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• Chinese - Second Language Learner - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students use spoken and written Chinese in simple personal interactions with familiar participants about self, family, people, places, routine, school life, and their own interests and preferences, for example, 你叫什么名字？ 你上几年级？ 你有狗吗？ 你喜欢什么运动？ They use appropriate pronunciation...

  Level description | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Roman Alphabet Languages - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students engage in classroom routines and structured interactions with teachers and peers. They reproduce a range of the sounds of the language. Students follow instructions, make requests and respond with actions. They respond to questions, often by using a simple phrase...

  Level description | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• VCPSCSO021

  Describe the ways in which similarities and differences can affect relationships

  Elaborations

  • thinking about someone you admire and explore whether there are similarities or differences between yourself and that person
  • reading a story to enable students to discuss similarities and differences and the affect on relationships
  • discussing the statement ‘Differences can contribute to good relationships’

  VCPSCSO021 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Social Awareness and Management | Relationships and diversity

• VCSSU059

  A change of state between solid and liquid can be caused by adding or removing heat

  Elaborations

  • investigating how liquids and solids respond to changes in temperature, for example water changing to ice, or melting chocolate
  • exploring how changes from solid to liquid and liquid to solid can help us recycle materials

  VCSSU059 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Chemical sciences

• Japanese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 description

  Students recognise the predictable nature of pronunciation in Japanese and apply their knowledge of sound–letter associations to spell new words. They recognise and use elements of grammar including simple verb forms, adjectives, interrogatives and some particles to understand and create...

  Level description | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence

• VCSSU063

  Heat can be produced in many ways and can move from one object to another; a change in the temperature of an object is related to the gain or loss of heat by the object

  Elaborations

  • describing how heat can be produced, for example, through friction or by burning
  • exploring how heat can be transferred through conduction
  • recognising that we can feel heat and measure its effects using a thermometer

  VCSSU063 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VC2M4ST01

  acquire data for categorical and discrete numerical variables to address a question of interest or purpose using digital tools; represent data using many-to-one pictographs, column graphs and other displays or visualisations; interpret and discuss the information that has been created

  Elaborations

  • investigating many-to-one data displays using digital tools and graphical software, interpreting and discussing key features
  • understanding that data can be represented with one symbol representing more than one piece of data, and that it is important to read all information about a representation before making judgements
  • constructing graphs of data collected through observation during science experiments, recording, interpreting and discussing the results in terms of the scientific study
  • acquiring samples of data using practical activities, observations or repeated chance experiments; recording data using tally charts, digital tables or spreadsheets; and graphing, discussing and comparing the results using a column graph
  • using secondary data of fire burns to construct data displays that assist Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander ranger groups and other groups to care for Country/Place

  VC2M4ST01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Statistics

• VCDEU136

  Make connections between culture and language use, for example, by identifying vocabulary and expressions that reflect cultural values, traditions or practices

  Elaborations

  • comparing terms across German-speaking cultures, for example, Liebchen/Liebling, mein Schatz, Spitznamen
  • recognising that language carries cultural ideas, for example, Sommerbeginn, which is officially 1 December in Australia but 21/22 June in Europe; hitzefrei (‘heat-free’), referring to the practice of dismissing students early from school if a certain temperature is reached or forecast; or Wald, the setting in many German fairy tales
  • recognising character traits and values, such as those of animal characters in German stories, for example, the wolf in Rotkäppchen, and comparing them with familiar Australian stories
  • learning how to communicate about culture and language using terms such as ‘meaning’, ‘difference’ and ‘behaviour’
  • discussing parallel expressions such as ‘G’day’/Tag, ‘morning tea’/Kaffeepause and ‘Bless you’/Gesundheit

  VCDEU136 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCLVU171

  Explore connections between identity and cultural values and beliefs and the expression of these connections in Aboriginal languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding the role of Aboriginal languages and cultures in caring for Country/Place and the environment
  • investigating how Aboriginal peoples express their relationship with the natural environment through language, for example, words/expressions associated with seasons, stars, winds, reefs, rivers, waterholes, plants and animals
  • gaining understanding through discussions with respected community members of the importance and significance of Welcome to Country/Place
  • understanding that Aboriginal languages are keeping places for cultural, environmental and social knowledge
  • recognising that song and song language play a central role as keeping places of knowledge
  • understanding that Aboriginal languages have a rich oral literature, which recounts epic journeys and events associated with totemic ancestors/cultural heroes, and that these stories map the land and embody values and mores of Aboriginal cultures
  • understanding and discussing the importance of story and the role of story-telling in transmitting language and culture
  • recognising ways in which cultural values are expressed in language, for example, through forms of address, speech prohibitions and styles, language of respect, land–language associations and non-verbal communicative behaviours
  • observing that concepts may be culture-specific, for example, expressing spatial awareness, how relationships are structured, how time and quantity are expressed, how land, water, sea and sky are viewed
  • recognising that Aboriginal languages have various social, spiritual and cultural functions within communities

  VCLVU171 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VC2M4A01

  find unknown values in numerical equations involving addition and subtraction, using the properties of numbers and operations

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating the commutative properties of addition using materials, diagrams and number lines; for example, using number lines to demonstrate that 5 + 2 = 2 + 5, and demonstrating that 2 + 2 + 3 = 7 and 2 + 3 + 2 = 7 and 3 + 2 + 2 = 7
  • using balance scales and informal uniform units to create addition or subtraction number sentences showing equivalence, such as 7 + 8 = 6 + 9, and to find unknowns in equivalent number sentences, such as 6 + 8 = □ + 10
  • using relational thinking and knowledge of equivalent number sentences to explain whether equations involving addition or subtraction are true; for example, explaining that 27 − 14 = 17 − 4 is true and using a number line to show the common difference is 13

  VC2M4A01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Algebra

• VC2M4N01

  recognise and extend the application of place value to tenths and hundredths and use the conventions of decimal notation to name and represent decimals

  Elaborations

  • using a bar to represent the whole, dividing it into 10 equal pieces with each piece representing 0.1 or one-tenth of the whole length and understanding that 2 pieces are 0.2 or two-tenths of the whole
  • using materials to show the multiplicative relationship between the whole, tenths and hundredths; for example, using a bundle of 10 straws to represent the whole, one straw as the tenth, and cutting the tenth into 10 parts to show the hundredths; or using deci-pipes to represent tenths
  • recognising that one is the same as ten-tenths and one-tenth is the same as ten-hundredths and using this relationship to rename decimals; for example, renaming 0.25 as two-tenths and five-hundredths or twenty-five-hundredths
  • making models of measurement attributes to show the relationship between the base unit and parts of the unit, for example, 1.5 metres is one metre and five-tenths of the next metre; 1.75 units is one unit and seventy-five-hundredths of the next unit
  • counting large quantities of mixed notes and coins, writing the total using dollars and cents, and recognising the cents as parts of the next dollar
  • comparing the way money and measures are read and said, and explaining how they are the same and different; for example, explaining that $2.75 is said ‘two dollars seventy-five’ and 2.75 metres is said ‘two point seven five metres’, and recognising that the 7 means seven-tenths and the 5 means five-hundredths in both

  VC2M4N01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Number

• VCMNA153

  Apply place value to partition, rearrange and regroup numbers to at least tens of thousands to assist calculations and solve problems

  Elaborations

  • recognising and demonstrating that the place-value pattern is built on the operations of multiplication or division of tens

  VCMNA153 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMSP180

  Evaluate the effectiveness of different displays in illustrating data features including variability

  Elaborations

  • interpreting data representations in the media and other forums in which symbols represent more than one data value
  • suggesting questions that can be answered by a given data display and using the display to answer questions

  VCMSP180 | Mathematics | Level 4 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCHPEP091

  Identify and practise strategies to promote health, safety and wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • identifying how medications and other substances can be stored safely in the home and at school
  • examining their own eating patterns by researching The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and identifying healthier food choices
  • proposing changes they can make to their daily routines to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity levels
  • explore and practise strategies that could be used to make the home and school environment safer
  • identifying and practising ways of behaving in the playground that ensure the safety of themselves and others

  VCHPEP091 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 3 and 4 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• French - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students interact with teachers and each other through classroom routines, action-related talk and play. They exchange greetings and wishes, respond to familiar instructions and to questions such as Qu’est-ce que c’est? and Qu’est-ce que tu fais? They share...

  Level description | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• Italian - F–10 Sequence: Levels 3 and 4 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 4, students understand a range of spoken, written, and multimodal texts on familiar topics, including home life, friends and classroom activities. They use Italian to communicate and to interact, for example, to exchange greetings and to address people, using appropriate language...

  Level description | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4

• VCGGK083

  Similarities and differences in individuals’ and groups’ feelings and perceptions about places, and how they influence views about the protection of these places

  Elaborations

  • reading and viewing poems, songs, paintings and stories concerning people’s feelings about places as part of an exploration of the factors that influence views on the protection of places
  • discussing why it is important to protect places that have special significance for people. For example, a wetland, a site sacred to Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples , a national park or a World Heritage site
  • designing actions that people could take to protect and improve places in the local area that people perceive as important and discussing the likely reactions of different groups of people to these ideas

  VCGGK083 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• VCITC030

  Compare experiences, noticing how these are influenced by language and culture and how readily they may be expressed in Italian

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on cultural differences between everyday life in Italy and Australia, for example, asking how their school day would change if they went to primary school in Italy or what they would find interesting about sharing a lunch with an Italian family, and why; and considering what they would tell a visiting Italian child about how their own family celebrates Christmas, and explaining their choices
  • noticing the influence of important events such as religious celebrations on childhood experiences (for example, le lezioni settimanali di catechismo, la Prima Comunione, andare alla Scuola Media) and connecting these to their own experiences
  • recognising similarities in the Italian and Australian schooling systems (for example, la maestra, l’aula, il cortile), and differences (for example, il bidello, la mensa, il giardino, le scale), and noticing that the Italian school day is different for cultural reasons
  • noticing similarities between Australian and Italian cultures in major celebrations like Christmas (l’albero di Natale) and Easter (l’uovo di cioccolata), as well as differences, for example, the presence of il presepe at Christmas, and the presence of la sorpresa dentro all’uovo di cioccolata at Easter
  • noticing how their own language use influences expectations about Italian language use, such as seeing word order as ‘back to front’, for example, la macchina rossa = the red car
  • discussing distinctive social and cultural practices such as celebrations, for example, Santo Stefano, Ferragosto, Carnevale or Pasquetta
  • considering messages in Italian children’s stories and making comparisons with own experiences, for example, Is that the same or different for me? What would I do or say in that particular situation?
  • considering own and others’ cultural assumptions about home, school and leisure, and how these may be different in an Italian context

  VCITC030 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCKOC143

  Share own experiences of communicating and using language/s, noticing how these are influenced by their own culture/s

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on different ways of naming, greeting and addressing someone (for example, by first name ortitle, including (non-)use of honorifics and aspects of body language such as eye contact) and on the issue of appropriateness in both Korean and Australian cultures
  • reflecting on each others’ ways of communicating and their appropriateness in Korean or non-Korean contexts, for example, using 언니/누나 and 오빠/형 for older siblings in Korean versus using their first names in English as terms of address
  • sharing ideas about how some Australian terms and expressions might be understood from a Korean perspective, for example, ‘bushwalking’, ‘kick a footy’ or ‘lamington’

  VCKOC143 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCKOU150

  Understand that languages change over time and influence each other through contact and cultural exchanges

  Elaborations

  • viewing images of the original version of 훈민정음 and recognising that some letters in the original are not used in modern Korean, for example, •, ᅙ, ᅀ
  • reflecting on and discussing which languages Korean might have influenced and might have been influenced by over time, for example,Chinese, Japanese, English, French and Italian

  VCKOU150 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Language variation and change