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• VCMNA151

  Investigate and use the properties of odd and even numbers

  Elaborations

  • using the four operations with pairs of odd or even numbers or one odd and one even number, then using the relationships established to check the accuracy of calculations

  VCMNA151 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA157

  Investigate equivalent fractions used in contexts

  Elaborations

  • exploring the relationship between families of fractions (halves, quarters and eighths or thirds and sixths) by folding a series of paper strips to construct a fraction wall

  VCMNA157 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCMNA156

  Develop efficient mental and written strategies and use appropriate digital technologies for multiplication and for division where there is no remainder

  Elaborations

  • using known facts and strategies, such as commutativity, doubling and halving for multiplication, and connecting division to multiplication when there is no remainder

  VCMNA156 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA155

  Recall multiplication facts up to 10 × 10 and related division facts

  Elaborations

  • using known multiplication facts to calculate related division facts
  • using strategies to recall the multiplication facts
  • extending multiplication facts (for example 4 by 7 is 28 so 4 by 7 tens is 28 tens)

  VCMNA155 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA161

  Explore and describe number patterns resulting from performing multiplication

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of number patterns in everyday life

  VCMNA161 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VCMNA163

  Use equivalent number sentences involving addition and subtraction to find unknown quantities

  Elaborations

  • writing number sentences to represent and answer questions such as: ‘When a number is added to 23 the answer is the same as 57 minus 19. What is the number?’
  • using partitioning to find unknown quantities in number sentences

  VCMNA163 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VCMNA162

  Solve word problems by using number sentences involving multiplication or division where there is no remainder

  Elaborations

  • representing a word problem as a number sentence
  • writing a word problem using a given number sentence

  VCMNA162 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VCMNA160

  Solve problems involving purchases and the calculation of change to the nearest five cents with and without digital technologies

  Elaborations

  • recognising that not all countries use dollars and cents, eg India uses rupees.
  • carrying out calculations in another currency as well as in dollars and cents, and identifying both as decimal systems

  VCMNA160 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Money and financial mathematics

• VCMNA164

  Define a simple class of problems and solve them using an effective algorithm that involves a short sequence of steps and decisions

  Elaborations

  • constructing and applying an algorithm for multiplication of two-digit numbers
  • partitioning and ordering a set of Australian coins by denomination

  VCMNA164 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VC2M4P02

  conduct repeated chance experiments to observe relationships between outcomes in games and other chance situations, and identify and describe the variation in results

  Elaborations

  • playing games such as noughts-and-crosses or First to 20 and deciding if it makes a difference who goes first and whether you can use a particular strategy to increase your chances of winning
  • recording and ordering the outcomes of experiments using different physical or virtual random generators such as coins, dice and a variety of spinners
  • experimenting with tossing 2 coins at the same time, recording and commenting on the chance of outcomes after a number of tosses
  • shuffling a set of cards, drawing a card at random, and recording whether it was a spade, club, diamond or heart, or a picture card or numbered card; and repeating the experiment a number of times and discussing the results

  VC2M4P02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Probability

• VC2M4P01

  describe possible everyday events and the possible outcomes of chance experiments and order outcomes or events based on their likelihood of occurring; identify independent or dependent events

  Elaborations

  • using lists of events familiar to students and ordering them from ‘least likely’ to ‘most likely’ to occur; and considering and discussing why the order of some events might be different for different students
  • predicting the outcome of a coin toss after 5 heads have been tossed in a row, discussing the assertion that because so many heads came up, it is more likely that a tail rather than a head will come up next; and discussing with reasons why this assertion is correct or incorrect
  • predicting how likely it is – from least likely to most likely – that they would select a red ball from a bag containing 10 red balls and 5 white balls, from a bag containing 20 of each, or from a bag that has 25 red balls and 20 white balls, justifying their decision
  • identifying school activities where the chance of them taking place is affected by the chance of other events occurring; for example, given that there is a high chance of a storm on Friday, there is only a small chance that the coastal dune planting project will go ahead
  • listing the outcomes of everyday chance situations and identifying where one cannot happen if the other happens; for example, discussing that it cannot be hot and cold at the same time, or selecting a card from a deck and discussing if it is red it cannot be a spade or a club
  • identifying different dependent events where the chance of one outcome occurring will be affected by the occurrence of other outcomes and different independent events where the chance of one outcome occurring will not be affected by the occurrence of other outcome(s)

  VC2M4P01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Probability

• VC2M4SP01

  explain and compare the geometric properties of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects

  Elaborations

  • describing the similarities and differences between two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects
  • recognising two-dimensional shapes that are the faces for three-dimensional objects such as prisms, pyramids and platonic solids (including tetrahedrons, cubes and dodecahedrons)

  VC2M4SP01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Space

• VC2M4SP04

  recognise line and rotational symmetry of shapes and create symmetrical patterns and pictures, using dynamic geometry software where appropriate

  Elaborations

  • identifying rotational symmetry of shapes by tracing around various shapes and objects to create an image, and using the image to test and record which different rotations result in the same image
  • using dynamic geometry software to manipulate shapes and create symmetrical patterns; for example, creating tessellation patterns that are symmetrical
  • using stimulus materials such as the motifs in Central Asian textiles, Tibetan artefacts, Indian lotus designs and Islamic artwork to investigate and discuss line and rotational symmetry
  • exploring the natural environment on Country/Place to investigate and discuss patterns and symmetry of shapes and objects such as in flowers, plants and landscapes

  VC2M4SP04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Space

• VCMSP175

  Describe possible everyday events and order their chances of occurring

  Elaborations

  • using lists of events familiar to students and ordering them from ‘least likely’ to ‘most likely’ to occur

  VCMSP175 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Statistics and Probability | Chance

• VCMSP177

  Identify events where the chance of one will not be affected by the occurrence of the other

  Elaborations

  • explaining that the probability of a new baby being either a boy or a girl does not depend on the sex of the previous baby

  VCMSP177 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Statistics and Probability | Chance

• VCMSP176

  Identify everyday events where one cannot happen if the other happens

  Elaborations

  • using examples such as weather, which cannot be dry and wet at the same time

  VCMSP176 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Statistics and Probability | Chance

• VCMSP179

  Construct suitable data displays, with and without the use of digital technologies, from given or collected data. Include tables, column graphs and picture graphs where one picture can represent many data values

  Elaborations

  • exploring ways of presenting data and showing the results of investigations
  • investigating data displays using many-to-one correspondence

  VCMSP179 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCMSP178

  Select and trial methods for data collection, including survey questions and recording sheets

  Elaborations

  • comparing the effectiveness of different methods of collecting data
  • choosing the most effective way to collect data for a given investigation

  VCMSP178 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCMSP180

  Evaluate the effectiveness of different displays in illustrating data features including variability

  Elaborations

  • interpreting data representations in the media and other forums in which symbols represent more than one data value
  • suggesting questions that can be answered by a given data display and using the display to answer questions

  VCMSP180 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VC2M4SP03

  create and interpret grid reference systems using grid references and directions to locate and describe positions and pathways

  Elaborations

  • interpreting a grid reference map of a familiar location of interest, such as a map of the showgrounds, a food festival, botanical garden, a park in the local area or a train station, and writing instructions using grid references for a friend to find them at a specified location
  • recognising that a spreadsheet uses a grid reference system, locating and entering data in cells, and using a spreadsheet to record data collected through observations or experiments
  • comparing and contrasting, describing and locating landmarks, people or things in a bird’s-eye picture of a busy scene, such as people in a park, initially without a transparent grid reference system overlaid on the picture and then with the grid overlaid; and noticing how the grid helps to pinpoint things quickly and easily
  • using different-sized grids as a tool to enlarge an image or artwork

  VC2M4SP03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Space