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• VCHHC098

  Describe and explain the broad patterns of change over the period from the Ancient to the Modern World

  Elaborations

  • using the evidence for the emergence and establishment of ancient societies, including art, iconography, writing tools and pottery
  • describing key features of ancient societies, for example, farming, trade, social classes, religion, rule of law
  • explaining the transformation of the Roman world and the spread of Christianity and Islam
  • explaining key features of the medieval world, for example, feudalism, trade routes, voyages of discovery, contact and conflict
  • locating the major trading routes, including the Mediterranean; the Silk Road; the sea route between China, India and the east coast of Africa, and the Columbian Exchange, on a map and identifying the nature of the trade/contact, for example, slaves, spices, silk, glassware, spread of knowledge and diseases along the Silk Road
  • explaining the emergence of ideas about the world and the place of people in it by the end of the period, for example, the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

  VCHHC098 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Chronology

• VCHHK118

  Perspectives of subject peoples and their interactions with power and/or authority of others

  Elaborations

  • Vikings
    • comparing different perspectives of monks, changes in the way of life of the English, and the Norman invasion
    • explaining the attacks on monasteries, for example Lindisfarne (793 CE) and Iona (795 CE) and reviewing the written accounts by monks that contributed to the Vikings' reputation for pillage and violence
    • explaining the survival of a heroic Iron Age society in Early Medieval Ireland, as described in the vernacular epics, and its transformation by the spread of Christianity; the influence of the Vikings; the Anglo-Norman conquest
    • investigating the remains of Viking settlements, for example, Dublin (Ireland) and Jorvik (York)
  • Medieval Europe
    • investigating different types of crime and punishment, for example, trial by combat as a privilege granted to the nobility; being hanged, drawn and quartered as a punishment for heinous crimes such as treason, and the use of the ducking stool as a punishment for women
    • explaining the ways in which the nature of crime and punishment stayed the same or changed over time
  • Ottoman Empire
    • discussing why the Ottoman Empire practiced religious tolerance
    • outlining the millet system that regarded non-Muslim people as subjects, but as not being subject to Muslim law
    • explaining the tolerance of the Ottomans towards Christians and Jews
  • Angkor/Khmer Empire
    • evaluating the perspectives of Angkor trough stone carvings and the writings of the Chinese Ambassador Zhou Daguan, for example, in relation to fishing, trading in markets, temple construction
  • Mongol Expansion
    • describing the way of life in Mongolia and its incorporation into Chinese life. For example agriculture (domestication of animals such as horses, camels and cattle); food (dried meat and yoghurt); and housing (yurts)
    • explaining the role of the Mongols in forging connections between Europe and Asia through conquest, settlement and trade, for example, the use of paper money and coinage; the growing number of European merchants travelling to China
  • Japan under the Shoguns
    • examining extracts from Sei Shonagon’s <i>The Pillow Book</i> and extract points/quotes that explain what life was like for women
  • Polynesian Expansion
    • examining artefacts such as Lapita pottery from Vanuatu or tapa cloth or ship building techniques to give insights into those societies
  • Renaissance Italy
    • using primary sources to analyse the relationships between rulers and ruled in one Italian city-state such as Florence, Venice or Naples
  • Spanish Conquest
    • using sources examine the nature of the interaction between the Spanish and the indigenous populations, with a particular focus on either the Aztecs or Incas
    • describing encounters between Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs, as well as the siege of Tenochtitlan

  VCHHK118 | The Humanities | History | Levels 7 and 8 | Historical Knowledge | Middle Ages and early exploration

• VCEBR022

  Explain the links between economic performance and living standards, including the variations that exist within and between economies, and give reasons for the possible causes of variations

  Elaborations

  • comparing Australia’s resource base with another economy and exploring how this may influence trading relationships, for example, why does a particular economy manufacture electronic goods, while another focuses on mining?
  • locating a range of products in the local shopping centre that were produced overseas, and proposing reasons why they were not produced in Australia
  • mapping the global supply chain for a product to identify the participants in the chain
  • defining ‘living standards’, discussing why it is considered the ultimate goal for economic activity and explaining its relationship to economic performance
  • investigating economic performance and living standards and discussing how they can mean different things to different people and countries
  • investigating the ways living standards can be measured, for example, gross domestic product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI) or total quality of life index
  • identifying policy options designed to improve living standards, such as education, training and workforce development, taxation, migration, government spending on health and infrastructure, environmental policies

  VCEBR022 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCEBR012

  Identify why and how markets may be influenced by government

  Elaborations

  • identifying different types of markets that operate in Australia such as retail markets, labour markets, financial markets, stock markets
  • identifying examples of government involvement in the market where some types of goods and services are not provided sufficiently, for example, healthcare and social security

  VCEBR012 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 7 and 8 | Resource Allocation and Making Choices

• VCGGK097

  Factors that influence people’s awareness and opinion of places

  Elaborations

  • identifying factors that influence people’s awareness and opinions of places, for example, the media, significant known events, proximity to places and personal relationships with places
  • suggesting a course of action on a global issue that is significant to them and describing how different groups could respond

  VCGGK097 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK094

  Influence of people, including the influence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, on the environmental characteristics of Australian places

  Elaborations

  • identifying how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities altered the environment through their methods of land and resource management
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining

  VCGGK094 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCCCG001

  Identify features of government and law and describe key democratic values

  Elaborations

  • listing the key features of government
  • creating a concept map of democratic values using examples

  VCCCG001 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4 | Government and Democracy

• VCHHC084

  Describe perspectives and identify ideas, beliefs and values of people and groups in the past

  Elaborations

  • conducting an interview to learn about the experiences of community or family members who migrated to Australia and understanding that different questions elicit different kinds of answers, for example, the difference between a closed and open question such as ‘Did you like Australia when you first arrived?’ compared with ‘How did you feel about Australia when you first arrived?’
  • using sources to develop narratives, for example, reasons for the establishment of colonies, effects of key developments and events on colonies, the impact of significant groups or individuals on development
  • retrieving census data to construct arguments for and against migration

  VCHHC084 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCGGK050

  How places can be defined at a variety of scales

  Elaborations

  • considering how street addresses define places locally, regionally and nationally
  • using large-scale and small-scale maps while investigating places and how they are defined

  VCGGK050 | The Humanities | Geography | Level D | Geographical Knowledge | Places and our connections to them

• Economics and Business: Levels 7 and 8 description

  In Levels 7 and 8, students consider what it means to be a consumer, a worker and a producer in the market and the relationships between, and interdependence of, these groups. The ways markets work within Australia to set prices, the participants in the market system and the ways these participants...

  Level description | The Humanities | Economics and Business

• VCCCL034

  Discuss the key principles of Australia’s justice system, including equality before the law, independent judiciary, and right of appeal

  Elaborations

  • identifying the key principles and explaining what is meant by each principle and discussing how each works to protect citizens and contribute to a fair society
  • identifying and explaining factors that can undermine the application of the principles of justice, for example bribery, coercion of witnesses, trial by media, and court delays

  VCCCL034 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Laws and Citizens

• VCHHK154

  Significance of the following events in changing society: 1962 right to vote federally, 1967 Referendum, Reconciliation, Mabo decision, Bringing Them Home Report (the Stolen Generations), the Apology and the different perspectives of these events

  Elaborations

  • describing the aims, tactics and outcomes of a particular event in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ struggle for rights and freedoms

  VCHHK154 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Rights and freedoms (1945 – the present)

• VCGGC087

  Describe and explain interconnections within places and between places, and the effects of these interconnections

  Elaborations

  • researching connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region, for example, in terms of trade, migration, tourism, aid, education, defence or cultural influences; and explaining the effects of at least one of these connections on their own place and another place in Australia
  • explaining the impacts of fire on Australian vegetation and the significance of fire damage to human communities
  • comparing how people have responded to climatic conditions in similar and different places and factors that may have influenced this such as culture and technology
  • exploring the extent of change in the local environment over time, through for example, vegetation clearance, fencing, urban development, drainage, irrigation, farming, forest plantations or mining
  • researching the changes made by people to a particular environment in one region in Europe or North America and comparing findings with other regions researched by students

  VCGGC087 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCCCG030

  Analyse how citizens’ political choices are shaped, including the influence of the media

  Elaborations

  • analysing a range of strategies used to persuade citizens’ electoral choices such as public debate, media, opinion polls, advertising, interest groups and political party campaigns
  • discussing how social media is used to influence people’s understanding of issues

  VCCCG030 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 9 and 10 | Government and Democracy

• VCGGK134

  Environmental, economic and technological factors that influence crop yields in Australia and across the world

  Elaborations

  • investigating the environmental constraints on agricultural production in Australia, such as soil moisture, water resources and soils, and the extent to which agricultural innovations have overcome them
  • investigating how high crop yields around the world (for example from wheat, rice and maize) are related to factors such as irrigation, accessibility, labour supply, landforms and agricultural technologies, such as high yielding varieties
  • using the concept of soil moisture budget to examine the spatial and seasonal quantity of soil moisture available for agriculture in different places in Australia

  VCGGK134 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• VCGGK139

  Perceptions people have of place, and how this influences their connections to different places

  Elaborations

  • comparing people's perception and use of places and spaces in their local area, such as different age groups
  • investigating how people in places in other countries perceive, use and are connected to their place and space

  VCGGK139 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of interconnection

• VCGGK096

  Environmental and human influences on the location and characteristics of places and the management of spaces within them

  Elaborations

  • comparing how people have responded to climatic conditions in similar and different places and factors that may have influenced this such as culture and technology
  • investigating the influence of landforms on the development of settlements that are involved in food and fibre production. For example, river valleys such as the Murray-Darling, Yellow (Huang He), Yangtze, Amazon, Mekong or Ganges
  • explaining why most Australians live close to the coast rather than in inland Australia
  • examining how the use of the space within their local place is organised through zoning
  • investigating a current local planning issue, such as the redevelopment of a site, preservation of open space or subdivision of farming land, exploring why people have different views on the issue, and developing a class response to it

  VCGGK096 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Knowledge | Factors that shape places and influence interconnections

• VCGGK112

  Influence of accessibility to services and facilities; and environmental quality, on the liveability of places

  Elaborations

  • comparing accessibility to and availability of a range of services and facilities between different types of settlements (urban, rural and remote) in Australia and other countries. For example, shops, access to clean water, sanitation, education and health services
  • examining the role transport plays in people’s ability to access services and participate in activities in the local area
  • explaining the importance of water quality to the liveability of places
  • investigating the concept of environmental quality and surveying the environmental quality of their local area and its effect on liveability
  • exploring the geomorphology of the land and how this affects the liveability of a place

  VCGGK112 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Place and liveability

• VCHHK153

  Effects of the US civil rights movement and its influence on Australia

  Elaborations

  • outlining the Freedom Rides in the US, how they inspired civil rights campaigners in Australia, and how they became a turning point in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ struggle for rights and freedoms

  VCHHK153 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Rights and freedoms (1945 – the present)

• VCGGK138

  Challenges in feeding the current and projected populations of Australia and the world, and responses to these challenges

  Elaborations

  • examining the effects of anticipated future population growth on global food production and security, and its implications for agriculture and agricultural innovation
  • researching the potential of agricultural production in northern Australia
  • identifying how poverty, food wastage, government policies and trade barriers could affect future food security
  • applying an understanding of the functioning of natural and agricultural ecosystems to investigate ways of making Australian agriculture more sustainable
  • examining a contemporary geographical issue related to food production and security and debating alternative responses that consider environmental, economic and social factors

  VCGGK138 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security