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• VCFRU089

  Identify examples of French language used to influence social and cultural relationships and practices

  Elaborations

  • finding examples of language used for social commentary or to influence actions or beliefs, (for example, emotive language and images in reports on cruelty to children or to animals [la violence, la négligence, l’intimidation, l’abus; menacer, blesser, battre])
  • understanding how language variation can reflect cultural and social identity, inclusion or exclusion, (for example, inclusive language of political speeches (Nous les pères et les mères des futurs citoyens de notre belle France…), or inclusion and exclusion through the use of langage codifié (le verlan d’une sous-culture: zyva — vas-y; ouf — fou; zarbi-bizarre)
  • examining how specialised language associated with professional, commercial or cultural ways of speaking or writing can create barriers for some members of a language community, (for example, legal or medical terms, arts-related expressions, or bureaucratic language)

  VCFRU089 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCARC177

  Create and present imaginative texts to express ideas, attitudes and values through characters, events and settings for a range of audiences, contexts and purposes

  Elaborations

  • creating various types of imaginative texts, such as songs, stories or video clips for video-sharing websites, to convey messages that reflect own perspectives on Arabic values and practices such as traditional filial piety or the value of education in modern society
  • creating imaginative texts in print, digital or online formats, such as short stories, video clips or plays, and building characters, themes and settings to entertain a specific audience, such as younger learners of Arabic
  • composing and presenting imaginative poems and songs that relate to significant celebrations or events in both Australia and the Arabic-speaking world, for example,

    الأعياد الوطنية؛ عيد المعلم؛ العيد الوطني الأسترالي ؛ عيد شهداء الأنزاك

  • creating reflective and critical texts such as diaries, blogs and articles to express own opinions on imaginative texts such as films, stories or poems, using expressions such as

    يا إلهي كم كان الفيلم مملّاً؛ دور الأم في الفيلم كان قاسياً جداً؛ لم أستمتع بقراءة القصة أبداً؛ لقد كانت أحداثها غير منطقية؛ قافية القصيدة جيدة لكنّ تعابيرها متكررة

  VCARC177 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCASFC077

  Prepare and present researched information on a range of issues, considering the context in which the information will be received

  Elaborations

  • presenting a sustained signed explanation on a given topic, using information selected from a range of sources to suit the intended audience
  • using evidence selected from independent research sources and evaluative or persuasive language to respond to arguments about issues such as eugenics, deaf technology or interpreter ethics
  • presenting information on current affairs or news items, identifying bias and the effect of context on the shaping of texts
  • arguing a predetermined, evidence-based position in a panel discussion/debate on controversial questions, for example, the inclusion of deaf members of a jury
  • designing the presentation of an Auslan text for a vlog that requires voice interpreting with notes to indicate emphasis and to clarify meaning
  • providing explanations of abstract or technical concepts, such as poverty or radiation from uranium, shaping the style of the presentation to suit the intended audience, for example through significant use of depicting signs
  • presenting an interpretation of graphs and statistics that provide information relating to the Deaf community, discussing findings and making predictions about future changes or patterns

  VCASFC077 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Informing

• VCLVU192

  Understand and apply cultural norms, skills and protocols associated with learning, using and researching Aboriginal languages

  Elaborations

  • using culturally appropriate protocols when engaging with and learning from Aboriginal peoples and communities
  • acknowledging cultural and intellectual property rights and copyright over language work, including song holders, story keepers, language informers, composers and choreographers

  VCLVU192 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 7 to 10 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCHIU087

  Analyse variations in Hindi language use that relate to social roles, values and contexts and to the nature of the interaction

  Elaborations

  • classifying forms of address in terms of social, cultural or family relationships, for example, बड़ी दीदी, मुन्ना-मुन्नी, भैया, बाबाजी and discussing the relationship between language, culture and context
  • evaluating how language choices reflect social values and attitudes, such as family loyalty, status or peer group identity
  • finding examples of colloquial and contemporary forms of language used by young people of their age, such as using words and expressions from other languages when talking about popular culture, अरे यार, कल क्या कमाल मैच देखा
  • observing non-verbal elements of communication such as gestures, facial expressions or use of space and silence, discussing their importance in communication and how they vary in formal and informal contexts
  • noticing and explaining differences in text structure and grammar between formal and informal Hindi, for example, between the structure of a business letter and an informal email आपको सूचित किया जाता है..., मैं तुम्हें बताता हूँ....

  VCHIU087 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHHK132

  Significant effects of the Industrial Revolution, including global changes in landscapes, movements of people, development and influence of ideas, political and social reforms, and transport and communication

  Elaborations

  • describing the effects of factories, mines and cities on the environment, and on population growth and distribution
  • outlining the growth of trade unions as a response to the effects of the Industrial Revolution
  • investigating and explaining the emergence and the influence of individuals and/or groups on key ideas in the period, with a particular focus on one of the following: capitalism, socialism, egalitarianism, nationalism, imperialism, Darwinism or Chartism

  VCHHK132 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)

• VCEBN027

  Identify the ways enterprising behaviours and capabilities can be developed to improve the work and business environments

  Elaborations

  • identifying types of entrepreneurial behaviours and their importance for work, business and the economy
  • identifying within a specific business context, enterprising behaviours and capabilities that may need to be improved, and developing a plan to assist with this improvement
  • mindmapping the different ways particular behaviours and capabilities could be improved
  • exploring which particular behaviours and capabilities a business needs to encourage, and proposing strategies for their business to do this

  VCEBN027 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 9 and 10 | Enterprising Behaviours and Capabilities

• VCITU133

  Reflect on intercultural exchanges and the ways in which language is used to establish relationships, indicate social values and enhance reciprocity

  Elaborations

  • examining the link between language and cultural values and practices evident in Italy, for example, the appreciation of things of beauty and style expressed by the concept of la bella figura; the connotations of the concept of mammone
  • examining how their own language and culture influence their responses to others
  • analysing and discussing language choices by asking, for example, Who uses this expression and where? Why is it meaningful? Why is it used?
  • evaluating own and others’ assumptions and generalisations about values, beliefs, cultural norms and practices of Italian-speaking communities and how these influence intercultural exchange
  • sharing own responses in class to a given topic and comparing with those of others, reflecting on how different people are perceived through their use of language and the way it reflects values and beliefs
  • understanding how language and culture convey values such as, respect, for example, Cosa ne pensi? Sei d’accordo? È giusto? In Australia invece … A differenza di …

  VCITU133 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• Non-Roman Alphabet Languages - 7–10 Sequence: Levels 9 and 10 description

  This is a period of language exploration and vocabulary expansion and experimentation with different modes of communication. Greater control of language structures and systems increases confidence and interest in communicating in a wider range of contexts. Students use the language being studied...

  Level description | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence

• VCRAC074

  Engage with a variety of imaginative texts, analysing ideas and values, discussing responses and altering key aspects

  Elaborations

  • listening to, viewing and reading a range of texts such as video clips, computer games, comics, television drama or game shows, and expressing personal opinions about key aspects
  • reading texts such as extracts from a biography or diary for enjoyment and to gain insights into other people’s experiences and perspectives
  • modifying existing texts, for example, creating an alternative ending, introducing a new character, changing the setting or adding a major event, or providing a video clip to accompany and reinforce the meaning expressed in song lyrics
  • creating texts to parody existing texts and to explore a range of genres, for example, re-creating a music clip or advertisement
  • analysing language and techniques used in contemporary drama, television programs, poetry and film, such as hyperbole, imagery, humour, music and camera angles
  • identifying and responding to key messages and values in traditional texts and considering their relevance in modern times
  • re-creating texts such as fairy tales, legends or myths from a different cultural perspective
  • discussing how texts such as films, plays and songs convey social issues (such as conflict in relationships or poverty) and values

  VCRAC074 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCCCTM053

  Investigate the kind of criteria that can be used to rationally evaluate the quality of ideas and proposals, including the qualities of viability and workability

  Elaborations

  • developing and applying criteria to assess a range of examples of proposals and justifying whether refinements are necessary
  • developing and applying ethical considerations that should be taken into account for a research proposal or a performance
  • assessing the workability of a response to an issue by examining practical implementation considerations
  • assessing the viability of a solution by considering the risks associated with it

  VCCCTM053 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 9 and 10 | Meta-Cognition

• VCITC083

  Read, discuss and review a range of imaginative texts and respond by expressing opinions, explaining the themes, discussing characters, and considering language use and cultural meanings

  Elaborations

  • analysing and discussing emotional impact of text features such as use of hyperbole and metaphors to express emotions and convey attitudes, for example, Mi piace da matti/da morire! ... È una vita che aspetto! Sei una volpe! ... La Divinia Commedia è lo specchio della società medievale italiana
  • investigating the social context in which a text was created and how these factors influenced the ideas and expression of the text, for example, considering the author’s background, prior or related events and figures of importance, for example, Mi piace da morire!
  • interpreting the use of images, sounds, gesture and language choices to convey cultural concepts and ideals in Italian texts, for example, the didactic nature of Italian pop songs, the neorealism of Italian film, social issues captured in graffiti
  • listening to, viewing or reading traditional and contemporary texts such as stories, fables, films and songs to understand how moral values and characteristics are portrayed, such as being respectful, caring, clever and honest
  • expressing thoughts and ideas about how texts convey implicit and explicit values and beliefs which are associated with Italian culture across generations, for example, viewing and discussing excerpts from La vita è bella, Pane e tulipani, Pane e cioccolato or America, or discussing the historical setting of the film Caterina va in città and the main character's attitude to life
  • reading contemporary texts such as poetry or song lyrics to explore and discuss aspects of Italian society and culture that are addressed, for example, current social themes such as youth, unemployment, immigration to Italy, asylum seekers, education, university

  VCITC083 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCESU034

  Examine ongoing changes in Spanish as a language of local and international communication, considering the power of language to both influence and reflect culture

  Elaborations

  • identifying Spanish words borrowed from different languages across time and through political, historical and social changes, for example, words of Arabic origin that start with the prefix al-, such as almanaque, alcachofa, algodón, álgebra and alcohol, and some common interjections also derived from Arabic, such as ¡hola!, ¡ojalá!, ¡olé!
  • identifying the movement of language elements across and between times and contexts, such as words from indigenous languages adopted into Spanish and then exported to other languages, for example, words of Náhuatl origin such as aguacate, chocolate, cacao, chile, chicle and guacamole
  • noticing components of Spanish language that reflect particular cultural histories and influences, such as technological and scientific terms derived from classical Latin and Greek, for example, continente, vegetación, bacteria, biología, protocolo and mecánico
  • reflecting on the power of language in terms of their own experience, for example, by identifying comments from friends, teachers or public figures that have influenced or affected them
  • understanding the power of language to influence people’s actions and beliefs, such as the language of persuasion in political speeches or community appeals, for example, puede hacer su donación a la..., ofrezca tu tiempo voluntariamente despué del terremoto en Chile

  VCESU034 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCIDC074

  Engage with a variety of imaginative texts, analysing ideas and values, discussing responses and altering key aspects

  Elaborations

  • listening to, viewing and reading a range of texts such as video clips, computer games, comics, television drama or game shows, and expressing personal opinions about key aspects, for example, pada pendapat saya cerita ini…, saya lebih suka/kurang suka tema fantasi, karakter utamanya menarik sekali
  • reading texts such as extracts from a biography or diary for enjoyment and to gain insights into other people’s experiences and perspectives
  • modifying existing texts, for example, creating an alternative ending, introducing a new character, changing the setting or adding a major event, or providing a video clip to accompany and reinforce the meaning expressed in song lyrics
  • creating texts to parody existing texts and to explore a range of genres, for example, re-creating a music clip or advertisement
  • analysing language and techniques used in contemporary drama, television programs, poetry and film, such as hyperbole, imagery, humour, music and camera angles, for example, adegan, plesetan
  • identifying and responding to key messages and values in traditional texts such as dongeng, wayang and pantun, and considering their relevance in modern times
  • re-creating texts such as fairy tales, legends or myths from a different cultural perspective
  • discussing how texts such as films, plays and songs convey social issues (such as conflict in relationships or poverty) and values such as piety and humility

  VCIDC074 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCITC121

  Respond to imaginative texts, stating views about themes, events and values, and making connections with own experiences as appropriate

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reading narratives, biographies and autobiographies to explore representations of life experience in relation to concepts such as adolescence, relationships and roles
  • identifying practices, values and beliefs of characters in extracts from contemporary Italian literature, film and popular culture, comparing these with texts in own language and culture and with their own experiences
  • exploring how values and practices may have changed over time by comparing texts from different eras, for example, analysing the lyrics of Italian popular songs and singer/songwriters (cantautori), for example, ‘L’italiano’ by Toto Cutugno
  • reflecting on own experiences, practices, attitudes, interpretations and reactions and those of characters in imaginative texts, for example, Anch’io penso che …, In Australia invece …; Non credo di [+ infinitive …] …, Anch’io ho avuto/sperimentato …
  • changing aspects of a story (for example, locating it in a different time or place, or developing an alternative ending) and explaining the significance of such changes
  • writing poems, letters or emails to characters from a story or film, for example, Pinocchio
  • interpreting how sounds, images, body language and language choices in texts such as songs and films carry Italian values, for example what aspects of the film, in La vita è bella convey the importance of love and family in Italian culture

  VCITC121 | Languages | Italian | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCSSU120

  The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the diversity of living things and is supported by a range of scientific evidence

  Elaborations

  • describing biodiversity as a function of evolution
  • outlining processes involved in natural selection including variation, isolation and selection
  • investigating changes caused by natural selection in a particular population as a result of a specified selection pressure, for example, artificial selection in breeding for desired characteristics
  • evaluating and interpreting evidence for evolution, including the fossil record, chemical and anatomical similarities, and the geographical distribution of species

  VCSSU120 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Biological sciences

• VCRAC108

  Respond to aspects of imaginative texts such as character, ideas, events and setting by expressing reactions and opinions, and by modifying aspects

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading and viewing songs, stories, television programs and films with subtitles, and responding by expressing views
  • responding to texts by modifying key aspects, for example, creating a new scene, continuing the story, acting out a scene, or re-creating a video clip using parody
  • comparing and contrasting different creative forms, and considering how ideas and cultural values are represented
  • reading stories such as folktales and discussing ideas and values conveyed (for example, attitudes towards greed, jealousy or loyalty), and considering how these relate to contemporary society and own culture

  VCRAC108 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• Intercultural Capability: Levels 9 and 10 description

  In Levels 9 and 10, the curriculum focus is on developing the knowledge, skills and understandings to engage in complex discussions about interrelationships within and between cultures. This includes the less tangible aspects of culture such as values, attitudes, roles, religious beliefs and ways...

  Level description | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability

• VCARC023

  Respond to imaginative texts such as poems and films, explaining messages and key ideas, stating views on themes, events and values, and making connections with own experiences

  Elaborations

  • responding to ideas presented in various texts, such as poems, films, songs or video clips, by expressing personal opinions, for example,

    الشعر جميل ؛ القصيدة مؤثرة؛ الفيلم غير واقعي؛ يعرض الفيلم مشاكل الشباب مع الأهل؛ الأغنية تعبّر عن الصداقة

  • stating and explaining personal preferences about characters, attitudes and events in texts, using expressions such as

    أفضل شخصية في الفيلم هي سميرة لأنها تعرف ما تريد؛ يحاول الفيلم تشجيع الشباب على الدراسة وهذا ممتاز

  • analysing how people, places and experiences are described in imaginative texts, and comparing how key messages and beliefs are communicated in a variety of texts, such as fables
  • exchanging opinions about typical features and expressive elements of contemporary songs, films or video clips from the Arabic-speaking world and comparing them equivalent texts in English-speaking contexts
  • identifying emotional aspects of texts and analysing elements of language that convey emotions and values
  • reading texts such as biographies and critically reflecting on others’ experiences and relating them to their own
  • analysing and evaluating lyrics of contemporary Arabic songs, identifying themes, messages and cultural aspects
  • discussing how social issues, for example, relationships, wealth and poverty and change, and values, such as honesty, are portrayed in imaginative texts such as films, songs and poems

  VCARC023 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating

• VCARC176

  Explore a range of imaginative texts, analysing themes, values and techniques, and discussing how aspects of language and culture help create particular effects

  Elaborations

  • listening to, reading and viewing a range of imaginative texts, including digital, online or multimodal texts, such as short stories, films and poetry, identifying technical aspects and analysing elements of language that convey emotions and values
  • reading texts such as poems and short stories, analysing the main messages the author wishes to convey and discussing the values presented in the texts and connecting them to their own experiences
  • analysing and evaluating the lyrics of contemporary Arabic songs, identifying themes, messages and cultural aspects expressed through language
  • discussing how texts such as short films or video clips portray social issues such as relationships, wealth and poverty and cultural change, and values such as honesty and equality

  VCARC176 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Creating