski season, fluctuation of speed above and below the speed limit, and acceleration and deceleration of a car coming to and moving off from a set of traffic lights
  • modelling the hunting techniques of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples using quadratic functions and exploring the effect of increasing the number of hunters to catch more prey 

  VC2M9A06 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Algebra

• VC2M9SP03

  design, test and refine algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions based on geometric constructions and theorems; discuss and evaluate refinements 

  Elaborations

  • creating an algorithm using pseudocode or flow charts to apply the triangle inequality, or an algorithm to generate Pythagorean triples
  • creating and testing algorithms designed to construct or bisect angles, using pseudocode or flow charts
  • developing an algorithm for an animation of a geometric construction, or a visual proof, evaluating the algorithm using test cases

  VC2M9SP03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Space

• Mathematics Version 2.0: Level 9 description

  In Level 9, learning in Mathematics builds on each student’s prior learning and experiences. Students engage in a range of approaches to the learning and doing of mathematics that develop their understanding of and fluency with concepts, procedures and processes by making connections, reasoning...

  Level description | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0

• VCMNA306

  Apply the distributive law to the expansion of algebraic expressions, including binomials, and collect like terms where appropriate

  Elaborations

  • understanding that the distributive law can be applied to algebraic expressions as well as numbers
  • understanding the relationship between expansion and factorisation and identifying algebraic factors in algebraic expressions

  VCMNA306 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• Mathematics Version 2.0: Level 9 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 9, students recognise and use rational and irrational numbers to solve problems.

  Students extend and apply the exponent laws with positive integers and the zero exponent to variables. They expand binomial products and factorise monic quadratic expressions. They...

  Level description | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9

• VC2M9A02

  simplify algebraic expressions, apply the distributive law to expand algebraic expressions including binomial products, and factorise monic quadratic expressions

  Elaborations

  • expanding combinations of binomials such as x+7x+8, x+7x-8,  x-7x+8,  (x-7)(x-8) to identify expansion and factorisation patterns related to x+ax+b=x2+a+bx+ab, where a and b are integers
  • using manipulatives such as algebra tiles or area models to expand or factorise algebraic expressions with readily identifiable binomial factors; for example, x+1x+3=x2+4x+3, (x-5)2=x2-10x+25 or (x-3)2+4=x2-6x+9+4=x2-6x+13
  • recognising the relationship between expansion and factorisation, and using digital tools to systematically explore the factorisation of x2+mx+n where m and n are integers

  VC2M9A02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Algebra

• VCMMG315

  Investigate very small and very large time scales and intervals

  Elaborations

  • investigating the usefulness of scientific notation in representing very large and very small numbers

  VCMMG315 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement

• VC2M9N01

  recognise that the real number system includes the rational numbers and the irrational numbers, and solve problems involving real numbers with and without using digital tools

  Elaborations

  • investigating the real number system by representing the relationships between irrational numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers and discussing the difference between exact representations and approximate decimal representations of irrational numbers
  • using a real number line to indicate the solution interval for inequalities of the form ax+b <c ,
    for example, 2x+7<0 ; or of the form ax+b>c , for example, 1.2x-5.4>10.8
  • using positive and negative rational numbers to solve problems, for example, for financial planning such as budgeting
  • solving problems involving the substitution of real numbers into formulas, understanding that solutions can be represented in exact form or as a decimal approximation, such as calculating the area of a circle using the formula A=πr2 and specifying the answer in terms of π as an exact real number; for example, the circumference of a circle with diameter 5 units is 5π units, and the exact area is π(52)2=254π square units, which rounds to 19.63 square units, correct to 2 decimal places
  • investigating the position of rational and irrational numbers on the real number line, using geometric constructions to locate rational numbers and square roots on a number line; for example, 2 is located at the intersection of an arc and the number line, where the radius of the arc is the length of the diagonal of a one-unit square

  VC2M9N01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Number

• Mathematics: Level 9 description

  In Level 9, students develop familiarity with a broader range of non-linear and linear functions and relations, and related algebra and graphs.

  Students apply index laws with integer indices to a range of numerical expressions and extend this to algebraic expressions involving numbers and pro-numerals...

  Level description | Mathematics

• VCMNA309

  Find the midpoint and gradient of a line segment (interval) on the Cartesian plane using a range of strategies, including graphing software

  Elaborations

  • investigating graphical and algebraic techniques for finding midpoint and gradient
  • recognising that the gradient of a line is the same as the gradient of any line segment on that line

  VCMNA309 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Linear and non-linear relationships

• VCMNA308

  Find the distance between two points located on a Cartesian plane using a range of strategies, including graphing software

  Elaborations

  • investigating graphical and algebraic techniques for finding distance between two points
  • using Pythagoras' theorem to calculate distance between two points

  VCMNA308 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Linear and non-linear relationships

• VCMSP325

  Construct back-to-back stem-and-leaf plots and histograms and describe data, using terms including ‘skewed’, ‘symmetric’ and ‘bi modal’

  Elaborations

  • using stem-and-leaf plots to compare two like sets of data such as the heights of girls and the heights of boys in a class
  • describing the shape of the distribution of data using terms such as ‘positive skew’, ‘negative skew’ and 'symmetric' and 'bi-modal'

  VCMSP325 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCMNA304

  Solve problems involving simple interest

  Elaborations

  • understanding that financial decisions can be assisted by mathematical calculations

  VCMNA304 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Money and financial mathematics

• VCMNA305

  Extend and apply the index laws to variables, using positive integer indices and the zero index

  Elaborations

  • understanding that index laws apply to variables as well as numbers

  VCMNA305 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VC2M9M02

  solve problems involving very small and very large measurements, timescales and intervals expressed in scientific notation

  Elaborations

  • representing very large and very small real numbers in scientific notation, converting real numbers expressed in scientific notation into decimal form; for example, the approximate geological age of Earth is 4.6 × 10⁹ years, and the mass of a glucose molecule is 2.99 × 10⁻²² grams
  • using knowledge of place value and applying exponent laws to operate with numbers expressed in scientific notation in applied contexts; for example, performing calculations involving extremely small numbers in scientific and other contexts
  • examining the degree of accuracy that different measurement instruments provide in a science laboratory, such as a measuring cylinder compared with a pipette, and recording data values to the correct degree of accuracy using appropriate scientific notation

  VC2M9M02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Measurement

• VC2M9M03

  solve spatial problems, applying angle properties, scale, similarity, ratio, Pythagoras’ theorem and trigonometry in right-angled triangles

  Elaborations

  • investigating the applications of Pythagoras’ theorem in authentic problems, including applying Pythagoras’ theorem and trigonometry to problems in surveying and design
  • applying the formula for calculation of distances between points on the Cartesian plane from their coordinates, emphasising the connection to vertical and horizontal displacements between the points 
  • understanding the relationship between the corresponding sides of similar right-angled triangles and establishing the relationship between areas of similar figures and the ratio of corresponding sides, the scale factor
  • using images of proportional relationships to estimate actual measurements (for example, taking a photograph of a person standing in front of a tree and using the image and scale to estimate the height of the tree), discussing the findings and ways to improve the estimates
  • investigating theorems and conjectures involving triangles, for example, the triangle inequality and generalising links between the Pythagorean rule for right-angled triangles, and related inequalities for acute and obtuse triangles, determining the minimal sets of information for a triangle from which other measures can all be determined
  • using knowledge of similar triangles, Pythagoras’ theorem, rates and algebra to design and construct a Biltmore stick, used to measure the diameter and height of a tree, and calculating the density and dry mass to predict how much paper could be manufactured from the tree

  VC2M9M03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Measurement

• VCMMG319

  Use similarity to investigate the constancy of the sine, cosine and tangent ratios for a given angle in right-angled triangles

  Elaborations

  • developing understanding of the relationship between the corresponding sides of similar right-angled triangles

  VCMMG319 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Pythagoras and trigonometry

• VC2M9ST03

  represent the distribution of multiple data sets for numerical variables using comparative representations such as back-to-back stem-and-leaf plots and histograms; describe data, using terms including ‘skewed’, ‘symmetric’ and ‘bi-modal’; compare data distributions using mean, median and range...

  Elaborations

  • describing the shape of the distribution of data using terms such as ‘positive skew’, ‘negative skew’, ‘symmetric’ and ‘bi-modal’
  • using stem-and-leaf plots to compare 2 like sets of data such as the heights of girls and the heights of boys in a class
  • constructing grouped histograms that show trends in health issues such as lung cancer, leukaemia, stroke and diabetes, and using the graph to justify, verify or invalidate claims
  • exploring comparative data presented in reports by the National Indigenous Australians Agency in regard to ‘Closing the Gap’, discussing the comparative distributions within the context of the data, for example, comparative data presented in the ‘Closing the Gap – Prime Minister’s Report’ 
  • comparing means, medians and ranges of 2 sets of numerical data that have been displayed using histograms, dot plots or stem-and-leaf plots

  VC2M9ST03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 9 | Statistics

• VCMMG312

  Calculate the areas of composite shapes

  Elaborations

  • understanding that partitioning composite shapes into rectangles and triangles is a strategy for solving problems involving area

  VCMMG312 | Mathematics | Level 9 | Measurement and Geometry | Using units of measurement