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• VCDSTC057

  Investigate and make judgements on the ethical and sustainable production and marketing of food and fibre

  Elaborations

  • examining emerging production technologies and methods in terms of productivity, profitability and sustainability, for example vertical farming, recirculation technologies in aquaculture
  • investigating how digital technologies could be used to enhance food production systems, for example global positioning system (GPS) for managing animals, crop sensors or automated animal feeding or milking
  • comparing the environmental impacts of intensive and extensive production systems and their contribution to food and fibre production
  • investigating the interdependence of plants and animals in food and fibre production
  • examining the marketing chain of a range of agricultural products and outlining the effect of product processing and advertising on demand and price
  • taking account of animal welfare considerations in food and fibre production enterprises

  VCDSTC057 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Technologies Contexts | Food and fibre production

• VCDSTC058

  Investigate and make judgements on how the principles of food safety, preservation, preparation, presentation and sensory perceptions influence the creation of food solutions for healthy eating

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with food preservation methods such as freezing and dehydrating to determine changes to food structure and how these impact on designing healthy food solutions, for example dehydrating fruit for the lunch box
  • conducting sensory evaluations of a range of foods to determine how these characteristics might be used to enhance food solutions, for example taste testing a variety of grains, comparing home-produced foods to commercial foods
  • determining how the causes of food spoilage can be addressed when preparing, cooking, presenting and storing food items, for example developing a comprehensive checklist of considerations for safe and hygienic food storage and preparation including danger zone temperatures for a food product or service
  • preparing and presenting foods using a range of techniques to ensure optimum nutrient content, flavour, texture and visual appeal, for example, creating a healthy snack for the canteen and using food photography and digital technologies to promote the item in a healthy eating campaign

  VCDSTC058 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Technologies Contexts | Food specialisations

• VCDSTC059

  Investigate and make judgements on how the characteristics and properties of materials, systems, components, tools and equipment can be combined to create designed solutions

  Elaborations

  • critiquing the design of an existing product to identify environmental consequences of material selection
  • justifying decisions when selecting from a broad range of technologies − materials, systems, components, tools and equipment, for example selecting low-emission paints and locally sourced materials
  • analysing and explaining the ways in which the properties and characteristics of materials have been considered in the design of a product with specific requirements such as reduced weight to reduce transport costs in rural Australia
  • investigating emerging materials and their impact on design decisions

  VCDSTC059 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Technologies Contexts | Materials and technologies specialisations

• VCDSTC056

  Investigate and make judgements on how the characteristics and properties of materials are combined with force, motion and energy to create engineered solutions

  Elaborations

  • explaining the way common machines combine properties of materials and force, motion and energy in, for example, cranes on building sites
  • examining and explaining the interaction between material properties and function of a common system, such as car brakes
  • analysing the relationship between materials of properties, forces and safety in engineered systems such as bridges
  • critiquing the effectiveness of the combinations of materials, forces, energy and motion in an engineered system such as a 3D printer
  • calculating forces, reactions and loads in structures

  VCDSTC056 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Technologies Contexts | Engineering principles and systems

• VCDSTS055

  Explain how designed solutions evolve with consideration of preferred futures and the impact of emerging technologies on design decisions

  Elaborations

  • considering how creativity, innovation and enterprise contribute to how products, services and environments evolve
  • exploring the ways commercial enterprises respond to the challenges and opportunities of technological change, for example e-commerce, and carbon footprint
  • explaining the consequences of social, ethical and sustainability decisions for designed solutions, for example, a managed public environment such as a theme park
  • predicting the impact of emerging technologies for preferred futures
  • constructing scenarios of how the future may unfold (forecasting) and what impacts there may be for society and particular groups, and back casting from preferred futures
  • recognising real-world problems and understanding basic needs when considering designed solutions, for example Engineers Without Borders High School Outreach Program allows students to design solutions to problems in a country in Asia

  VCDSTS055 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Technologies and Society

• VCDSTS054

  Critically analyse factors, including social, ethical and sustainability considerations, that impact on designed solutions for global preferred futures and the complex design and production processes involved

  Elaborations

  • evaluating design and technology professions and their contributions to society locally, nationally, regionally and globally, for example Aboriginal designers collaborating with international craftspeople for local enterprises
  • recognising the impact of past designed solutions and possible future decisions in relation to creating preferred futures, for example the design of public transport systems that use renewable energy and the design of rural communities to reduce fire risk
  • considering the factors that influence design and professional designers and technologists, including time, access to skills, knowledge, finance, expertise, for example Australian designers working with rapid prototyping manufacturers in China
  • explaining how product life cycle thinking can influence decision-making related to design and technologies, for example rethinking products to provide for re-use, selecting a material for a product that has a lower carbon footprint
  • critiquing mass production systems taking into account ethics and sustainability considerations, for example the mass production of food, clothing and shoes and why manufacturers produce different versions of the same product

  VCDSTS054 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Technologies and Society

• VCDTCD050

  Define and decompose real-world problems precisely, taking into account functional and non-functional requirements and including interviewing stakeholders to identify needs

  Elaborations

  • developing a preliminary specification for an opportunity or a need that typically contains a problem statement, a set of solution needs expressed as functional and non-functional requirements, any assumptions or constraints to be considered and the scope or boundaries of the solution
  • investigating different types of functional requirements for solutions, for example increasing the speed of processing, calculating new results, improving the quality of reports
  • investigating different types of non-functional requirements for solutions, for example considering how the requirements of reliability, user-friendliness, portability and robustness could affect the way people use solutions
  • identifying the range of stakeholders who are associated with solutions but are not direct users and using techniques such as interviewing and reinterviewing to clarify needs
  • using software such as graphic organisers to determine a fundamental cause of a problem or to represent related elements of a problem that need to be jointly addressed in the digital solution
  • testing a range of text and graphical user interface designs with clients who have different needs on the basis of time taken to complete the task and the number of errors made

  VCDTCD050 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD052

  Design algorithms represented diagrammatically and in structured English and validate algorithms and programs through tracing and test cases

  Elaborations

  • designing algorithms to solve real-world problems and describing algorithms using flow charts and structured English, for example START, END, IF and UNTIL
  • recognising that different algorithms can solve a problem with different trade-offs
  • tracing algorithms to predict results and program state for a given input, for example desk checking or using an interactive debugging tool
  • using tracing techniques to test algorithms, for example desk checking an algorithm for a given input by stepping through the algorithm while keeping track of contents of the variables
  • developing test cases that correspond to the requirements of the specifications, for example validating program behaviour on a range of valid and invalid user input

  VCDTCD052 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD054

  Evaluate critically how well student-developed solutions and existing information systems and policies take account of future risks and sustainability and provide opportunities for innovation

  Elaborations

  • investigating actions, devices and events that are potential risks to information systems, for example losing portable storage devices containing important files, deliberately infecting systems through malware, and power surges
  • investigating techniques used by people and organisations to shape how information systems are used, for example refusing to use innovations, using social media to advocate behaviours, purchasing devices, withdrawing previous processes that can now only be performed by an information system
  • investigating the impact and opportunities created through the practice of planned obsolescence, for example discussing the benefits and risks to users, the creators and the environment of information systems having a defined life span, taking into account costs, research and resource extraction
  • examining the ICT policy for schooling and evaluating the impact on education
  • reviewing the ‘terms of use’ policies on social media networks and predicting ways in which these can support advocacy of change and protection of individuals and societies
  • reviewing state, national and regional policies and analysing the potential impact of each. Examples of policies include: Australian Government Protective Security Policy Framework, the Australian Government ICT Sustainability Plan 2010–2015; the Green Growth Policy in Korea and the Korean National Strategy for Sustainable Development

  VCDTCD054 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD053

  Develop modular programs, applying selected algorithms and data structures including using an object-oriented programming language

  Elaborations

  • coding separate modules that perform discrete functions but collectively meet the needs of the solution
  • defining classes that represent the attributes and behaviour of objects in the real world or in a game
  • considering different algorithms and selecting the most appropriate based on the type of problem, for example branching algorithms suit optimisation problems and simple recursive algorithms solve the base cases directly
  • selecting different types of data structures such as an array, record and object to model structured data

  VCDTCD053 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD051

  Design the user experience of a digital system, evaluating alternative designs against criteria including functionality, accessibility, usability and aesthetics

  Elaborations

  • designing the user interface of a solution using story boards and mock-ups, for example mocking up the product design of an app for people with disability
  • identifying similar digital systems and existing user interfaces, assessing whether their elements can be reused
  • evaluating aspects of the total user experience, that is, all aspects of the system as perceived by the users, for example, a user’s initial experience of setting up and using a system, or a user’s emotional or cultural response to using a digital system
  • designing documentation, branding and marketing for a digital solution, for example a product demonstration screencast or ‘getting started’ user guide
  • applying the principles and elements of design to a client’s requirements and evaluating the success of a solution through an iterative feedback process, for example using customer feedback to refine a user interface to provide access to important features more effectively

  VCDTCD051 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTDI046

  Analyse simple compression of data and how content data are separated from presentation

  Elaborations

  • explaining how simple compression schemes reduce the size of repetitive data, for example how run length encoding reduces the size of images
  • explaining the difference between lossy and lossless compression, for example the difference between JPEG and PNG images
  • explaining codecs for audio-visual compression, for example common codecs for video formats
  • generating a layout or report in a database or applying a style sheet to a web page

  VCDTDI046 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI047

  Develop techniques for acquiring, storing and validating quantitative and qualitative data from a range of sources, considering privacy and security requirements

  Elaborations

  • developing strategies and techniques for capturing accurate and usable qualitative and quantitative data of different formats, for example using text entry for open-ended questions to acquire qualitative data, or using radio buttons or checkboxes for closed questions to acquire quantitative data
  • identifying strengths and weaknesses of collecting data using different methods, for example online surveys, face-to-face interviews, phone interviews, observation, blog entries in response to a posting, phone logs, browser history and online webcam systems
  • developing strategies to ensure the privacy and security of survey data, for example using numbers rather than names as identifiers, or passwords protecting files to reduce risks of modifying data and using CAPTCHA™ to confirm human responses
  • extracting specific data from an external source and storing it in a format that is more useful for analysis, for example combining mapping data from multiple electronic data sets to build a composite representation

  VCDTDI047 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI048

  Analyse and visualise data to create information and address complex problems, and model processes, entities and their relationships using structured data

  Elaborations

  • using visualisation software tools to identify patterns and relationships between sets of data and information, and support abstract reasoning, for example representing data using histograms, network diagrams and maps
  • summarising data using advanced filtering and grouping techniques, for example pivot tables in spreadsheets and aggregation functions in databases
  • automating calculations, for example using absolute cell referencing to automatically extend formulas, and automating arithmetic calculations using built-in functions such as trigonometry, compound interest
  • simulating simple, iterative processes, for example modelling compound interest or ecological models using a spreadsheet
  • documenting the attributes of complex objects and processes using a data dictionary
  • interpreting schemas that represent relationships between entities and querying data across tables, for example using foreign keys to represent relationships and joining tables in structured query language (SQL) SELECT statements

  VCDTDI048 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI049

  Manage and collaboratively create interactive solutions for sharing ideas and information online, taking into account social contexts and legal responsibilities

  Elaborations

  • investigating legal responsibilities of organisations regarding the storage, communication and disposal of personal and organisational data, for example the Australian Privacy Principles as they apply to intellectual property
  • applying techniques to make ethical decisions when faced with dilemmas about security and ownership of data, for example selecting an action that results in the greatest benefit for the most number of people; avoiding the use of photos of deceased persons from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
  • creating an interactive web-based project that complies with accessibility requirements, for example using fragments of a web language to create dynamic content that supports interactivity
  • creating online interactive solutions for working with others by combining or modifying online software tools to support project work

  VCDTDI049 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Data and Information

• VCDTDS045

  Investigate the role of hardware and software in managing, controlling and securing the movement of and access to data in networked digital systems

  Elaborations

  • explaining how an operating system manages the relationship between hardware, applications and system software
  • comparing the similarities and differences of two common operating systems based on characteristics such as protection, control, processing and storage
  • identifying how changes to the configuration of an operating system change the operation of hardware and software components in a networked digital system
  • explaining the role of hardware and software components in allowing people to interact with digital systems, for example using a mouse or touch pad or screen, speech, accelerometer
  • investigating the operation and use of robotic process control systems
  • explaining encryption of data as a means of protecting data, for example secret keys and ‘exclusive or’ (XOR) and hashing algorithms to digitally sign data

  VCDTDS045 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 9 and 10 | Digital Systems

• VCEBB024

  Explore the nature of innovation and discuss how businesses seek to create and maintain a competitive advantage in the market, including the global market

  Elaborations

  • identifying a variety of innovations in business and discussing how this has benefited the particular business
  • exploring emerging techniques businesses can use to gain an advantage, such as blended marketing, open innovation, use of digital technologies and social media and the adoption of sustainable production practices
  • identifying the reasons businesses seek to build or create a competitive advantage, for example, to stay in business, meet the changing demands of a competitive global market, achieve efficiencies, lower costs and improve their profit margins
  • investigating the different strategies businesses use to create competitive advantage, for example, improving productivity, undertaking research and development, adopting innovative and efficient practices, advertising and marketing, offering a lower-cost product, innovative ways of managing the workforce, or by implementing efficient internal operations strategies
  • discussing whether the adoption of strategies based around corporate social responsibility can increase the competitive advantage of businesses

  VCEBB024 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | The Business Environment

• VCEBC023

  Explain why and describe how people manage financial risks and rewards in the current Australian and global financial landscape

  Elaborations

  • identifying financial risks such as scams and identity theft and considering strategies to avoid these
  • explaining the role of banks and other deposit-taking institutions, such as credit unions or building societies, in collecting deposits, pooling savings and lending them to individuals and business
  • debating the difference between good and bad debt, how to manage debt, the risks of over-indebtedness, and the importance of having a savings buffer
  • identifying ways consumers can protect themselves from risks, for example, through insurances, savings and superannuation

  VCEBC023 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Consumer and Financial Literacy

• VCEBE028

  Generate a range of viable options, taking into account multiple perspectives, use simple cost-benefit analysis to recommend and justify a course of action, and predict the intended and unintended consequences of economic and business decisions

  Elaborations

  • examining the trade-offs businesses may need to consider, including social consequences, when determining methods to improve their productivity, for example, when employing more staff compared with up-skilling existing staff or replacing staff with technology or outsourcing work to overseas countries
  • evaluating the costs and benefits of different alternatives
  • using a range of criteria (social, economic, environmental) to select and justify a preferred option
  • using a range of strategies to help decide on a potential major purchase, for example, a car, by investigating options, calculating the costs of different purchasing methods and estimating the long-term costs and benefits of owning the asset and repaying the debt
  • discussing the outcomes of a decision, identifying those that were intended and unintended, and reflecting on strategies that may address the unintended consequences

  VCEBE028 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Economic and Business Reasoning and Interpretation

• VCEBN027

  Identify the ways enterprising behaviours and capabilities can be developed to improve the work and business environments

  Elaborations

  • identifying types of entrepreneurial behaviours and their importance for work, business and the economy
  • identifying within a specific business context, enterprising behaviours and capabilities that may need to be improved, and developing a plan to assist with this improvement
  • mindmapping the different ways particular behaviours and capabilities could be improved
  • exploring which particular behaviours and capabilities a business needs to encourage, and proposing strategies for their business to do this

  VCEBN027 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Enterprising Behaviours and Capabilities