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• VCNRU082

  Discuss the interrelationship between linguistic elements, context, purpose, audience and structure of a wide range of text types and identify how cultural elements are incorporated

  Elaborations

  • recognising main features of a range of text types in the language, for example, plays, songs, poetry, and discussing how they are used and how they add to the richness of the text
  • analysing texts, such as advertisements and magazine articles, and discussing linguistic and cultural elements
  • reading, viewing and listening to different texts in the language, paying attention to how messages can be expressed for different audiences and purposes, for example, reading messages on social media sites, emails, blogs
  • discussing language appropriate to particular text types, such as descriptive language in documentaries and persuasive language in advertisements
  • explaining form, features and purposes of texts, such as how they are organised in terms of layout, headings, sequencing of ideas and stylistic devices, for example, informative language in documentaries and persuasive language in advertisements

  VCNRU082 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• Modern Greek - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  Students recognise and approximate the pronunciation, rhythms and intonation patterns of extended phrases and compound sentences. They use vocabulary with more complex syllable combinations and become more fluent and accurate in spoken and written language production. They gain greater control...

  Level description | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence

• Spanish - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use written and spoken Spanish to initiate and sustain interactions with teachers, peers and others in a range of settings and for a range of purposes. They use language spontaneously to offer opinions on social issues and to discuss young people’s interests...

  Level description | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• Victorian Aboriginal Languages: Levels 7 to 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use the language to initiate, sustain and extend interactions, and to exchange information about interests, experiences and aspirations. They use spontaneous language wherever possible to participate in activities that involve taking action, collaborating, planning...

  Level description | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10

• Vietnamese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 10, students use spoken and written Vietnamese to initiate, sustain and extend interactions with peers, teachers and others in a range of contexts and for a range of purposes, such as to explore peers’ perspectives on youth culture and personal experiences. They use language...

  Level description | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10

• VCELU184

  Discuss the interrelationship between linguistic elements, context, purpose, audience and structure of a wide range of text types, such as poetry, biographies, blogs, emails and advertisements, and identify how cultural elements are incorporated

  Elaborations

  • recognising main features of a range of text types in Greek, for example, emails, plays, songs, poetry, and discussing how they are used and how they add to the richness of the text
  • analysing texts, such as advertisements and magazine articles, and discussing linguistic and cultural elements
  • reading, viewing and listening to different texts in Greek, paying attention to how messages can be expressed for different audiences and purposes, for example, reading messages on social media sites, emails, blogs
  • discussing language appropriate to particular text types, such as descriptive language in documentaries and persuasive language in advertisements
  • explaining form, features and purposes of texts, such as how they are organised in terms of layout, headings, sequencing of ideas and stylistic devices, for example, informative language in documentaries and persuasive language in advertisements

  VCELU184 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCFRU120

  Recognise the regularities and irregularities of spoken French, and use pronunciation, rhythm and stress in increasingly complex ways

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing rhythms in more complex sentences, using pausing and intonation to signal clause sequence and emphasis
  • using tone and intonation to indicate emphasis or emotion, for example, elle a fait quoi? Il est tellement doué!
  • using words and expressions with more complex syllable combinations (la magnitude, les augmentations, qu’est-ce que c’est que ça?), building fluency and accuracy in relation to pitch, stress and rhythm
  • understanding the function and patterns of use of liaisons and silent h forms in maintaining speech flow, for example, L’Hȏtel Splendide est situé au bord du lac; c’est en effet un hȏtel splendide!
  • recognising the role of pronunciation, rhythm and pace in creating effects and suggesting relationships in oral texts such as stories, poems, songs and conversations

  VCFRU120 | Languages | French | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHHK135

  Significant events and influencing ideas in the development of the society, including different perspectives of the events at the time and different historical interpretations and debates

  Elaborations

  • Australia
    • discussing the rise of nationalist sentiment in Australia in the mid to late nineteenth century
    • sequencing the key events and ideas in the development of Australian self-government and democracy, including women's voting rights
    • explaining the factors that contributed to federation and the development of democracy in Australia, including defence concerns, the 1890s depression, nationalist ideals, egalitarianism, the Westminster system
  • Asia
    • explaining the position of the Asian society in relation to other nations in the world around the turn of the twentieth century, including the influence of key ideas such as nationalism
    • investigating the fall of the Shogun and the Meiji Restoration, rise of nationalism, militarism and expansionism, confrontation between Japan and China, and with Western powers, for example, the Russo-Japanese war, and the emergence of Japan as a major world power
    • describing the activities of Christian missionaries in China and the outcomes of the Boxer Rebellion
    • analysing the significant causes and effects of the Indian Great Rebellion 1857

  VCHHK135 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Australia and Asia

• VCKOU031

  Understand and use key features of Korean sound and writing systems, including pronunciation, intonation and print conventions, applying this understanding to own speech and writing

  Elaborations

  • recognising and reproducing sounds of Korean in sentences consisting of multiple clauses, attending to pauses and intonation to identify clause sequences and types of sentences
  • pronouncing syllable blocks in a word, making appropriate changes to the sounds on syllable boundaries according to pronunciation rules, for example, pronouncing such words as 한국어, 같이, 감사합니다, 먹고 and어떻게 as 항구거, 가치, 감사함니다, 먹꼬 and 어떠케
  • experimenting with pronunciation rules and intonation collaboratively with peers
  • using basic punctuation in writing, including a question mark (?) for questions and a full stop (.) for other types of sentences
  • using spacing and spelling rules in reading and writing, recognising their differences to English, for example, 소라가 방에 있어요 versus 소라 가방에 있어요

  VCKOU031 | Languages | Korean | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M10SP01

  apply deductive reasoning to formulate proofs involving shapes in the plane and use theorems to solve spatial problems

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing between a practical demonstration and a proof; for example, demonstrating that triangles are congruent by placing them on top of each other, as compared to using congruence tests to establish that triangles are congruent
  • developing proofs involving congruent triangles and angle properties, communicating the proof using a sequence of logically connected statements
  • applying an understanding of relationships to deduce properties of geometric figures; for example, the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal
  • investigating proofs of geometric theorems and using them to solve spatial problems, for example, applying logical reasoning and similarity to proofs and numerical exercises involving plane shapes, and using visual proofs to justify solutions
  • using dynamic geometry software to find the quadrilateral that has a vertex on each side of a rectangle and has the shortest possible path, and proving that the path forms a parallelogram

  VC2M10SP01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 10 | Space

• VCZHC102

  Respond to and create or adapt simple narratives that describe experiences and characters from folk tales or popular fiction

  Elaborations

  • composing a creative account of an imagined experience with Chinese visitors to the local community, for example, hosting a Chinese student or taking a tour group to a local sporting event
  • creating narratives that hold the attention of readers (for example, beginning a story with 你知道吗？), experimenting with 正叙，倒叙，插叙 to sequence events and using descriptive language to set the scene
  • collaboratively creating short plays describing the experiences of imagined characters in different cultures, for example, 《James在上海》
  • exploring how alternative words can be used to convey varying degrees of emotion and attitude towards people, places and events, for example, 我真高兴。你快乐吗？他很幸福!
  • taking on a role in a story and retelling the story from one character’s perspective, describing their feelings and emotions, for example, 我真高兴！ 太棒了！ 哎哟，吓死我了！

  VCZHC102 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCZHU075

  Relate prior knowledge of character form and function to infer information about the sound and meaning of unfamiliar characters

  Elaborations

  • identifying familiar components and characters in different fonts and handwriting, including calligraphy and cursive forms of handwriting
  • describing orthographic features of new characters encountered, including the structure, sequence and relationship of components, and explaining connections evident between form, sound and meaning
  • recognising that characters may have multiple sounds (i.e. 多音字) and multiple meanings
  • identifying the meanings of abbreviations, and analysing examples of abbreviations alongside their original forms to identify the ways in which abbreviations are formed in Chinese
  • examining and explaining the relationships between characters and word meanings when encountering new vocabulary
  • recognising commonly seen prefixes and suffixes (including 老，子，儿) and identifying the functions of the words

  VCZHU075 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU107

  Relate prior knowledge of character form and function to infer information about sound and meaning of unfamiliar characters

  Elaborations

  • analysing sequences of characters containing a common component or side to determine the features of form, function and predictability within the group, for example, explaining the features of position, phonetic function and range of sounds in the characters 请 清 情 晴 精 睛 猜
  • using understanding of familiar radicals and phonetic sides to estimate the sound and meaning of characters when reading aloud
  • describing characters to others by naming their components or sides in sequence, for example, ‘standing man’ (亻) on the left, ‘words’ (言) on the right ＝ 信
  • discussing the use of 繁体字 and 简体字 in Chinese-speaking communities today, including the revival of 繁体字 and the spread of 简体字 in diverse communities
  • recognising traditional characters encountered in their local Chinese communities and noting their simplified character version
  • exploring examples of types of simplifications and ways of associating traditional characters with known simplified forms, for example, whole simplifications (为-為), part substitutions (汉-漢) and half simplifications (说-說)
  • exploring the use of diverse character-morphemes to express similar ideas, for example, identifying multiple characters for ‘food’ (饭、菜、食、餐) and organising and classifying words containing these characters to understand their context of use
  • recognising the two-syllable preference in Chinese nouns and applying this understanding when reading texts

  VCZHU107 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDEC175

  Convey ideas, information and views from multiple sources, using different modes of presentation to suit different audiences and to achieve different purposes

  Elaborations

  • using models of texts such as television news reports and social media to create original texts, and explaining how ideas and information are selected, structured and sequenced to achieve different purposes
  • creating a web page to provide information for young German-speaking job seekers in different regional and cultural contexts (Farmarbeit in Queensland, Kindermädchen im Outback, Küchenhilfe an der Ostküste), using formats such as databases, charts, maps and video clips
  • designing texts pitched to specific age or interest groups, making and explaining choices in relation to vocabulary, structure, and visual and cultural elements, for example, relationship advice for teens, tips for healthier living, local information for backpackers
  • summarising and presenting information related to topics or themes studied in other curriculum areas, using different modes of presentation to cater for different learning styles, for example, using charts, diagrams, recorded spoken commentary or demonstration to explain historical events, ecosystems or recycling

  VCDEC175 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCKOC194

  Analyse, interpret and integrate information gathered from diverse sources relating to areas of interest to adolescents or young adults, making connections with own and each other’s experience and with other learning areas

  Elaborations

  • understanding gist and identifying keywords to extract specific information, by scanning through texts from various sources in conventional, digital or multimodal formats such as articles, reports or podcasts on topics such as pop culture, youth employment, the environment and world sports, or those related to other learning areas
  • distinguishing between fact and opinion in texts such as articles and reports, using critical literacy skills to recognise bias, for example, identifying the author, audience and purpose of the text
  • analysing and interpreting collected information by summarising, sequencing and prioritising, considering audience, purposes and context, for example, 한국에는 태풍이 오고, 호주에는 사이클론이 와요/옵니다. 태풍은 …, 사이클론은 …
  • obtaining information in order to debate issues of interest such as the environment, expectations of teenagers, and the generation gap, using persuasive or evaluative language, for example, 나는 ... 믿어요/확신해요; 이것은 분명히…–이에요/예요; 그렇지만 …; 정말 …–(으)ㄹ까요?
  • investigating aspects of Korean culture to determine a particular course of action, for example, providing a Korean exchange student with a suitable placement, or a group of Korean visitors with a suitable menu, or selecting an appropriate time of the year for a visit to Korea

  VCKOC194 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCLVC179

  Interpret and respond to texts by sharing personal reactions, comparing themes, describing and explaining aspects of artistic expression and how these relate to land, sky, sea, water, people, plants, animals and social and ecological relationships

  Elaborations

  • listening to respected community speakers tell stories on Country/Place, interpreting signs and gestures and using correct protocols to ask clarifying questions and to find out about the cultural role of storytelling
  • interpreting and responding to texts such as songs, stories, films or video clips by recording key vocabulary and expressions, identifying and explaining main ideas, themes and sequences of events, for example, by sharing personal reactions with others
  • discussing how key messages and beliefs are communicated through stories and visual and creative arts, for example, comparing the role and representation of animals, people and landscapes in different expressive forms
  • discussing and explaining how land, sky, sea, people, plants, animals and social and ecological relationships are expressed through the arts
  • investigating traditional and contemporary arts, including paintings, weavings, artefacts, and identifying how they relate to or express elements of Country/Place and people
  • listening to, viewing and comparing personal responses to popular music, identifying key messages, themes and performance styles,, and considering how they incorporate social commentary
  • discussing how stories and songs often link neighbouring Aboriginal groups and nations
  • retelling stories belonging to Country/Place

  VCLVC179 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCLVU185

  Understand and explain the sound patterns in spoken language and use developing phonemic awareness to represent these patterns in written form

  Elaborations

  • reading aloud for meaning to demonstrate comprehension of sound–symbol correspondences
  • developing metalanguage to describe and talk about sounds and phonology, for example, place and manner of articulation, uncertain or missing sounds
  • investigating sound patterns, for example, consonant and vowel sequences, and word-level patterns, for example, allowable word-final sounds, allowable consonant clusters, word stress
  • understanding the major categories of place of articulation in Aboriginal languages, for example, peripheral, laminal, apical, and their realisation across different languages and regions in Australia
  • establishing similarities in the sound systems of related languages otherwise masked by differing spelling systems
  • using their knowledge of alphabetic conventions for Aboriginal languages to transcribe spoken texts from a range of languages, for example, those related to the target language or those from neighbouring regions
  • comparing and explaining the relative consistency of Aboriginal languages and English in spelling words
  • understanding the phonemic basis of alphabetic spelling systems and the fact that different sounds can be covered within a single phoneme or letter
  • exploring different writing systems that are based on different principles, for example, syllabic or ideographic

  VCLVU185 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU220

  Organise and express complex ideas in Chinese, for example, analysing and comparing active and passive sentence constructions

  Elaborations

  • organising information in a range of ways, and discussing the logical flow of the information and whether it suits the audience’s reading expectations, for example, comparing 目前陆地上的煤，石油等资源 由于长期开采，已经越来越少 and 由于长期开采陆地上的资源，比如煤和石油，目前已经越来越少
  • analysing the subtle differences between expressions with similar meanings conveyed using, for example, 除了…也 and 除了…都 and 虽然 and 尽管
  • exploring the particular functions of key grammatical forms and their correct context of use, for example, distinguishing between the uses of 的、 得、 地 and 可以、能、会
  • employing more complex syntactical features to enhance their own meanings, building on current knowledge, for example, making comparisons, expressing sequence, expressing cause and effect
  • using particular discourse features to extend and elaborate their own message, for example, 除此之外、尽管这样、同样

  VCZHU220 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARC174

  Locate, analyse, interpret and evaluate information from online and digital sources on issues of interest to young people, making connections with own experiences and considering various perspectives

  Elaborations

  • understanding main ideas and evaluating information from texts such as articles, reports, charts, diagrams and news items, on topics such as environmental sustainability, world sports, and youth culture, for example,

    السخرية من وضع معين؛ التنديد بفعل معين؛ تزكية فكرة ما من خلال العبارات اللغوية والصور والتنسيق العام للتقرير

  • distinguishing between fact and opinion in texts such as articles and reports in print and digital form, using critical literacy skills to recognise bias by evaluating textual purpose used, for example,

    التحيّز لفكر ما؛ المبالغة: إن جميع الشباب متهوّر؛ هذا جيل غير مسؤول

    الحياديّة تجاه الأفكار المؤيدة والمعارضة: هناك بعض الشباب المتهور؛ إن غالبية الشّباب غير مسؤول

  • analysing and interpreting information collected from various sources, including digital or online sources, such as concept maps, charts and tables, by summarising, sequencing and prioritising, considering audience, purpose and context and drawing personal conclusions, for example,

    من الواضح أن...؛ في الخاتمة...؛ هذا يؤدي إلى ...؛ خلاصة الكلام...؛ في النهاية ...

  • using information obtained from a range of sources in order to debate issues of interest, such as the generation gap, teenage issues, immigration or parents’ expectations, using persuasive and evaluative language, making connections with own experiences and considering different perspectives, for example,

    الهوّة بين الأهل والأبناء كبيرة وعميقة دون شك؛ يجب على الأهل مساعدة أبنائهم في مرحلة المراهقة؛ أليس كذلك؟ نحن بحاجة إلى تغيير الفكر؛ علينا أن ننظر إلى المسألة بحكمة؛ يجب علينا جميعاً أن ندعم الشباب في إختياراتهم

  VCARC174 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCASFC110

  Participate in shared learning activities that involve planning, transacting and problem-solving, using simple signed statements, questions and directions

  Elaborations

  • negotiating roles and responsibilities in shared learning activities, using expressions such as:
    PRO2 TYPE PRO1 WRITE
    You type and I’ll write.
  • understanding and using expressions of support, encouragement or praise during shared activities, for example, EXCELLENT, THAT GREAT
  • playing games that involve detailed information exchange, such as a ‘murder mystery’ type game, asking for and supplying descriptions about the suspect, for example:
    PRO3 HAVE GLASSES?
    Does he have glasses?
  • working collaboratively to plan an event such as a handball competition, using expressions related to place, time and numbers, for example:
    BEST PLAY WHERE?
    Where will we play?
    TEAM+ HOW MANY?
    How many teams are there?
  • following and giving directions for outdoor activities such as an obstacle course
  • expressing preferences in relation to roles and responsibilities in shared learning activities, using NMFs and statements such as:
    HANDWRITING PRO1 DON’T-LIKE RATHER TYPING
    I don’t like handwriting; I prefer to type it
    
  • working with peers to plan for a visit from a Deaf community member, prioritising and sequencing tasks

  VCASFC110 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising