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• VCRAC027

  Communicate in the language using routine phrases and expressions, recognising that such language reflects cultural practices and norms

  Elaborations

  • recognising differences between the language and English language ways of showing politeness, for example, making requests and expressing gratitude, and recognising what may be viewed as impolite
  • noticing how the students' own language influences expectations about the language, for example, feeling the need to say ‘thank you’ often or perceiving word order as strange compared to English
  • discussing how Australian terms and expressions might be understood from another perspective, for example, ‘bushwalking’ or ‘kick a footy’

  VCRAC027 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCELU136

  Make connections between cultural practices and language use, for example, by identifying vocabulary, behaviours and expressions which reflect cultural values, beliefs and traditions

  Elaborations

  • examining aspects of authentic Greek culture, for example, sugared almonds at weddings and baptisms, βασιλόπιτα,τσουρέκι, their symbolism and the language associated with them
  • understanding concepts and values such as το γλέντι, and η παρέα , το πανηγύρι for example, during Greek festivals, birthdays and name days
  • recognising and explaining to others the significance of some Greek cultural practices sustained over time, for example, reasons for traditional Greek housing and events, for example, offering visitors food and drink, το κέρασμα στη γιορτή
  • experiencing the importance of music and dance in Greek culture, as an expression of identity and emotions (happiness, joy, sadness, national pride)

  VCELU136 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VC2M4N05

  solve problems involving multiplying or dividing natural numbers by multiples and powers of 10 without a calculator, using the multiplicative relationship between the place value of digits

  Elaborations

  • using physical or virtual materials to demonstrate the multiplicative relationship between the places
  • using materials such as place value charts, numeral expanders or sliders to recognise and explain why multiplying by 10 moves the digits one place to the left and dividing by 10 moves digits one place to the right
  • using a calculator or other digital tools to recognise and develop an understanding of the effect of multiplying or dividing numbers by tens, hundreds and thousands, recording sequences in a place value chart, in a table or spreadsheet, generalising the patterns noticed and applying them to solve multiplicative problems without a calculator

  VC2M4N05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Number

• VCNRU034

  Identify vocabulary, behaviours and expressions which reflect cultural values, beliefs and traditions to make connections between cultural practices and language use

  Elaborations

  • examining aspects of the authentic culture of the target language speakers
  • understanding concepts and values as expressed, for example, during festivals, birthdays and special occasions
  • recognising and explaining to others the significance of some cultural practices and events

  VCNRU034 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCTRU034

  Make connections between Turkish language and culture, for example, by identifying words, gestures, forms of address or expressions that reflect cultural values and practices

  Elaborations

  • noticing that languages carry cultural information, for example, by identifying words or expressions used by friends and family members in Turkish, English or other languages which only ‘work’ in that language, for example, Güle güle kullan, Afiyet olsun, Helal olsun, Ellerine sağlık
  • finding examples of forms of address or expressions associated with cultural events that reflect Turkish values and traditions, for example, Dedeciğim iyi bayramlar, Allah kabul etsin
  • noticing how values such as politeness, affection or respect are conveyed in Turkish, for example, by comparing interactions in their family and home community with interactions they observe in non-Turkish speaking families and communities, for example, yavrum, canım, bir tanem, lütfen
  • recognising that in each culture there are general rules about what to say and do, when, where and with whom, and that these rules differ from culture to culture

  VCTRU034 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VC2M4N09

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems that involve additive and multiplicative situations, including financial contexts; formulate the problems using number sentences and choose efficient calculation strategies, using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and communicate...

  Elaborations

  • modelling and solving a range of practical additive problems using materials, part-part-whole diagrams and/or a bar model, and writing addition and/or subtraction number sentences, based on whether a part or the whole is missing; and explaining how each number in their number sentence is connected to the situation
  • modelling practical problems with division, interpreting and representing the situation using a diagram or array to represent what is unknown (the number of groups, or the number per group); and writing a division number sentence to represent the situation and choosing an efficient calculation strategy
  • modelling practical problems involving money (such as a budget for a large event) that require either addition, subtraction, multiplication or division and justifying the choice of operation in relation to the situation
  • modelling and solving multiplication problems involving money, such as buying 5 toy scooters for $96 each, using efficient mental strategies and written jottings to keep track if needed; for example, rounding $96 up to $100 and subtracting 5 × $4 = $20, so 5 × $96 is the same as 5 × $100 less $20, giving the answer $500 − $20 = $480
  • modelling situations by formulating comparison problems using number sentences, comparison models and arrays; for example, ‘Ariana read 16 books for the “readathon”; Maryam read 4 times as many books. How many books did Maryam read?’ using the expression 4 × 16 and using place value partitioning, basic facts and an array, thinking 4 × 10 = 40 and 4 × 6 = 24, so 4 × 16 can be written as 40 + 24 = 64

  VC2M4N09 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 4 | Number

• VCHPEM100

  Examine the benefits of physical activity and physical fitness to health and wellbeing

  Elaborations

  • examining the benefits of regular physical activity, including the influence on sleep, concentration and fitness
  • collecting, recording and organising information to investigate which physical activities people engage in to maintain health, wellbeing and fitness
  • exploring physical activity and screen-usage time recommendations for children and proposing how they can meet these recommendations

  VCHPEM100 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 3 and 4 | Movement and Physical Activity | Understanding movement

• VCASFU158

  Understand that clauses can be enriched through the use of adjectives and adverbs (when, where, how), often produced with non-manual features

  Elaborations

  • exploring different semantic types of verbs in a text, for example by showing how:
    • doing (WALK, WRITE) and saying (TELL, CALL-OUT ANNOUNCE?) verbs in narrative texts give information about a characters’ actions
    • sensing (SEE, THINK) or possessing (BELONG, OWN) verbs indicate what characters think, feel or own
    • relating verbs identify or describe a noun, for example, HAVE in PRO3 HAVE LONG-HAIR
  • understanding how DSs and adverbs can give extra information about an activity
  • noticing that some signs modify the meaning of verbs, such as READ CAREFUL and that these are called adverbs
  • contributing examples of signs that tell
    • when a verb happens (IN-2-WEEKS PRO1 HOLIDAY or WANT LUNCH NOW)
    • where a verb happens (PRO3 RUN FAR or COME HERE)
    • how a verb happens (FAST or SLOW or PRO2 QUICK FINISH)
  • understanding that, in terms of meaning, a basic clause represents: a happening or a state (verb), who or what is involved (noun or nouns) and the surrounding circumstances (adverb or adverbs)
  • knowing that signing involves either telling with signs or showing with DSs and periods of CA
    MAN WALK SLOW
    DS(point):man-walks-slowly
    CA:man-swinging-arms-nonchalantly
    

  VCASFU158 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU032

  Understand that clauses can be enriched through the use of adjectives and adverbs (when, where, how), often produced with non-manual features

  Elaborations

  • exploring different semantic types of verbs in a text, for example by showing how:
    • doing (WALK, WRITE) and saying (TELL, CALL-OUT, ANNOUNCE) verbs in narrative texts give information about a characters’ actions
    • sensing (SEE, THINK) or possessing (THAT’S-TYPICAL-OF-THEM, OWN) verbs indicate what characters think, feel or own
    • relating verbs identify or describe a noun (for example, HAVE in PRO3 HAVE LONG-HAIR)
  • noticing that some signs modify the meaning of verbs, such as READ CAREFUL and that these are called adverbs
  • contributing examples of signs that tell:
    • when a verb happens (IN-2-WEEKS PRO1 HOLIDAY or WANT LUNCH NOW)
    • where a verb happens (PRO3 RUN FAR or COME HERE)
    • how a verb happens (FAST or SLOW or PRO2 QUICK FINISH)
  • noticing that sometimes Auslan signers have information about how a verb happens through NMFs rather than separate signs, for example, WRITE -_carelessly
  • noticing that clauses can be made more vivid by integrating CA or DSs to show with body or hands or by showing adverbial or adjectival meanings
  • understanding that, in terms of meaning, a basic clause represents: a happening or a state (verb), who or what is involved (noun or nouns) and the surrounding circumstances (adverb or adverbs)
  • distinguishing between yes/no questions and wh- questions and noticing that each type of question has different NMFs

  VCASFU032 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCDTDI020

  Recognise different types of data and explore how the same data can be represented in different ways

  Elaborations

  • recognising that numbers, text, images, sounds, animations and videos are all forms of data when stored or viewed using a digital system
  • using a table to reorganise information that includes sentences, and/or words, and/or numbers and/or images
  • recognising representations of different types of data such as waves for sound
  • exploring codes and symbols that are representations of data, for example morse code and semaphore and how similar symbols in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art can represent different concepts depending on the context, for example three circles, drawn as lines, can represent ants, fruit, flowers or eggs depending on the art region

  VCDTDI020 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 3 and 4 | Data and Information

• VCECU004

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including fairness and harm and how they can seem to differ in different situations

  Elaborations

  • testing a proposed definition of fairness as equal treatment by considering whether an older sibling should do more at home or whether there should be special parking places
  • testing a proposed definition of harm as involving a deliberate intention that caused mental or physical suffering, by considering whether an accidental injury to someone on the playground is harmful or whether taking offence to teasing or a joke is a choice
  • exploring the concept of fairness by setting a task where resources are distributed unevenly and reflecting on the desirability of the outcomes

  VCECU004 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding Concepts

• VCELA292

  Understand that the meaning of sentences can be enriched through the use of noun groups/phrases and verb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases

  Elaborations

  • creating richer, more specific descriptions through the use of noun groups/phrases (for example, in narrative texts, ‘their very old Siamese cat’; in reports, 'its extremely high mountain ranges')

  VCELA292 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Writing | Language

• VCHPEP090

  Describe and apply strategies that can be used in situations that make them feel uncomfortable or unsafe

  Elaborations

  • recognising physical responses that indicate they are feeling uncomfortable or unsafe
  • rehearsing assertive behaviours and strong non-verbal communication skills
  • identifying and practising appropriate responses to unsafe situations in relation to drugs and drug use
  • indicating on a local map the location of safe places and people who can help
  • examining protective behaviours to stay safe in different situations, including near water or roads, in the park or when someone makes them feel uncomfortable or unsafe in their home, at schools or in the community

  VCHPEP090 | Health and Physical Education | Levels 3 and 4 | Personal, Social and Community Health | Being healthy, safe and active

• VCPSCSE018

  Identify how persistence and adaptability can be used when faced with challenging situations and change

  Elaborations

  • identifying ways to manage potentially difficult or harmful situations by considering possible actions or choices
  • listing a range of help-seeking strategies to assist them to cope with challenge and change
  • discussing the saying ‘If at first you do not succeed try try again’

  VCPSCSE018 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 3 and 4 | Self-Awareness and Management | Development of resilience

• VCSSU064

  Forces can be exerted by one object on another through direct contact or from a distance

  Elaborations

  • exploring how non-contact forces are similar to contact forces in terms of objects pushing and pulling another object
  • investigating the effect of forces on the behaviour of an object through different actions, for example, throwing, dropping, bouncing and rolling
  • comparing and contrasting the effect of friction on different surfaces, for example, the abrasion of tyres and shoes on a range of surfaces
  • exploring the forces of attraction and repulsion between magnets

  VCSSU064 | Science | Levels 3 and 4 | Science Understanding | Physical sciences

• VCELA303

  Understand that Standard Australian English is one of many social dialects used in Australia, and that while it originated in England it has been influenced by many other languages

  Elaborations

  • identifying words used in Standard Australian English that are derived from other languages, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, and determining if the original meaning is reflected in English usage, for example kangaroo, tsunami, typhoon, amok, orang-utan
  • identifying commonly used words derived from other cultures

  VCELA303 | Curriculum content | English | Level 4 | Speaking and Listening | Language

• VCGGK080

  The many Countries/Places of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples throughout Australia, and the custodial responsibility they have for Country/Place, and how this influences views about sustainability

  Elaborations

  • investigating how the Australian continent was (and still is) divided into many Aboriginal Countries and Torres Strait Islander Places, drawing on languages maps, geographical features and other sources such as Traditional Owners
  • compare the characteristics of two Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Countries/Places. For example, where students live and one elsewhere in Australia
  • exploring how oral traditions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were used to describe Country/Place
  • recognising that the distribution of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples before colonisation was concentrated in more productive areas such as in the coastal and riverine areas of Australia and investigating how Aboriginal people were able to trade across the continent
  • investigating how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ ways of living were adapted to the resources of their Country/Place. For example, the alpine country of the Ngarigo People, the rainforests, beaches and dunes of the KuKu Yalanji People, the desert country of the Arrernte People, the savannah country of the Jawoyn People, the riverine plains of the Wiradjuri People, and the local Country/Place

  VCGGK080 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 3 and 4 | Geographical Knowledge | Diversity and significance of places and environments

• Critical and Creative Thinking: Levels 3 and 4 description

  In Levels 3 and 4, the curriculum focuses on developing the knowledge, skills and understanding to improve and monitor thinking. Students learn and consider the advantages of different thinking techniques. Students learn there are different ways to respond to problems, visualise thinking and think...

  Level description | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking

• VCRAU034

  Make connections between cultural practices and language use, such as specific vocabulary and expressions

  Elaborations

  • noticing how gestures differ between cultures for example ways of beckoning others
  • understanding that meanings of facial expressions can vary across cultures and that the same expression can convey various emotions
  • showing awareness that language carries cultural ideas
  • recognising character traits and values in stories
  • analysing which aspects of own language use might seem ‘strange’ from another perspective and why

  VCRAU034 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCASFU156

  Identify the movement and location of different signs and notice how they combine with handshape to form signs, and understand that Auslan can be videoed and transcribed to assist learning

  Elaborations

  • identifying the location of a sign on the body or in space
  • noticing the five major locations of signs on the body or in space, and identifying signs associated with each, such as SEE (head/face), SAY (mouth/chin), WHY (chest), TALK (hand) and ONE (signing space)
  • recognising that handshapes must be performed in a particular orientation
  • identifying and demonstrating signs with a change in handshape, for example FIND or BEST
  • identifying and demonstrating signs with a change in orientation, for example CAN-NOT or HOW
  • understanding that NMFs can also be an element of a sign and can show emotional states such as a happy expression or grammatical information, for example, a frown to mark a negative
  • identifying single, double and two-handed signs, and recognising which hand is dominant (the pen hand) and which is non-dominant (the paper hand) within two-handed signs
  • comparing iconic signs that provide visual images of referents, such as DRINK, ELEPHANT with English words that map to the sound images of the referents, such as animal noises, or words for sounds such as bang
  • learning to film themselves and analyse the video or to read simple glosses produced by the teacher, and understanding that the English word used is often not an exact match for the meaning of the sign

  VCASFU156 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 3 and 4 | Understanding | Systems of language