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• VCDTCD052

  Design algorithms represented diagrammatically and in structured English and validate algorithms and programs through tracing and test cases

  Elaborations

  • designing algorithms to solve real-world problems and describing algorithms using flow charts and structured English, for example START, END, IF and UNTIL
  • recognising that different algorithms can solve a problem with different trade-offs
  • tracing algorithms to predict results and program state for a given input, for example desk checking or using an interactive debugging tool
  • using tracing techniques to test algorithms, for example desk checking an algorithm for a given input by stepping through the algorithm while keeping track of contents of the variables
  • developing test cases that correspond to the requirements of the specifications, for example validating program behaviour on a range of valid and invalid user input

  VCDTCD052 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD003

  Experience steps involved in completing a routine task

  Elaborations

  • watching the presentation of an event in a series of slides or screens accompanied by text and pictures
  • carrying out a simple step-by-step procedure such as cleaning teeth
  • showing how everyday tasks can be broken down through displays and visual schedules

  VCDTCD003 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Level A | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD017

  Follow, describe and represent a sequence of steps and decisions (algorithms) needed to solve simple problems

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with very simple, step-by-step procedures to explore programmable devices, for example providing instructions to physical or virtual objects or robotic devices to move in an intended manner
  • jointly writing and entering a simple set of instructions to sequence events and actions, for example scanning personal photographs and collating and ordering significant personal events or milestones and describing the steps involved in the process
  • presenting a sequence of instructions or events in a series of slides or screens with text and pictures
  • recognising sequences of instructions or events that are commonly experienced such as the sequence of traffic lights, or how their lunch order is taken and delivered
  • following a series of instructions to use a piece of hardware or software, for example taking a photograph, editing and storing it to include in a slow motion

  VCDTCD017 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Foundation to Level 2 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD032

  Design, modify and follow simple algorithms represented diagrammatically and in English, involving sequences of steps, branching, and iteration

  Elaborations

  • following a diagram of a simple method of sorting numbers or words
  • following, modifying and describing the design of a game involving simple algorithms represented diagrammatically or in English, for example creating a flowchart with software that uses symbols to show decisions, processes and inputs and outputs
  • experimenting with different ways of representing an instruction to make a choice, for example branches in a tree diagram or using an ‘IF’ statement to indicate making a choice between two different circumstances using a spreadsheet or a visual program
  • experimenting with different ways of representing an instruction to make a repetition, for example loops in a flowchart diagram or using a ‘REPEAT’ statement
  • designing the instructions for a robot vacuum cleaner to clean a room
  • using different design tools to record ways in which digital solutions will be developed, for example creating storyboards or flowcharts to record relationships or instructions about content or processes

  VCDTCD032 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD031

  Design a user interface for a digital system, generating and considering alternative design ideas

  Elaborations

  • exploring different features of user interfaces that allow people from different cultures to access information irrespective of language background, for example using icons and consistently placing icons or symbols in games interfaces to reduce the frustrations of game players
  • applying the principles and elements of design to a set of requirements in order to produce a user interface for a system that addresses an identified need, for example to emphasise or highlight an area of the screen to draw the viewer’s attention to an event or action
  • designing the user interface of a solution using different design tools, for example using a storyboard to outline the stages of a game or a mock-up to show the placement of icons
  • generating alternative design ideas for a user interface, for example sketching different concepts for a splash screen of a game or interactive multimedia experience or designing different user interfaces for people with visibility loss, taking into account size of icons and responsive font size

  VCDTCD031 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD054

  Evaluate critically how well student-developed solutions and existing information systems and policies take account of future risks and sustainability and provide opportunities for innovation

  Elaborations

  • investigating actions, devices and events that are potential risks to information systems, for example losing portable storage devices containing important files, deliberately infecting systems through malware, and power surges
  • investigating techniques used by people and organisations to shape how information systems are used, for example refusing to use innovations, using social media to advocate behaviours, purchasing devices, withdrawing previous processes that can now only be performed by an information system
  • investigating the impact and opportunities created through the practice of planned obsolescence, for example discussing the benefits and risks to users, the creators and the environment of information systems having a defined life span, taking into account costs, research and resource extraction
  • examining the ICT policy for schooling and evaluating the impact on education
  • reviewing the ‘terms of use’ policies on social media networks and predicting ways in which these can support advocacy of change and protection of individuals and societies
  • reviewing state, national and regional policies and analysing the potential impact of each. Examples of policies include: Australian Government Protective Security Policy Framework, the Australian Government ICT Sustainability Plan 2010–2015; the Green Growth Policy in Korea and the Korean National Strategy for Sustainable Development

  VCDTCD054 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD018

  Explore how people safely use common information systems to meet information, communication and recreation needs

  Elaborations

  • sharing and describing ways that common information systems can be used to meet communication needs, for example computers can be used as phones and social networking tools allowing communication between families living in different regions
  • recognising and discussing the need for cyber-safety when using online information systems, for example recognising that shared personal information can be used for undesirable purposes and that using a password is a means of protecting identity
  • recognising safe ergonomic practices when children are playing with information systems, for example recognising the need to take regular breaks to avoid eye strain and repetitive strain injuries
  • discussing how a range of information systems support personal needs and impact on others, for example text to speech software can be used to meet the communications needs of people with vision loss
  • sharing ideas about the ways information systems are being used by families and friends in everyday life, for example comparing current digital play equipment with play equipment of 20 years ago

  VCDTCD018 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Foundation to Level 2 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD024

  Develop simple solutions as visual programs

  Elaborations

  • designing and developing a simple interactive digital solution using a visual programming language, for example preparing the content and design of a simple guessing game that provides options in English and an Asian language
  • exploring common elements of standard user interfaces that are familiar and appeal to users, for example navigation links on the left and top of web pages to help users interact with the site
  • developing programs that make decisions on the basis of user input or choices such as through selecting a button, pushing a key or moving a mouse to ‘branch’ to a different segment of the solution
  • creating options for users to make choices in solutions, for example a user input and branching mechanism such as buttons in a slideshow to allow users to make choices

  VCDTCD024 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 3 and 4 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD025

  Explain how student-developed solutions and existing information systems meet common personal, school or community needs

  Elaborations

  • investigating how information systems are used in communities and explaining what needs are being met, for example students jointly creating a short survey and collecting data about how many community residents use the online library borrowing system to download e-books and why
  • visiting an online museum, for example accessing an international museum online and being able to zoom in on the textures of historic Asian objects
  • exploring information systems that suit particular home or personal needs, for example using speech recognition software that can help speakers whose language background is not English, or a system to monitor energy or water consumption in the home
  • testing the adequacy of student-developed solutions, for example asking a classmate to review a digital solution and provide feedback

  VCDTCD025 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 3 and 4 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD023

  Define simple problems, and describe and follow a sequence of steps and decisions involving branching and user input (algorithms) needed to solve them

  Elaborations

  • stating the nature of the problem and some of its features, such as what need is associated with the problem, who has the problem and why does the problem exist
  • describing, using drawings, pictures and text, the sequence of steps and decisions in a solution, for example preparing a chart to show the order of events in a game and the decisions that a player must make
  • experimenting with different ways of describing a set of instructions, for example writing two versions of the same simple set of instructions for a programmable robotic device
  • explaining to others how to follow technical instructions, for example demonstrating how to capture and download images from a mobile device
  • defining and describing the sequence of steps needed to incorporate multiple types of data in a solution, for example charting the sequence of steps in selecting and downloading images and sound to create a book trailer

  VCDTCD023 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 3 and 4 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD042

  Design algorithms represented diagrammatically and in English, and trace algorithms to predict output for a given input and to identify errors

  Elaborations

  • investigating and designing some common algorithms, such as to search, sequence, sort, merge and control data structures
  • checking the accuracy of an algorithm before it is implemented, for example desk checking it with test data to see if the instructions produce the expected results
  • using diagrams to describe key decisions, for example creating flowcharts using digital systems to describe a set of computational instructions
  • using structured English to express algorithmic instructions, for example using conventional statements such as ‘while’ and ‘endwhile’ in a ‘while loop’ when describing interactive instruction

  VCDTCD042 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD012

  Follow and represent a sequence of steps and decisions (algorithms) needed to solve simple problems

  Elaborations

  • taking and using photos to represent the sequence of events, for example placing in order photos of buildings/rooms that need to be passed when getting from the classroom to the front school gate
  • viewing a game and listing the number of levels within it
  • writing a simple set of instructions to sequence events, for example the processes involved in making toast with jam
  • recognising sequences of instructions or events that are commonly experienced such as crossing a road that has traffic lights

  VCDTCD012 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Level D | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD044

  Evaluate how well student-developed solutions and existing information systems meet needs, are innovative and take account of future risks and sustainability

  Elaborations

  • comparing student-developed solutions with existing solutions that solve similar problems, for example identifying differences in the user interface of two adventure games and explaining how these differences affect the usability or appeal of the game
  • judging the quality of a student-developed solution based on specific criteria such as meeting an economic need or contributing to social sustainability
  • investigating what features of touch input rather than keyboard or mouse input contribute to their success in meeting a wide range of needs, for example mimicking a common movement such as expanding or contracting a hand to change the size of an object on screen, suits users with a range of dexterity
  • evaluating the success of information systems in meeting an economic, environmental or social objective, for example interviewing a local business owner to find out how effectively their information system supports a business objective such as increasing market share
  • considering the effects of e-waste on societies and environments, for example the impacts of toxic chemicals when hardware is disposed of, and the practice of dumping unwanted digital systems overseas, particularly in the Asia region
  • comparing cloud-based information systems to client-based information systems on the basis of security of transmitted and stored data and energy costs

  VCDTCD044 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD053

  Develop modular programs, applying selected algorithms and data structures including using an object-oriented programming language

  Elaborations

  • coding separate modules that perform discrete functions but collectively meet the needs of the solution
  • defining classes that represent the attributes and behaviour of objects in the real world or in a game
  • considering different algorithms and selecting the most appropriate based on the type of problem, for example branching algorithms suit optimisation problems and simple recursive algorithms solve the base cases directly
  • selecting different types of data structures such as an array, record and object to model structured data

  VCDTCD053 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD051

  Design the user experience of a digital system, evaluating alternative designs against criteria including functionality, accessibility, usability and aesthetics

  Elaborations

  • designing the user interface of a solution using story boards and mock-ups, for example mocking up the product design of an app for people with disability
  • identifying similar digital systems and existing user interfaces, assessing whether their elements can be reused
  • evaluating aspects of the total user experience, that is, all aspects of the system as perceived by the users, for example, a user’s initial experience of setting up and using a system, or a user’s emotional or cultural response to using a digital system
  • designing documentation, branding and marketing for a digital solution, for example a product demonstration screencast or ‘getting started’ user guide
  • applying the principles and elements of design to a client’s requirements and evaluating the success of a solution through an iterative feedback process, for example using customer feedback to refine a user interface to provide access to important features more effectively

  VCDTCD051 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTDI046

  Analyse simple compression of data and how content data are separated from presentation

  Elaborations

  • explaining how simple compression schemes reduce the size of repetitive data, for example how run length encoding reduces the size of images
  • explaining the difference between lossy and lossless compression, for example the difference between JPEG and PNG images
  • explaining codecs for audio-visual compression, for example common codecs for video formats
  • generating a layout or report in a database or applying a style sheet to a web page

  VCDTDI046 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI021

  Collect, access and present different types of data using simple software to create information and solve problems

  Elaborations

  • selecting appropriate formats or layout styles to present data as information depending on the type of data and the audience, for example graphs suit data that shows trends or comparisons; lists suit text data that needs to be presented in alphabetical order; animations suit images that show actions and relationships
  • using different techniques to present data as information, for example creating a column chart in a spreadsheet by colouring cells to represent different items
  • improving the appearance and usability of data, for example using colour, headings and labelling of images to organise and accurately identify data
  • using software to sort and calculate data when solving problems, for example sorting numerical data in ascending or descending order and automating simple arithmetic calculations using nearby cells and summing cell ranges in spreadsheet or database software
  • exploring different online sources to access data, for example using online query interfaces to select and retrieve data from an online database such as a library catalogue or weather records
  • recognising that all types of data are stored in digital systems and may be represented in different ways such as files and folders with names and icons

  VCDTDI021 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 3 and 4 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI037

  Acquire data from a range of sources and evaluate their authenticity, accuracy and timeliness

  Elaborations

  • designing a search engine query to find specific information on the web and checking its accuracy against information contained in other sources, for example entering instructions such as intitle: and inurl: prefixes to find information within a general directory, and comparing the results with information found in a wiki
  • acquiring data from a range of sources, for example people, websites, books, mobile phones, radiofrequency identification (RFID) and data repositories such as the Australian Bureau of Statistics datasets, and compiling these data into a digital format
  • checking authenticity of data, for example ensuring the source or author is a reliable individual or organisation
  • using techniques to locate data that are timely, for example using a filtering function to specify the timeframe, such as years, for the required data

  VCDTDI037 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 7 and 8 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI016

  Independently and with others create and organise ideas and information using information systems, and share these with known people in safe online environments

  Elaborations

  • using different types of data such as images, sound and text to create information for sharing online, for example creating a multimedia class profile that includes a photo of each student, a personal audio recording and a written message
  • planning and creating text, drawings and sound files to share online, for example jointly creating a photo story to illustrate a fable or fairy-tale from the Asia region or a local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community story
  • making ethical decisions when using images for public viewing and using the work of others, for example asking the question ‘What is fair and just?’ to compare images of events or activities and decide whether or not to publish
  • participating in safe online environments, for example sharing ideas and information through intranets, messaging only to people they know, bookmarked websites and moderated online spaces

  VCDTDI016 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Foundation to Level 2 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI029

  Plan, create and communicate ideas, information and online collaborative projects, applying agreed ethical, social and technical protocols

  Elaborations

  • applying practices that support the organisation of collaborative problem-solving, for example finding online meeting times that suit all members, and agreeing on ways of protecting files and sharing information digitally with members
  • applying safe practices while participating in online environments, for example checking the default privacy settings to ensure maximum protection of personal details, being aware of online filtering techniques and policies used at school and at home
  • considering ways of managing the use of social media to maintain privacy needs, for example activating privacy settings to avoid divulging personal data such as photographs, addresses and names
  • developing a set of ‘rules’ about appropriate conduct, language and content when communicating online, and using these rules as a basis for resolving ethical dilemmas
  • using digital systems to create web-based information taking into consideration referencing conventions, for example creating a blog, website or online learning space for sharing ideas
  • using a range of communication tools to share ideas and information, for example participating in collaborative online environments

  VCDTDI029 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Data and Information