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• VCGGK152

  Different ways of measuring and mapping human wellbeing and development, and how these can be applied to measure differences between places

  Elaborations

  • examining and comparing different concepts of human wellbeing, including those held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
  • identifying and evaluating different ways of measuring wellbeing, such as per capita income or the UN Human Development Index, and applying them to investigate spatial variations in human wellbeing and comparing the results from different measures
  • examining the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and their relationship to human wellbeing
  • identifying trends in human wellbeing in countries over time

  VCGGK152 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Geographies of human wellbeing

• VCHPEM160

  Reflect on how fair play and ethical behaviour can influence the outcomes of movement activities

  Elaborations

  • participating in competitions where players rather than an independent official are responsible for applying the rules
  • discussing the role in promoting fairness and ethical behaviour in sport of organisations such as the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority, sporting tribunals, Australian Human Rights Commission and the Court of Arbitration for Sport
  • reflect on how equitable participation in group activities can influence outcomes in physical activity
  • investigating the impact of performance-enhancing drugs on individuals and sporting codes

  VCHPEM160 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 9 and 10 | Movement and Physical Activity | Learning through movement

• VCJAU194

  Understand how sophistication in expression can be achieved by the use of a variety of verb and adjective conjugations

  Elaborations

  • further developing metalanguage to describe and increase control of grammatical concepts and language elements and to organise learning resources such as verb charts and lists of vocabulary and sentence structures
  • understanding and applying the rules of the plain form, and knowing that the basic form of all Japanese verbs ends in -u, -eru or -iru, the forms they are listed under in dictionaries
  • understanding that verbs can be divided into three groups according to the way they are conjugated: Group 1 (five-step verbs), Group 2 (one-step verbs) and Group 3 (irregular verbs)
  • using character charts as a systematic framework for recognising patterns for verb conjugation, and applying the formation rules of each verb group
  • using verb て form to connect events, for example, 朝(あさ)おきてジョギングをします。
  • understanding and using the different functions of verb て form
  • using present continuous tense using verb ています, for example, ラジオを聞いています。
  • requesting and giving permission and expressing prohibition using verb て form, for example, ～てもいいです。～てはいけません。～てはだめです。
  • using verb stems with grammatical features such as ～かった。～やすい／にくいです。～に行きます。
  • exploring how to use plain forms in authentic contexts such as conversations with peers, for example, 食べる？　見る？
  • expressing opinions, intentions and thoughts using the plain form, for example:
    • plain verb つもりです。
    • verb /adjective とおもいます。
    • ～たり～たりします。
  • using い and な adjectives in present and past tenses, for example:
    • おいしい ◊ おいしかったです。
    • たのしくない ◊ たのしくなかったです。
    • しずかな ◊ しずかでした。
  • using adverbs and intensifiers such as かなり, ぜんぜん, たいてい
  • sequencing actions, for example, 朝おきてジョギングをします。
  • increasing cohesion within paragraphs by using conjunctions, for example, ですから
  • indicating the status of actions using adverbs such as まだ and もう
  • understanding the concept of uchi-soto (内(うち)と外(そと)) for making appropriate choices of register, for example, 食べる？食べますか？

  VCJAU194 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRC077

  Create a range of bilingual texts for a variety of purposes and audiences, reflecting on how meaning can be conveyed effectively

  Elaborations

  • creating bilingual texts for speakers of the target language in Australia, for example, leaflets promoting the arrival of a famous performer or sports team from a country where the language is spoken
  • creating bilingual texts, such as a children’s story to read to primary school children and comparing aspects of language and culture and discussing with peers and teachers how meaning can be conveyed effectively
  • producing bilingual texts such as articles and brochures for different contexts and purposes, and reflecting on the process of working in both the target language and English for example, an information leaflet for exchange students coming to Australia or for a student study tour to a place where the target language is spoken
  • corresponding with peers who speak the language being studied to compare experiences and attitudes, making choices about how to represent intended meaning, for example, exchanging views and opinions about school subjects and future aspirations

  VCNRC077 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCSIS134

  Formulate questions or hypotheses that can be investigated scientifically, including identification of independent, dependent and controlled variables

  Elaborations

  • formulating questions that can be investigated within the scope of the classroom or field with available resources
  • developing ideas from students' own or others' investigations and experiences to investigate further
  • revising and refining research questions to target specific information and data collection or finding a solution to the specific problem identified

  VCSIS134 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Inquiry Skills | Questioning and predicting

• VCSSU131

  The interaction of magnets can be explained by a field model; magnets are used in the generation of electricity and the operation of motors

  Elaborations

  • investigating the action at a distance or the field model around magnets of different shapes
  • investigating the movement of a magnet and a wire to produce electricity
  • investigating the effect of a magnet on a current from a battery to produce movement

  VCSSU131 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU133

  The description and explanation of the motion of objects involves the interaction of forces and the exchange of energy and can be described and predicted using the laws of physics

  Elaborations

  • recognising that a stationary object, or a moving object with constant motion, has balanced forces acting on it
  • gathering data to analyse everyday motion produced by forces, for example, measurements of distance and time, velocity, mass, acceleration and force
  • investigating the effects of applying different forces, including Earth's gravitational force, to familiar objects

  VCSSU133 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCSSU129

  The Universe contains features including galaxies, stars and solar systems; the Big Bang theory can be used to explain the origin of the Universe

  Elaborations

  • identifying the evidence supporting the Big Bang theory, for example, Edwin Hubble’s observations and the detection of microwave radiation
  • recognising that the age of the Universe can be derived by applying knowledge of the Big Bang theory
  • describing how the evolution of the Universe, including the formation of galaxies and stars, has continued since the Big Bang

  VCSSU129 | Science | Levels 9 and 10 | Science Understanding | Earth and space sciences

• VCZHC071

  Translate a range of Chinese texts and identify how some concepts can be readily translated between Chinese and English and some do not

  Elaborations

  • identifying core values implicit in interactions in Chinese and explaining these to English speakers, for example, describing the language of celebration, including the origins, significance and meanings of commonly used expressions such as 福如东海、年年有余
  • describing interactions, showing consideration of 面子, and discussing the differences in the significance of 面子 when the interaction occurs interculturally
  • interpreting key ideas conveyed in Chinese texts, discussing how to maintain the sentiment and intention of authors when retelling or summarising these in English, and understanding why this is important in translation
  • reading everyday Chinese texts encountered in shop brochures, product packaging and advertising; identifying challenges involved in conveying meaning in English; and explaining word choices and textual features employed to enhance meaning

  VCZHC071 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELU033

  Understand how the Greek language has evolved, and how it continues to change over time due to processes such as globalisation, migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • exploring how the Greek language has been influenced by migration, for example, the use of non-Greek words such as τα μπίλια instead of οι λογαριασμοί as an Australian phenomenon
  • examining how technology has influenced the Greek language, for example, σκανάρω, το μπλογκ, σερφάρω
  • discussing how changes to the Greek language reflect changes in some cultural practices and attitudes, for example, το έτοιμο φαγητό
  • exploring the impact of globalisation on Greek language use, such as the increased use of English words, such as blog, computer, mobile/cell phone, parking

  VCELU033 | Languages | Modern Greek | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGGC129

  Identify, analyse and explain significant interconnections within places and between places over time and at different scales, and evaluate the resulting changes and further consequences

  Elaborations

  • evaluating the effects of international demand for food products on biodiversity throughout the world, in the places of their production
  • using the concept of a system to examine the interconnections between biophysical processes and the human actions, and their underlying causes, that generate environmental change, together with the consequences of these changes
  • identifying the biomes in Australia and overseas that produce some of the foods and plant material people consume and ways that the production of food and fibre has altered some biomes through, for example, vegetation clearance
  • examining how a person’s wellbeing is influenced by where they live, with reference to at least two different scales in a country of the Asia region
  • exploring how transport networks operate to connect people to services, including how supply chain logistics influence these connections

  VCGGC129 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCGGK135

  The interconnection between food production and land and water degradation; shortage of fresh water; competing land uses; and climate change, for Australia and other areas of the world

  Elaborations

  • exploring environmental challenges to food production from land degradation (soil erosion, salinity, desertification), industrial pollution, water scarcity and climate change
  • identifying the impacts on food production from competing land uses. For example, urban and industrial uses, mining, production of food crops for biofuels, production of food crops for livestock, and recreation (such as golf courses)
  • evaluating whether some ways of increasing food production could threaten sustainability

  VCGGK135 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 9 and 10 | Geographical Knowledge | Biomes and food security

• VCHHK132

  Significant effects of the Industrial Revolution, including global changes in landscapes, movements of people, development and influence of ideas, political and social reforms, and transport and communication

  Elaborations

  • describing the effects of factories, mines and cities on the environment, and on population growth and distribution
  • outlining the growth of trade unions as a response to the effects of the Industrial Revolution
  • investigating and explaining the emergence and the influence of individuals and/or groups on key ideas in the period, with a particular focus on one of the following: capitalism, socialism, egalitarianism, nationalism, imperialism, Darwinism or Chartism

  VCHHK132 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The making of the modern world | Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914)

• VCHHK155

  Effects of methods used by civil rights activists to achieve change for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and the role of one individual or group in the struggle

  Elaborations

  • investigating the role of Charles Perkins in the Freedom Ride of 1965 and the efficacy of television in bringing the struggle for rights and freedoms to national attention
  • investigating the role of Vincent Lingiari in leading the 1966 Wave Hill walk-off and the significance of this event's contribution to causing the Aboriginal land rights movement

  VCHHK155 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | Rights and freedoms (1945 – the present)

• VCHHK157

  Effects of significant post-World War II world events and developments on one major global influence that shaped change in Australian society

  Elaborations

  • Popular culture
    • examining how post World War II effected popular culture in Australia, including music, film and sport
    • identifying sports that were popular in Australia such as football, horse racing, cricket
  • Environment movement
    • discussing the effects of nuclear warfare and M.A.D in raising concerns about the environment
    • explaining reason why the United Kingdom conducted 12 major nuclear weapons tests in Australia between 1952 and 1957 at the Montebello Islands, Emu Field and Maralinga and why opposition to the testing grew in the 1950’s
  • Migration experiences
    • investigating the nature of the waves of migration such as the countries that were the source of migrants, the numbers of migrants from those countries, and trends in migration since World War II, such as increasing migration from the Asian region to Australia
  • Political Crisis
    • examining how the post war ideologies and fears of the cold war influenced change in Australian society, such as the Korean War and Vietnam War
    • explaining the influence of McCarthyism and the significance of the Petrov Affair in shaping Australian society
    • investigating how changing political ideologies influenced change, such as Labor’s win in 1972 and the causes of the Whitlam Dismissal in 1975

  VCHHK157 | The Humanities | History | Levels 9 and 10 | Historical Knowledge | The modern world and Australia | The globalising world

• VCHIU090

  Understand that Hindi language and associated cultures are inter-related, that they shape and are shaped by each other and that their relationship changes over time and across contexts

  Elaborations

  • identifying words such as अहिंसा, धर्म-कर्म that carry cultural connotations and may be differently used and understood by people in different cultural contexts
  • tracking changes in Hindi language forms and usage over different times and contexts, for example, मोटरगाड़-कार
  • identifying compound words used in contemporary Hindi that fuse Hindi and English to capture trends, convey concepts and engage with intercultural experience, for example, tension mat lo, accent maarna
  • identifying changes in Hindi that reflect the impact of globalisation and transcultural experience, such as the mixing of languages and the adoption of practices associated with different communities and cultures
  • analysing the relationship between language and culture by examining a concept such as that of शुभमुहुर्त, for example, मोहन और गीता की सगाई के शुभ अवसर पर आपकी परिवार सहित उपस्थिति प्रार्थनीय है

  VCHIU090 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHIU124

  Understand that languages and associated cultures shape and are shaped by each other and change over time and contexts in ways that are creative, dynamic and responsive to both internal and external influences

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on their own and each other’s use of Hindi, identifying influences from other languages and cultures such as terms used in everyday language as a result of the influence of social media, popular culture and technology
  • talking with older members of their families or communities about changes they have experienced in the use of Hindi across their lifetime, such as the increasing blending of English and Hindi in particular domains of language use such as entertainment, news and sports commentary and advertising
  • recognising that Hindi, like all languages, carries histories of contact with other languages and cultures, for example, by identifying and classifying words that originate in languages such as Persian सरकार; Arabic तलाक़; Turkish क़ुली; and Japanese रिक्शा
  • understanding that languages and cultures change continuously due to contact with each other and in response to new ideas, developments in technology, communication and design, considering why some types of words and expressions are most frequently borrowed, such as vocabulary associated with fashion, sport and technology
  • identifying ways in which social media and technology have brought about changes in communication in their own lives, for example, by compiling a glossary of terms routinely used in emails or text messages, such as अब (ATM), फिर मिलेंगे CU, जाना होगा (G2G), हे हे (LOL), फिर बात करते हैं (TTL)

  VCHIU124 | Languages | Hindi | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU030

  Understand the intonation and phrasing patterns of spoken Japanese; and recognise that most kanji have more than one ‘reading’ and that the pronunciation changes according to kanji compounds

  Elaborations

  • understanding that some new notations have been devised over the years to account for the sounds of loan words, for example, ティ、 ヴィ、 ヴ
  • recognising and applying the basic pattern of intonation in Japanese, marked by the formation of a downturning curve
  • identifying the characteristic of rising intonation when asking questions in plain or ましょう form, for example, 行く？ 行きましょうか？
  • understanding how to make appropriate pauses in a sentence, dividing the sentence into cohesive chunks to allow for the use of あいづち
  • understanding that changes occur in kanji readings, for example, 一月(がつ)、 月(げつ)曜日

  VCJAU030 | Languages | Japanese | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU118

  Understand how the language being studied has evolved, and how it continues to change over time due to processes such as globalisation, migration, and the influence of technology and popular culture

  Elaborations

  • exploring how the language has been influenced by migration
  • examining how technology has influenced the language being studied
  • discussing how changes to the language reflect changes in some cultural practices and attitudes
  • exploring the impact of globalisation on the language, such as the increased use of English words

  VCNRU118 | Languages | Non-Roman Alphabet Languages | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCASFC236

  Engage in various collaborative tasks that involve making decisions, solving problems and evaluating progress

  Elaborations

  • participating in visits to a Deaf club or organisation and sharing responsibility for individual elements of a report that highlights key features of the experience
  • working with peers to solve problems, such as how to use video editing and/or captioning programs
  • working with a team to plan a fundraising event or a promotional display for Auslan at an open day/night and evaluating the experience to improve subsequent planning and organisation
  • assuming the role of a chairperson managing a small group discussion and conducting decision-making processes
  • contributing to the solving of hypothetical scenarios using conditionals, for example designing questions for a job interview such as:
    PRETEND SOMEONE DS:one-person-approach-other BLAST, PRO2 D-O WHAT?
    Pretend someone approaches you and tells you off; what will you do?
    I-F PRO2 BOSS PRO2 WILL CHANGE WHAT?
    What would you change if you were boss?

  VCASFC236 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 9 and 10 | Communicating | Socialising