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• VCDEU151

  Recognise that there are variations in German as it is used in different contexts by different people, such as formal/informal register and regional variations

  Elaborations

  • using the plural informal ihr when addressing more than one person, for example, Was meint ihr? Hört gut zu!
  • noticing when the more polite Sie is used, for example, by children to unknown adults
  • recognising that there are differences in what people say when answering the family landline or their own mobile phone, for example, Schmidt, Guten Tag! or Hallo Lisa!
  • being aware of some regional variations in German language use, for example, in greetings such as the Swiss Grüezi and Austrian Servus, or the lack of the Eszett in Switzerland
  • comparing diversity in accents, dialects and vocabulary in German-speaking communities with similar diversity in the use of English within and beyond Australia

  VCDEU151 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCDSCD041

  Negotiate criteria for success that include consideration of environmental and social sustainability to evaluate design ideas, processes and solutions

  Elaborations

  • independently and collaboratively using criteria for success to evaluate processes and planning in regard to sustainability considerations
  • evaluating the suitability of materials, tools and equipment for specific purposes
  • reflecting on how well their designed solutions ensure safety and wellbeing of users and consumers and meet the needs of communities and different cultures
  • considering the criteria for success in relation to the benefits and costs of production processes, the environmental impact, future use and application, and social values and ethics of clients
  • evaluating designed solutions from a range of technologies contexts with consideration of ethics and sustainability

  VCDSCD041 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Designed Solutions | Evaluating

• VCDSCD039

  Generate, develop, communicate and document design ideas and processes for audiences using appropriate technical terms and graphical representation techniques

  Elaborations

  • generating a range of design ideas for products, services or environments using prior knowledge, skills and research
  • developing alternative design ideas and considering implications for the future to broaden the appeal and acceptance of design ideas
  • analysing and modifying design ideas to enhance and improve the sustainability of a product, service, environment or system
  • representing and communicating design ideas using modelling and drawing standards including the use of digital technologies, for example scale; symbols and codes in diagrams; pictorial maps and aerial views using web mapping service applications
  • experimenting with materials, tools and equipment to refine design ideas, for example considering the selection of materials and joining techniques to suit the purpose of a product

  VCDSCD039 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Designed Solutions | Generating

• VCDSCD040

  Apply safe procedures when using a variety of materials, components, tools, equipment and techniques to produce designed solutions

  Elaborations

  • matching material and joining techniques to the design intention, for example accurately cutting and sewing the fabric pieces to make a community banner or joining components to produce an electric circuit
  • working safely, responsibly and cooperatively to ensure safe work areas, for example the safe use of equipment when making a water-resistant, floating craft or a model of an environmentally sensitive outdoor shelter
  • using appropriate personal protective equipment required for the use of some tools and equipment, for example protective eyewear
  • manipulating materials with appropriate tools, equipment and techniques, for example when preparing food, cultivating garden beds, constructing products

  VCDSCD040 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Designed Solutions | Producing

• VCDSCD038

  Critique needs or opportunities for designing, and investigate materials, components, tools, equipment and processes to achieve intended designed solutions

  Elaborations

  • exploring the steps involved in the process to satisfy a design brief, need or opportunity
  • investigating designed solutions from around the world to make suitable, quality decisions that meet the design brief, challenge or scenario
  • identifying the importance of complementary parts of working, everyday systems by deconstructing the components, structure and purpose of products, services or environments
  • testing a range of materials, components, tools and equipment to determine the appropriate technologies needed to make designed solutions, for example, a moving vehicle
  • investigating how to minimise material use and manage waste by critiquing the environmental and social impacts of materials, components, tools and equipment

  VCDSCD038 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Designed Solutions | Investigating

• VCDSCD042

  Develop project plans that include consideration of resources when making designed solutions

  Elaborations

  • examining the essential features of existing processes to inform project planning including safe work practices that minimise risk
  • setting milestones for production processes and allocating roles to team members
  • identifying when materials, tools and equipment are required for making the solution
  • outlining the planning and production steps needed to produce a product, service or environment using digital technologies

  VCDSCD042 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Designed Solutions | Planning and managing

• VCDSTC037

  Investigate characteristics and properties of a range of materials, systems, components, tools and equipment and evaluate the impact of their use

  Elaborations

  • identifying the properties of materials for the design and construction of a sustainable household item, for example a product for storing harvested water
  • evaluating the functional properties of a specific-purpose household system, for example a security system
  • examining the materials and systems used in a public use system that affect the way people live, for example a community exercise environment or arts facility, water treatment, garbage collection
  • comparing tools, equipment and techniques to select those most appropriate for a given purpose
  • evaluating the use of computer-aided manufacturing in terms of cost and impacts on local and regional designers, producers and enterprises
  • comparing the design and production of products, services and environments in Australia and a country in the Asia region

  VCDSTC037 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Technologies Contexts | Materials and technologies specialisations

• VCDSTC034

  Investigate how forces or electrical energy can control movement, sound or light in a designed product or system

  Elaborations

  • deconstructing a product or system to discover how movement, sound or light can be controlled, for example deconstructing a torch or buzzer and exploring circuit design
  • investigating the properties of materials to solve problems requiring the control of movement, sound or light, for example directing light through a maze using mirrors
  • investigating how biomimicry can be used by engineers and designers, for example the ways plant and animal adaptations can be copied to solve human challenges, for example the Japanese building Sendai Mediatheque based on seaweed-like tubes
  • recognising the need to carefully plan and select components for a system to perform a specific task
  • producing models using materials, tools and equipment to show how to control movement, sound or light in structures, for example the design of a house with passive solar; the use of optical fibre in directing sunlight; acoustics of recording studios
  • investigating the technologies in a control system for an identified need or opportunity and user, for example a system that allows safe passage at pedestrian crossings

  VCDSTC034 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Technologies Contexts | Engineering principles and systems

• VCDSTC035

  Investigate how and why food and fibre are produced in managed environments

  Elaborations

  • investigating and experimenting with different tools, equipment and methods of preparing soil and the effect on soil quality and sustainability, for example when designing a garden for a community group
  • identifying ways of applying, conserving and recycling nutrients in food and fibre production when designing a sustainable school vegetable garden or cropping area, for example composting and other forms of organic fertilisers
  • considering how low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA) is used in a range of environments including Australia and the countries of Asia
  • describing the relationship between plant types and animal breeds and their environmental suitability when selecting suitable plants or animals for an environment
  • sequencing the process of converting ‘on-farm’ food or fibre products into a product suitable for retail sale, that is, the ‘paddock to plate’ supply chain, or when making yarn or fabric from fibre
  • investigating the use of technologies including digital technologies in the production of food and fibre
  • exploring and comparing the efficiency of different irrigation methods in plant production systems including the use of digital technologies to improve the effectiveness, for example when designing a sustainable irrigation system to be used in a garden

  VCDSTC035 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Technologies Contexts | Food and fibre production

• VCDSTC036

  Investigate the role of food preparation in maintaining good health and the importance of food safety and hygiene

  Elaborations

  • using the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating food model and government-endorsed food policies to plan food choices
  • describing and using safety guidelines for food storage and preparation at home and school, for example, use and care of chopping boards, methods of preparing and storing fruits and vegetables to ensure optimum quality and nutrient content, identifying food safety considerations when bring lunches from home to school
  • experimenting with tools, equipment, combining ingredients and techniques to create food products or meals for selected groups for healthy eating taking into consideration environmental impacts and nutritional benefits
  • considering traditional and contemporary methods of food preparation used in a variety of cultures, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander methods
  • identifying work practices that show an understanding of nutrition, environmental considerations, hygiene and food safety when creating a food product, for example, washing fruit and vegetables carefully to remove residues, safe disposal of cooking oils to avoid environmental damage, refrigerated storage of highly perishable foods

  VCDSTC036 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Technologies Contexts | Food specialisations

• VCDSTS033

  Investigate how people in design and technologies occupations address competing considerations, including sustainability, in the design of solutions for current and future use

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on the features of designed solutions that ensure safety and wellbeing of users, for example smoke alarms
  • evaluating the sustainability implications of materials, systems, components, tools and equipment, for example materials can be recycled or re-used to reduce waste; systems may benefit some, but disadvantage others
  • considering the impact designed solutions have in relation to sustainability and also on local, national, regional and global communities, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and countries in the Asia region
  • reflecting on the importance of aesthetics, function and sustainability in designed solutions, for example, a textile product that gives protection and is appealing, a motor that moves a vehicle and uses a sustainable power source
  • identifying the components of a service or system that contribute to its success and assessing potential risk or failure, for example, communication in the school or communication of a message to a wide audience; a system that manages an aspect of the environment; a campaign such as Clean Up Australia Day in different communities
  • identifying the impact of the designed features of an environment , for example a modification to a home to reduce environmental impact; restoring a natural environment and retaining access for the public

  VCDSTS033 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Technologies and Society

• VCDTCD030

  Define problems in terms of data and functional requirements, drawing on previously solved problems to identify similarities

  Elaborations

  • checking existing solutions to identify features that are transferable to new but similar digital solutions, for example identifying if there are any similarities, such as user age and special requirements, between an existing game and a new game to be created
  • investigating characteristics of user interfaces that are common for particular types of problems, for example, touch screens encourage users to respond more intuitively than keyboards, or the consistent placement of symbols in games to speed up users' responses
  • using and interpreting data, establishing the root cause of a problem, for example using an annotated diagram to identify omissions, duplications or mismatches of data
  • describing in simple terms the nature of a problem and what a solution needs to achieve, for example what need the problem is associated with, who the solution is needed for, what data are needed and what features the solution would need to include

  VCDTCD030 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD034

  Explain how student-developed solutions and existing information systems meet current and future community and sustainability needs

  Elaborations

  • using sustainability criteria to explain how well a student-developed solution meets its requirements, for example personal data are secured (social) and the solution can only be viewed on screen to avoid printing (environmental)
  • explaining why people interact so readily with touch systems, for example touch input requires less dexterity to issue instructions and is designed to be accessible to users through the use of icons
  • imagining how the functioning of one type of information system could be applied in a new way to meet a community need, for example considering how an electronic tracking system such as a global positioning system (GPS) could be used to find people who are lost
  • comparing past and present information systems in terms of economic, environmental and social sustainability, for example comparing energy levels required to store data and purchase devices
  • exploring the ethics and impact of management practices on the use of communication networks, for example internet censorship from a local, national and global perspective and the impact on freedom of access and expression
  • considering practices to save energy and other resources when using information systems, for example switching off when not in use, ensuring electronic devices are in energy-saving mode

  VCDTCD034 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD033

  Develop digital solutions as simple visual programs

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with different options that involve repeat instructions, for example a continually repeating slideshow, a repeated movement in an animation, a repeated calculation in a spreadsheet
  • planning and developing a solution using a visual programming language, for example designing and creating a simple computer game involving decisions and repetitions, suitable for younger children, requiring user input to make selections, taking into account user responses
  • following a design and creating a solution that is interactive, using a visual programming language, for example creating a quiz that provides feedback on responses and allows the user to try again
  • programming a robot to operate independently, for example to find its way out of a maze
  • experimenting with different ways of instructing to make choices and repeat instructions, for example using ‘IF’ statements to allow for making choices and iterations (repeat instructions) until a goal is achieved

  VCDTCD033 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD032

  Design, modify and follow simple algorithms represented diagrammatically and in English, involving sequences of steps, branching, and iteration

  Elaborations

  • following a diagram of a simple method of sorting numbers or words
  • following, modifying and describing the design of a game involving simple algorithms represented diagrammatically or in English, for example creating a flowchart with software that uses symbols to show decisions, processes and inputs and outputs
  • experimenting with different ways of representing an instruction to make a choice, for example branches in a tree diagram or using an ‘IF’ statement to indicate making a choice between two different circumstances using a spreadsheet or a visual program
  • experimenting with different ways of representing an instruction to make a repetition, for example loops in a flowchart diagram or using a ‘REPEAT’ statement
  • designing the instructions for a robot vacuum cleaner to clean a room
  • using different design tools to record ways in which digital solutions will be developed, for example creating storyboards or flowcharts to record relationships or instructions about content or processes

  VCDTCD032 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTCD031

  Design a user interface for a digital system, generating and considering alternative design ideas

  Elaborations

  • exploring different features of user interfaces that allow people from different cultures to access information irrespective of language background, for example using icons and consistently placing icons or symbols in games interfaces to reduce the frustrations of game players
  • applying the principles and elements of design to a set of requirements in order to produce a user interface for a system that addresses an identified need, for example to emphasise or highlight an area of the screen to draw the viewer’s attention to an event or action
  • designing the user interface of a solution using different design tools, for example using a storyboard to outline the stages of a game or a mock-up to show the placement of icons
  • generating alternative design ideas for a user interface, for example sketching different concepts for a splash screen of a game or interactive multimedia experience or designing different user interfaces for people with visibility loss, taking into account size of icons and responsive font size

  VCDTCD031 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCDTDI029

  Plan, create and communicate ideas, information and online collaborative projects, applying agreed ethical, social and technical protocols

  Elaborations

  • applying practices that support the organisation of collaborative problem-solving, for example finding online meeting times that suit all members, and agreeing on ways of protecting files and sharing information digitally with members
  • applying safe practices while participating in online environments, for example checking the default privacy settings to ensure maximum protection of personal details, being aware of online filtering techniques and policies used at school and at home
  • considering ways of managing the use of social media to maintain privacy needs, for example activating privacy settings to avoid divulging personal data such as photographs, addresses and names
  • developing a set of ‘rules’ about appropriate conduct, language and content when communicating online, and using these rules as a basis for resolving ethical dilemmas
  • using digital systems to create web-based information taking into consideration referencing conventions, for example creating a blog, website or online learning space for sharing ideas
  • using a range of communication tools to share ideas and information, for example participating in collaborative online environments

  VCDTDI029 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI027

  Examine how whole numbers are used as the basis for representing all types of data in digital systems

  Elaborations

  • recognising that digital systems represent all types of data using number codes that ultimately are patterns of 1s and 0s
  • explaining that binary represents numbers using 1s and 0s and these represent the on and off electrical states respectively in hardware and robotics
  • recognising that the numbers 0, 1, 2 and 3 could be represented by the patterns of two binary digits of 00, 01, 10 and 11
  • representing whole numbers in binary, for example counting in binary from zero to 15, or writing a friend’s age in binary
  • exploring how division by two can be used as a technique to determine the binary representation of any whole number by collecting remainder terms
  • representing the state of an object in a game as active or inactive using the respective binary values of 1 or 0

  VCDTDI027 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Data and Information

• VCDTDI028

  Acquire, store and validate different types of data and use a range of software to interpret and visualise data to create information

  Elaborations

  • using digital systems to validate data, for example setting data types in a spreadsheet to make sure a date is input correctly
  • selecting and using peripheral devices suitable to the data type, for example using a data probe to collect numeric data about changing soil temperatures for plants, interpreting the data and sharing the results as a digital graph
  • recognising the difference between numerical, text and date formats in spreadsheets
  • using software to automate calculations to help with interpreting data, for example using functions to make arithmetic calculations using multiple cells and summing cell ranges
  • acquiring data from online sources by narrowing the focus, for example filtering data using provided options or performing queries using advanced search functions
  • using data visualisation software to help in interpreting trends, for example uploading data to a web application and building a visualisation of the dataset

  VCDTDI028 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Data and Information

• VCDTDS026

  Examine the main components of common digital systems, and how such digital systems may connect together to form networks to transmit data

  Elaborations

  • describing digital systems as having internal and external components that perform different functions, for example external components for inputting data including keyboard, microphone, stylus; internal processing components include the central processing unit; external output components including speakers, projector, screen; and data and information storage components include cloud and external devices
  • explaining how data may be transmitted between two digital systems in different ways, for example that wires or cables are used in wired networks and radio waves are used to transfer data in wireless or mobile networks
  • investigating how the internal and external components of digital systems are coordinated to handle data, for example how a keyboard, central processing unit and screen work together to accept, manipulate and present data and information
  • identifying different types of networks that allow data to be sent between digital systems, for example wired, wireless and mobile

  VCDTDS026 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Digital Systems