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• VCGGK069

  Reasons why some places are special and some places are important to people and how they can be looked after

  Elaborations

  • identifying and describing places they consider to be ‘special’. For example, their room, a play area, holiday location or an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander place of family significance, and explaining why the place is special to them
  • discussing different ways people care for their ‘special places’
  • discussing how places provide people with their basic needs, for example, water, food and shelter
  • proposing possible actions that could be taken by the student to improve an important place such as the school grounds or local park
  • discussing with their teacher, other students and members of their family what they know and have learned about different places, why they need to be looked after, and how this could be achieved

  VCGGK069 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGK063

  Representation of the location of places and their features on maps and models, including a globe, and the location of the major geographical divisions of the world in relation to Australia

  Elaborations

  • creating story-maps or models to represent the location of the places and features in their local area, or class stories, poems or rhymes
  • identifying the ways Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples represent the location of Country/Place and their features. For example, by inscriptions on stone, stories, sand, bark and cave paintings, song, music and dance
  • describing how the globe is a representation of the world and locating Australia and other places on a globe
  • using geographical tools, such as a globe and world map, or electronic atlases, to locate the continents, oceans, equator, North and South Poles, tropics and hemispheres and then labelling an outline map
  • describing the location of continents and oceans relative to Australia using terms such as north, south, near, far

  VCGGK063 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCGGK119

  Human causes of landscape degradation, the effects on landscape quality and the implications for places

  Elaborations

  • analysing the effects of erosion and sedimentation produced by human activities on landscape quality, including farming and recreation
  • examining the effects of mining and quarrying, and urban development, on landscape quality and how this affects places
  • describing the effects of river regulation, including dams, locks, channel straightening and drains, on riverine and wetland landscape quality
  • investigating the effects on coastal landscape quality of the built elements of places. For example, urban development, marinas and sea walls
  • investigating the ways introduced plants or animals or activities such as mining affect landscape quality and examining the effects on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities

  VCGGK119 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• VCHHC054

  Identify the content features of primary sources when describing the significance of people, places or events

  Elaborations

  • how the stories of families and the past can be communicated, for example through photographs, artefacts, books, oral histories, digital media, and museums
  • engaging with the oral traditions, painting and music of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and recognising that the past is communicated through stories passed down from generation to generation
  • sharing the story of an object from home, describing its importance to the family, for example, photographs, old toys, statues, medals, artwork, jewellery and creating a class museum
  • recognising that stories of the past may differ depending on who is telling them, for example, listening to stories about the same event related by two different people such as a mother and a grandmother

  VCHHC054 | The Humanities | History | Foundation to Level 2 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCHHK076

  Significance of days and weeks celebrated or commemorated in Australia and the importance of symbols and emblems, including Australia Day, ANZAC Day, Harmony Week, National Reconciliation Week, NAIDOC week and National Sorry Day

  Elaborations

  • identifying and discussing the historical origins of an significant Australian celebration or commemoration
  • generating a list of local, state and national symbols and emblems, for example club emblems, school logos, flags, floral emblems, coat of arms, and discussing their origins and significance
  • examining the symbolism of flags such as the Australian, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags, and recognising special occasions when they are flown, for example, all three flags are flown during NAIDOC week, National Reconciliation Week, National Sorry Day and MABO day
  • recognising the significance of other days or weeks including the Anniversary of the National Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples (2008)

  VCHHK076 | The Humanities | History | Levels 3 and 4 | Historical Knowledge | Community, remembrance and celebrations

• VCGGC130

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information, using ethical protocols, from reliable and useful primary and secondary sources

  Elaborations

  • gathering relevant data about challenges to food production or the effects of people’s travel, recreational, cultural or leisure choices on places from a range of primary sources such as from observation and annotated field sketches, conducting surveys and interviews and experiments, or taking photographs
  • collecting geographical information from secondary sources. For example, topographic, thematic, choropleth, and weather maps, climate graphs, compound column graphs and population pyramids, scatter plots, tables, satellite images and aerial photographs, reports, census data and the media
  • collecting quantitative and qualitative data using ethical research methods, including the use of protocols for consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
  • evaluating the reliability and usefulness of data and information by considering how and when it was collected, by whom and for what purpose, and comparing this to the purpose of the research

  VCGGC130 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGC073

  Identify and explain the interconnections within places and between places

  Elaborations

  • identifying the main types of natural vegetation, including forest, savannah, grassland, woodland and desert, and explaining the relationship between climate and natural vegetation
  • describing how natural processes can break down and recycle some wastes safely. For example, through composting or purifying water as it moves through the environment
  • exploring how vegetation produces the oxygen all land animals (including people) breathe, protects land from erosion by water or wind, retains rainfall, provides habitat for animals, shelters crops and livestock, provides shade for people, cools urban places, produces medicines, wood and fibre, and can make places appear more attractive
  • investigating and comparing what it would be like to live in a place with a climate different to their own place
  • recognising that the distribution of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples before colonisation was concentrated in more productive areas such as in the coastal and riverine areas of Australia

  VCGGC073 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGC102

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from useful primary and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • gathering from a range of primary and digital sources, for example, from GIS layers, observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs, relevant data about the impacts of and responses to a hydrological hazard, or the factors influencing decisions people make about where to live
  • collecting geographical information from secondary sources, such as digital sources, thematic maps, weather maps, climate graphs, compound column graphs and population pyramids, reports, census data and the media
  • applying ethical research methods, including the use of protocols for consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
  • considering the usefulness of primary and secondary data by finding out when it was collected and for what purpose, and comparing this to the purpose of research
  • gathering relevant data about the ways to protect significant landscapes from a range of primary and digital sources, such as from observation, annotated field sketches, surveys and interviews, or photographs

  VCGGC102 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCGGK093

  Differences in the demographic, economic, social and cultural characteristics of countries across the world

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of indigenous peoples who live in different regions in the world and appreciating their similarities and differences. For example, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia, Maori of Aotearoa New Zealand, the First Nations of North America and the Orang Asli of Malaysia and Indonesia
  • investigating the relationship between per capita income, health (as measured by life expectancy) and energy consumption in a selection of countries around the world, including at least one country from the Asia region
  • comparing people’s lives in places with different levels of income
  • investigating the similarities and differences in languages, religions and spiritual traditions between Australia and selected countries of the Asia region and other parts of the world
  • researching the proportions of the Australian population and of the population from their local area who were born in each world cultural region, using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and then comparing aspects of selected cultures

  VCGGK093 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK068

  Natural, managed and constructed features of places, their location and how they change

  Elaborations

  • identifying the places they live in and belong to and places they are familiar with, for example, a neighbourhood, suburb, town or rural locality and describing their features
  • recounting Aboriginal Dreaming stories and/or Legends of the Torres Strait that identify the natural features of a place
  • using observations to identify and describe natural features (for example, hills, rivers, native vegetation), managed features (for example, farms, parks, gardens, plantation forests) and constructed features (for example, roads, buildings) of the local place, and locating them on a map
  • using observations and/or photographs to identify changes in natural, managed and constructed features in their place. For example, recent erosion, revegetated areas, planted crops or new buildings
  • identifying constructed features such as eel traps and exploring activities in local rivers and lakes

  VCGGK068 | The Humanities | Geography | Foundation to Level 2 | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• VCHHK065

  The effect of changing technology on people’s lives and their perspectives on the significance of that change

  Elaborations

  • examining changes in technology over several generations by comparing past and present objects and photographs, and discussing how these changes have shaped people’s lives, for example, changes to land, air and sea transport, the move from wood-fired stoves to gas/electrical appliances, the introduction of television, transistors, FM radio and digital technologies
  • identifying where the technology used in their grandparents’ childhoods was made compared with the technology they use today
  • examining the traditional toys used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children to play and learn, for example, Arrernte children learn to play string games so they can remember stories they have been told
  • creating models of toys used by children who lived when electricity was not available

  VCHHK065 | The Humanities | History | Foundation to Level 2 | Historical Knowledge | Community histories

• VCHHK060

  How the present, past and future are signified by terms indicating and describing time

  Elaborations

  • discussing what happened yesterday, what is likely to happen tomorrow, upcoming birthdays, celebrations and seasons, and ordering these references to time in sequence using terms such as ‘before’, ‘after’, ‘next’ and ‘then’
  • discussing how some cultures, for example the Chinese, describe a child as being one year old on the day they are born
  • identifying dates and changes that have personal significance, for example, birthdays, moving house, changing schools, religious and school holidays, marking these on a calendar and counting down time, as well as noting that events of personal significance may differ according to children’s cultural backgrounds
  • examining Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander seasonal calendars, for example, the Gagadju (Kakadu) and the D'harawal (Sydney) calendars, each with six seasons, the Arrernte (central Australia) with five, the Woiwurrung (Upper Yarra Valley) with seven, and north-east Tasmania with three

  VCHHK060 | The Humanities | History | Foundation to Level 2 | Historical Knowledge | Personal histories

• VCHHK137

  Different experiences and perspectives of non-Europeans and their perspectives on changes to society, significant events, ideas, beliefs and values

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • investigating sources that record the reactions of new arrivals to other countries in this period, for example, responses to the natural environment and climate
    • investigating the experiences of a specific group of arrivals to Australia, for example, convicts in Sydney, Hobart, Brisbane or free settlers in Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth or Darwin
    • describing the impact of this group on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of the region
    • investigating the differing views of pastoralists and gold miners and how they influenced Victoria
    • examining the experiences of non-Europeans in Australia prior to the 1900s, such as the Japanese, Chinese, South Sea Islanders, Afghans
    • outlining the migration of Chinese to the goldfields in Australia in the nineteenth century and attitudes towards the Chinese as revealed in cartoons, for example, the Mongolian Octopus
  • Asia
    • analysing Commissioner Lin Zexu’s letter to Queen Victoria before the outbreak of the First Opium War 1839-42
    • analysing the ideas that influenced the perspectives of the Society of Righteous Harmonious Fists, Yi He Tuan (The Boxers)
    • comparing and contrast different perspectives about the effect of European colonisation of India or China or Indochina
    • analysing different perspectives of the Russo-Japanese War 1904-05

  VCHHK137 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia