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• VCGGK107

  The quantity and variability of Australia’s water resources compared with those in other continents and how water balance can be used to explain these differences

  Elaborations

  • investigating the main causes of rainfall and applying their geographical knowledge to explain the seasonal rainfall patterns in their own place and in a place with either significantly higher or lower rainfall
  • interpreting the spatial distribution of rainfall in Australia and comparing it with that of other continents
  • using the concept of the water balance (the relationship between rainfall, evaporation and runoff) to explain the differences between Australia and other continents in water resources

  VCGGK107 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Water in the world

• History: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students explain how and why life changed in the past, and identify aspects of the past that remained the same. They describe the experiences and perspectives of an individual or group over time. They recognise the significance of events in bringing about change.

  Students...

  Level description | The Humanities | History | Levels 3 and 4

• VCHHK154

  Significance of the following events in changing society: 1962 right to vote federally, 1967 Referendum, Reconciliation, Mabo decision, Bringing Them Home Report (the Stolen Generations), the Apology and the different perspectives of these events

  Elaborations

  • describing the aims, tactics and outcomes of a particular event in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ struggle for rights and freedoms

  VCHHK154 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Rights and freedoms (1945 – the present)

• VCGGK108

  Nature of water scarcity and the role of humans in creating and overcoming it, including studies drawn from Australia and West Asia and/or North Africa

  Elaborations

  • investigating the causes of water scarcity. For example, an absolute shortage of water (physical), inadequate development of water resources (economics), or the way water is used
  • comparing the effectiveness in reducing water scarcity of methods that increase the supply of water (such as recycling waste water, stormwater harvesting and re-use, desalination and inter-regional transfer of water) with methods that reduce the demand for water (such as pricing, changing the use of water and water restrictions)
  • examining why water is a difficult resource to manage. For example, difficulties in accounting for its economic value, its competing uses and variability of supply over time and space
  • explaining why some land use management practices such as land cleaning and some farming practices have adversely affected water supply

  VCGGK108 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Water in the world

• VCGGK118

  The differences in at least one landform in Australia compared to other places and the geomorphic processes involved

  Elaborations

  • undertaking fieldwork at a site such as the 12 Apostles and using secondary sources to compare wave action and weathering with a similar landform, such as Raukar - Limestone Sea Stacks of Gotland in Sweden
  • comparing weathering processes acting on rock masses in one location with another in Australia or elsewhere, considering differences in climate, rock type, rock structure and erosion

  VCGGK118 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Landforms and landscapes

• Geography: Level C achievement standards

  By the end of Level C, students label personally significant places and what they do in the place. Students demonstrate a few ways they can care for a familiar place by creating a simple rule for this place.

  Students observe the familiar features of places and assist to represent these features...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography | Level C

• History: Foundation to Level 2 description

  Personal and Community Histories

  In Foundation to Level 2, students study personal, family and local history. Students learn about their own history and that of their family, including stories from different cultures and other parts of the world. As participants in their own history, students develop...

  Level description | The Humanities | History

• VCCCC027

  Examine how national identity can shape a sense of belonging and examine different perspectives about Australia’s national identity, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' perspectives

  Elaborations

  • investigating representations of Australian identity evident in national day events (such as Anzac Day), and in the media and popular culture, to analyse different perspectives on the interpretation of national identity
  • explaining contemporary influences on the shaping of Australian national identity, such as the natural environment, immigration, attitudes to Asia and Reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and other Australians
  • using personal stories to explore how individuals relate to national identity and how it impacts on their sense of belonging in the Australian community
  • investigating the extent of ethnic diversity in Australia

  VCCCC027 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Citizenship, Diversity and Identity

• VCCCG020

  Explain how citizens can participate in Australia's democracy, including the use of the electoral system, contact with their elected representatives, use of lobby groups, interest groups and direct action

  Elaborations

  • comparing the effectiveness of different forms of participation in Australia's democracy
  • investigating how elected representatives can advocate on behalf of citizens
  • analysing how opinion polls are conducted and the ways they are used in democratic debate
  • explaining how to enrol to vote in Australia and the role of the Australian Electoral Commission in the electoral process

  VCCCG020 | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 7 and 8 | Government and Democracy

• VCGGK082

  Types of natural vegetation and the significance of vegetation to the environment, the importance of environments to animals and people, and different views on how they can be protected; the use and management of natural resources and waste, and different views on how to do this sustainably

  Elaborations

  • exploring how vegetation produces the oxygen all land animals (including people) breathe, protects land from erosion by water or wind, retains rainfall, provides habitat for animals, shelters crops and livestock, provides shade for people, cools urban places, produces medicines, wood and fibre, and can make places appear more attractive
  • explaining how people’s connections with their environment can also be aesthetic, emotional and spiritual
  • describing how natural processes can break down and recycle some wastes safely. For example, through composting or purifying water as it moves through the environment
  • investigating where a particular renewable natural resource comes from and how it is used, what sustainable use of this resource might mean and comparing a strategy to reduce the use of the resource (for example, recycling paper) with a strategy to increase the output of this resource (for example, planting more trees)
  • visiting a national park and discussing different views on development in the park

  VCGGK082 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCGGC132

  Analyse and evaluate data, maps and other geographical information using digital and spatial technologies and Geographical Information Systems as appropriate, to develop identifications, descriptions, explanations and conclusions that use geographical terminology

  Elaborations

  • constructing a graph to show the relationship between growth in world population and world food production
  • comparing maps showing transport networks with survey responses on personal mobility
  • analysing environmental change, such as the clearance of vegetation or a plan for a vegetation corridor, using topographic maps and satellite images
  • identifying the relevant layers of a Geographical Information System and using them to investigate how they can portray and analyse demographic, economic and environmental data, and investigating the use of GIS by organisations.
  • testing conclusions by considering alternative points of view about an area of investigation and providing a response using as organisers at least two of the concepts of place, space, environment, interconnection, sustainability, scale and change

  VCGGC132 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• History: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students identify and describe change and continuity and explain the causes and effects of change on society. They compare the different experiences and perspectives of people in the past. They explain the significance of an individual and group.

  Students sequence events...

  Level description | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 5 and 6 description

  The Level 5 and 6 curriculum introduces students to the key values of Australia’s liberal democratic system of government and the key institutions of Australia’s democratic government, including state/territory and federal parliaments, and the court system. Students learn about representative...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship

• Geography: Level D description

  The Level D curriculum focuses on the features of places where students live focusing on developing student’s awareness, understanding and purpose of a place. Students are encouraged to be curious about a place and explore its local area. They use their senses to explore the tangible characteristics...

  Level description | The Humanities | Geography

• History: Foundation to Level 2 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 2, students explain aspects of daily life to identify how some aspects have changed over time, while others have remained the same. They describe personal and family life, a person, a site, or an event of significance in the local community.

  Students use sources (physical, visual...

  Level description | The Humanities | History | Foundation to Level 2

• VCGGK081

  Main climates of the world and the similarities and differences between the climates of different places

  Elaborations

  • discussing how weather contributes to a climate type and identifying the difference between climate and weather
  • identifying and locating the broad climatic zones of the world: hot, temperate and polar
  • identifying and locating examples of the main climatic types in Australia and the world, for example, equatorial, tropical, arid, semi-arid, temperate and Mediterranean
  • investigating and comparing what it would be like to live in a place with a climate different to their own place

  VCGGK081 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCEBB024

  Explore the nature of innovation and discuss how businesses seek to create and maintain a competitive advantage in the market, including the global market

  Elaborations

  • identifying a variety of innovations in business and discussing how this has benefited the particular business
  • exploring emerging techniques businesses can use to gain an advantage, such as blended marketing, open innovation, use of digital technologies and social media and the adoption of sustainable production practices
  • identifying the reasons businesses seek to build or create a competitive advantage, for example, to stay in business, meet the changing demands of a competitive global market, achieve efficiencies, lower costs and improve their profit margins
  • investigating the different strategies businesses use to create competitive advantage, for example, improving productivity, undertaking research and development, adopting innovative and efficient practices, advertising and marketing, offering a lower-cost product, innovative ways of managing the workforce, or by implementing efficient internal operations strategies
  • discussing whether the adoption of strategies based around corporate social responsibility can increase the competitive advantage of businesses

  VCEBB024 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | The Business Environment

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students explain how decisions can be made democratically and the role of local government. They recognise the importance of rules and distinguish between rules and laws. They describe how people participate in their community as active citizens and factors that shape a...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 3 and 4

• VCGGK105

  Classification of environmental resources and the forms that water takes as a resource

  Elaborations

  • classifying resources into renewable/non-renewable and finite/infinite resources, and investigating examples of each type
  • describing how water is an available resource when it is groundwater, soil moisture (green water), and surface water in dams, rivers and lakes (blue water), and a potential resource when it exists as salt water, ice, water vapour or waste water, and using the concept of the water cycle to show the connections between the different forms

  VCGGK105 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 7 and 8 | Geographical Knowledge | Water in the world

• Civics and Citizenship: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students identify the values that underpin Australia’s democracy and explain the importance of the electoral process. They describe the purpose of key institutions and levels of government in Australia’s democracy. They explain the role of different people in...

  Level description | The Humanities | Civics and Citizenship | Levels 5 and 6