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Result list

• VCTRC036

  Plan shared activities or events, such as a display or presentation, an interview, awareness campaign or virtual shopping expedition

  Elaborations

  • preparing performance texts such as Hacıvat ve Karagöz oyunları, skeçler, piyesler, marşlar, Ramazan manileri, to present to younger students at a community event or school assembly
  • planning and creating displays or resources such as timelines, schedules, posters or appeals for a fundraiser
  • planning for a Turkish-speaking guest by developing an interview schedule using questions such as Kendinizi tanıtır mısınız? Ne tür müzikten hoşlanırsınız?
  • creating interactive learning experiences to encourage children in a buddy class to learn Turkish or to use their existing Turkish language in different domains
  • budgeting for hypothetical shopping expeditions, for example, by consulting online catalogues and websites, comparing prices and values and discussing intended purchases, for example, Bu çok pahalı, İndirimli satışlar varmış, Ay, bu en son çıkan, Bu kelepir!
  • planning a campaign, for example, to introduce healthy Turkish food at the school canteen, raise awareness about pollution or prevent bullying, for example, by creating posters, pamphlets and flyers or by making presentations to school council/board

  VCTRC036 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCTRU048

  Understand how different types of text in Turkish, including prose and verse, create effects to suit different audiences

  Elaborations

  • analysing and comparing language used in particular types of texts, for example, descriptive language in recounts or narratives, persuasive language in advertisements, humorous language in comic verse or puppet theatre plays, instructional language in recipes and manuals, expository language and factual statements in news reports
  • analysing characteristic features of texts that they use and interact with in their everyday lives, for example, the use of abbreviations and emoticons in texting, rhetorical questions in advertisements, numerical terms in recipes and receipts, emotive and rhyming words in song lyrics, headings in blogs and on websites
  • discussing the use of imagery in different kinds of creative or performative texts, identifying how this helps to convey meaning and engage/entertain the audience
  • understanding the cultural significance of features of particular types of texts, such as forms of address and language associated with rituals or celebrations, anonymous or Anatolian stories in the lyrics of türkü songs, the use of dialogue and oaths in Andımız, characterisation in Turkish Nasrettin Hoca ve diğer fıkralar, kukla oyunu and masal, the use of deyimler ve atasözleri in Turkish legends and short stories
  • discussing how poems or song lyrics, such as Arkadaşım Eşşek and Çanakkale Türküsü, create particular moods (özlem ve acıma) and tap into particular emotions by using techniques such as repetition, rhyme and direct forms of address

  VCTRU048 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCTRU051

  Reflect on how communities’ ways of using languages are shaped by values and belief systems, and how these may be differently interpreted by speakers of other languages

  Elaborations

  • understanding that people interpret and respond to intercultural experiences in different ways depending on their own cultural perspectives, recognising the validity of different perspectives and questioning notions of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ ideas or behaviours
  • noticing ways in which the Turkish language reflects values and traditions of Turkish communities, such as Nazar değmesin
  • comparing superstitions across cultures, for example, Yerde uzanan çocukların üzerinden atlama, Geceleyin tırnak kesilmez, tahtaya vurmak, yıldız kayarken dilek tutmak compared to ‘breaking a mirror will bring you seven years of bad luck’, researching their origins and considering their relevance today
  • considering how Turkish interaction patterns around familiar routines such as meal times reflect cultural practices and values associated with family life, food and social relationships, for example, selamlaşma, yemek zamanı-öğünler, sofra adabı
  • identifying examples of Australian values and traditions reflected in ways of communicating that may not be familiar to members of other language communities, for example, ways of addressing people, behaviour and interactions around meal times

  VCTRU051 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCZHC145

  Interact and socialise with peers and known adults, exchanging ideas and opinions about personal experiences and social activities

  Elaborations

  • engaging others in conversation and inviting responses on issues relevant to their lives, such as traditional and modern lifestyles and values, and language learning by asking questions such as 你知道澳大利亚的国宝是什么吗？你觉得什么最好玩？
  • participating in class and school debates, acknowledging others’ opinions and presenting own with examples and personal experiences, for example, 虽然你说得很有道理，但是如果我们再想一想，如果你也经历过… 那么你也会同意…
  • using social media to maintain contact with classmates and record events in everyday life, by keeping a weekly or daily journal or blog, recording highlights of school or home life or leisure activities (for example, 今天我的足球队又输了，真没劲!), or a holiday experience, for example, 袋鼠岛游记
  • describing and elaborating on details of experiences in correspondence, for example, 这次暑假过得很愉快，我们全家去了巴厘岛。在那儿，我们天天在海边，有时候冲浪，有时候散步
  • composing text messages, emails, letters using appropriate formats and employing appropriate terms to address recipient, for example, 敬爱的王老师 (for a formal letter), 嘿，小王，最近好吗 (for a casual letter or message)
  • responding appropriately to invitations, including by accepting and declining, for example, 谢谢你的邀请，祝你生日快乐。但是我星期日要…对不起，不能参加你的聚会。希望你玩得高兴

  VCZHC145 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC038

  Collaborate with peers to plan and conduct shared events or activities such as performances, presentations, demonstrations or transactions

  Elaborations

  • working in teams to plan an event such as a performance for a younger audience or a presentation for school assembly
  • negotiating roles, responsibilities and priorities in activities such as cooking or science experiments, making suggestions such as:
    PRO2 THINK BEST THIS FIRST, FINISH, NEXT THAT
    Do you think we should do this first and when that’s done, that next
    
  • and using conditional language such as:
    IF FINISH, CAN NEXT++, IF NOT-YET HEADSHAKE
    If we finish this we can go on to the others; if we don’t, we can’t.
    
  • organising activities such as excursions, using questions such as:
    WE2 MEET WHERE?
    Where are we meeting?
    TIME MEET?
    What time should we get there?
    ARRIVE HOW?
    How are we getting there?
    
  • using digital technologies to prepare a humorous, dynamic perspective on a controversial proposition, such as ‘Homework should be banned’ to present to teachers or parents
  • playing games that involve working competitively within groups to categorise or classify information
  • problem-solving in teamwork activities, using language such as:
    HOW FIX SOLVE?
    How can we solve this?
    WHAT DO?
    What can we do next?
    
  • planning, rehearsing and producing a performance for school assembly or parent open night
  • working in a group to plan a visual story to present to a younger group at school or via video
  • planning and conducting an interview with a deaf visitor to class, using questions to elicit extra information
  • working on collaborative tasks that involve negotiation and shared decision-making about content and design, for example, designing a class garden, creating digital picture books for ‘buddy’ classes, or promoting a school event
  • conducting, recording and presenting observations and findings of collaborative science experiments

  VCASFC038 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCARC142

  Share responses to a range of imaginative texts, including multimodal and digital texts, such as cartoons, folk tales, fables and films, by expressing opinions on key ideas, characters and actions, and making connections with own experiences and feelings

  Elaborations

  • listening to and viewing imaginative texts in print, digital and multimodal formats, such as cartoons, folk tales and fables, and sharing opinions or feelings about ideas, events and experiences, using expressions such as

    سندباد رجل شجاع؛ علي بابا حرامي ظريف؛ لا أحب قصة علاء الدين والمصباح السحري؛ القصة مملة وغير معقولة؛ القصة فيها خرافات كثيرة؛ قصة المصباح السحري مثيرة لكنها غير واقعية

  • responding to questions about characters in different types of imaginative texts, such as films or cartoons, by listing words or expressions associated with the character’s personality and explaining how they can or cannot relate to them, for example,

    شخصية الولد في الفيلم مثل شخصيتي؛ هو يحب اللعب وأنا كذلك؛ لقد سافر وهو صغير وأنا أيضاً اتيت إلى أستراليا وأنا صغير؛ البنت في الكارتون تحب الثياب الملونة مثلي ولكنها مشاغبة وأنا هادئة وأسمع كلام أمي

  • comparing favourite characters or events in imaginative texts such as cartoons, stories or digital games, using expressions such as

    اللّاعب الأول أقوى من اللّاعب الثاني؛ هذه اللعبة أصعب من اللعبة الأخرى؛ أفضل شخصية في القصة هي صديقة عبير لأنها أكثر واحدة تحب سناء وتساعدها؛ أحب شخصية عندي هي سمير لأنّه مضحك

  • discussing key messages and cultural elements in imaginative texts, such as the moral of a story/fable, an idea or value in a song, or the qualities or behaviour of a character

  VCARC142 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCELU149

  Develop knowledge of grammatical elements such as tenses, combining them with an increasing range of verbs, nouns and adjectives, and use conjunctions to construct and expand sentences

  Elaborations

  • describing present, past and future actions, situations and events using familiar verbs, for example, Παίζω στο σχολείο, Θα διαβάσω αύριο, Κάνει ζέστη σήμερα, Xθες ήταν Τρίτη, Αύριο θα είναι Σάββατο
  • expressing preferences, for example, Μου αρέσει πολύ, Δε μου αρέσει
  • using correct word order to ask questions and make requests, for example, Θέλεις το βιβλίο; Τον λένε Γιώργο;
  • using numbers in different contexts, such as telling the time, stating dates, ordering/shopping, or in simple descriptions, for example, Είναι μία η ώρα, Τα γενέθλιά μου είναι στις 8 Απριλίου, Πέντε κιλά πατάτες παρακαλώ
  • using the plural form of common nouns, for example, το αγόρι, τα αγόρια, η μπανάνα, οι μπανάνες
  • recognising the agreement between nouns, adjectives and gender, for example, Μία μεγάλη τσάντα, δύο μικρές τσάντες, η κόκκινη πόρτα, ο άσπρος γάτος
  • using simple conjunctions such as και, αλλά, γιατί to create compound or complex sentences, for example, in descriptions of self, family, friends, hobbies, for example, Παίζω πιάνο, αλλά μου αρέσει και η κιθάρα
  • expanding vocabulary base by using and recognising common everyday nouns

  VCELU149 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCESC145

  Interact using descriptive and expressive language to share interests, special celebrations and leisure activities, and to express feelings, state preferences and give opinions

  Elaborations

  • thanking, inviting or congratulating one another, for example, Gracias por tu ayuda, ¿Quieres venir a mi fiesta de cumpleaños el sábado? Enhorabuena por tu medalla
  • participating in online exchanges such as video blogs with sister schools to describe and compare routines, interests and activities, using language associated with time, sequence and location, for example, Llego a la escuela a las 8.30 de la mañana, Los jueves por la tarde juego al baloncesto. Cada día, a las 12.00, como bocadillos en el patio de mi colegio
  • expressing feelings (Estoy emocionado por la fiesta. Estoy desilusionada... ¡Qué guay! ¡Qué chévere! ¡Qué lindo!) and recounting experiences with family and friends
  • apologising and expressing concern or sympathy to friends and family members, for example, Lo siento mucho, ¡Cuídate! Te quiero
  • expressing preferences and opinions, for example, Hacer los deberes es aburrido. Prefiero comer helado. Me encanta el Barça porque es el mejor, Me fascina la música del mundo hispanohablante
  • sustaining interactions by using strategies such as asking questions and using conversation fillers, for example, ¿Y tú? Yo también; Claro; sí, sí

  VCESC145 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCHIC037

  Interact using descriptive and expressive language to give opinions, talk about themselves and their feelings and show interest in and respect for others

  Elaborations

  • comparing personal experiences and opinions and expressing agreement or disagreement in a respectful manner, for example, रमा मुझे माफ़ करना लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि ...; सच पूछो तो मेरे विचार से; मैं इस बात से सहमत हूँ कि ...;
  • using strategies such as active listening skills, turn-taking cues or requests for more detail to show interest in each other’s opinions and to support continued interaction, for example, क्या यह सच है?; दिलचस्प है ....; मुझे बताओ; अच्छा!; आप इस विषय में क्या सोचते हैं?
  • using descriptive and expressive language, including colloquial expressions and idioms, to describe people, places or experiences and to express feelings, for example, अँगुली पर नचाना; नाक में दम करना; मेरी चाची मुझसे बहुत प्यार करती हैं; मैं उनकी आँखों का तारा हूँ; अपने घर में कुत्ता भी शेर होता है।
  • identifying and using words, phrases or interjections that are used as ‘hooks’ or fillers in conversation to show interest and maintain the flow of conversation, for example, आह: यह अच्छी बात है; तो ठीक है ...; अच्छा; ओहो!; अरे वाह!
  • engaging in conversations and discussions with guest speakers, using active listening behaviours and contributing ideas, questions and opinions
  • participating in online exchanges, such as video blogs with sister-schools in India or other Hindi- language contexts to describe and compare routines, interests and activities

  VCHIC037 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAC145

  Interact with peers and the teacher to describe aspects of daily life such as routines and pastimes, or celebrations and special days; to express preferences; and to show interest in and respect for others

  Elaborations

  • communicating with peers and other Japanese speakers in local or online communities or digital forums, using strategies such as active listening skills, turn-taking cues, requests for clarification, and respectful language for agreeing or disagreeing, for example, へー、そうですね、すみません、もういちど　おねがいします、ちょっと…
  • showing interest in, respect and concern for others by asking questions such as だいじょうぶ　です　か。
  • exchanging simple correspondence such as greeting cards in print or digital form based on modelled language such as おたんじょうび　おめでとう(ございます)。あけまして　おめでとう　ございます。おかあさん、ありがとう。～へ～より
  • using formulaic language to exchange emails with young Japanese speakers to provide personal information such as ～さんへ、～より、じゃあ　また, their names, likes and dislikes, family members or leisure activities
  • exchanging information with one another or with other Japanese-speaking students about school or home routines, leisure activities, interests or preferences, popular culture or sport, for example, サッカー　を　します　か。いつ　 します　か。土(ど)よう日(び)　に　サッカー　を　します。サッカー　 が　 すき　です　か。ぼく　も　すき　です。
  • recounting experiences with own family and friends, for example, 土(ど)よう日(び)　に　ともだち　と　うみ　に　いきました。たん生日(じょうび)　に　ケーキ　を　たべました。
  • exchanging gifts using appropriate body language/gestures, such as giving and receiving with two hands and using expressions such as すみません。どうぞ 。どうも 　ありがとう　ございます。

  VCJAC145 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCJAU158

  Recognise the systematic nature of Japanese grammatical rules and apply these to generate new language for a range of purposes

  Elaborations

  • expanding metalanguage for communicating about language, using additional terms such as ‘pronoun’ and ‘conjunction’
  • understanding and identifying elements of different sentence structures and the use of particles such as へ、で
  • understanding the use of ～が　あります/います。to refer to inanimate/animate objects
  • describing locations of homes, people, animals and items, using basic structures, for example, noun　は　place　に　 あります。 noun　は　place　に　います。
  • knowing how to use prepositions to describe the position of objects, for example, つくえ　の　上　に, いす　の　下　 に
  • understanding the use of こそあど series in concrete contexts, for example, これ、それ、あれ、どれ
  • using the verb て form as a formulaic expression, such as when giving instructions or seeking permission, for example, 見て　ください。トイレ　に　いっても　いい　です　か。
  • knowing how to use common counters and classifiers such as ～こ、～ひき/ びき/ ぴき、～えん
  • understanding Japanese numerical place order: 一、十、百(ひゃく)、千(せん)、万(まん)
  • understanding location words and expressions indicating direction or means of transportation, for example, くるま　で　がっこう　に　いきます。
  • understanding different question words such as いくら、どれ
  • using conjunctions such as そして、それから to link ideas

  VCJAU158 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VC2M5P01

  list the possible outcomes of chance experiments involving equally likely outcomes and compare to those that are not equally likely

  Elaborations

  • discussing what it means for outcomes to be equally likely and comparing the number of possible and equally likely outcomes of chance events; for example, when drawing a card from a standard deck of cards there are 4 possible outcomes if you are interested in the suit, 2 possible outcomes if you are interested in the colour or 52 outcomes if you are interested in the exact card
  • discussing how chance experiments that have equally likely outcomes can be referred to as random chance events; for example, if all the names of students in a class are placed in a hat and one is drawn at random, each person has an equally likely chance of being drawn
  • commenting on the chance of winning games by considering the number of possible outcomes and the consequent chance of winning
  • investigating why some games are fair and others are not; for example, drawing a track game to resemble a running race and taking it in turns to roll 2 dice, where the first runner moves a square if the difference between the 2 dice is zero, one or 2 and the second runner moves a square if the difference is 3, 4 or 5, and responding to the questions ‘Is this game fair?’, ‘Are some differences more likely to come up than others?’ and ‘How can you work that out?’
  • comparing the chance of a head or a tail when a coin is tossed, whether some numbers on a dice are more likely to be facing up when the dice is rolled, or the chance of getting a 1, 2 or 3 on a spinner with uneven regions for the numbers
  • discussing supermarket promotions such as collecting stickers or objects and whether there is an equal chance of getting each of them

  VC2M5P01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 5 | Probability

• VCTRU046

  Understand the relationships between intonation and stress in Turkish, and apply this understanding to their own written and spoken language and meaning-making

  Elaborations

  • recognising differences in the pronunciation of long and short vowels with and without accent, and understanding that the length of a vowel and accent can change meaning, as in hala-hâlâ, and palatalise the previous consonant, as in kar-kâr
  • understanding sound assimilation, for example, how in words ending in k, the k softens to become yumuşak g (soft g), ğ before suffixes starting with a vowel, for example, kulak – kulağıma, küçük-küçüğüm
  • understanding how to use emphasis to enhance meaning, for example, using high-pitch tone and primary stress at the end of words, as in gel′dim ya!
  • understanding how stress is usually placed on the last syllable in Turkish, except in the case of some question words, compounds and place names, such as ′Ankara, ′Türkiye but Bulgaris′tan, Gürcis′tan, ′hangi, ′niçin
  • applying the principles of vowel harmony and sound assimilation of consonants and grammatical knowledge to the spelling and writing of unfamiliar words, for example, suffixes such as -cı, kapkaççı, bankacı, yolcu, oduncu, examples of sound assimilation, sokak+-da = sokakta, süt+-de = sütte, kebap+-cı = kebapçı, simit+-ci = simitçi
  • noticing the pronunciation of loan words, including vowels and consonant clusters, for example, plaj, spor, tren
  • recognising the effect of non-verbal language and tone in reinforcing meaning in spoken Turkish, for example, Buyrun! Vay be! Mahvoldum ya!, İnanmıyorum! Git yaa! Eeee, başka? Hadi be! Öf ya!

  VCTRU046 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIC140

  Interact and socialise with peers and the teacher to exchange information and opinions related to daily life, school, friends, leisure and social activities

  Elaborations

  • interacting via different modes of communication such as text messages, emails or social media to exchange personal information, express opinions, and agree or disagree, for example, Cuối tuần, tôi thích đi bơi hơn học võ. Còn bạn thích làm gì? Tôi thấy bài đọc này khó quá. Còn bạn thì sao? Tôi không nghĩ vậy
  • sharing information and opinions with peers in class and in online communities about aspects of their lives, such as being a member of the Vietnamese community in Australia, and sustaining communication by asking questions, for example, Hôm qua là Tết Trung thu, bạn có đi xem múa lân không? Tết Trung thu năm nay tổ chức ở đâu vậy? Có gì đặc biệt không? Lớp mình có bao nhiêu người đi dự hội chợ Tết? Bạn có biết ở Úc, thành phố hay tiểu bang nào đông người Việt nhất không?
  • comparing routines, interests and favourite activities, using language associated with time, sequence and location, for example, Tôi đi học về lúc 4 giờ 30 phút /4 giờ rưỡi chiều. Tối thứ Bảy, tôi thích xem phim và nghe nhạc sau khi làm xong bài tập
  • describing and elaborating on details of experiences or social activities with family and friends, for example, Thứ Bảy vừa qua là sinh nhật của bà nội, cả nhà tôi tới mừng sinh nhật bà
  • creating own versions of familiar texts, for example, cards for special occasions such as weddings, or greeting cards such as postcards for imagined special occasions

  VCVIC140 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCASFC037

  Interact with people for different purposes, using descriptive and expressive language to give opinions, talk about themselves and show interest in others

  Elaborations

  • comparing personal experiences and opinions and expressing agreement or disagreement in a respectful manner, for example:
    AGREE YES or PRO1 AGREE
    Yes, I agree.
    PRO1 KNOW WHAT MEAN, BUT…
    I know what you mean, but …
    DOUBT
    I’m not sure
    AGREE-NOT
    I don’t agree …
    
  • using NMFs and eye gaze to gain, hold or finish a turn when communicating in pairs or groups
  • discussing school experiences or events, for example:
    THEATRE GOOD, LONG-_really
    I liked the theatre performance but it was soo long.
    SCHOOL SWIMMING RACE, GOOD BAD, PRO2 THINK WHAT?
    What did you think about the swimming carnival?
    
  • using interactional strategies such as paraphrasing, questioning and interpreting non-verbal cues when communicating with their peers or teacher
  • participating in online exchanges such as vlogs with deaf Auslan users in other contexts to discuss topics of shared interest, such as peer pressure or family expectations
  • exchanging views with their peers to identify values that they hold as important, for example, caring for the environment or providing support resources for the deaf community such as subtitles on TV/movies

  VCASFC037 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITC039

  Interact to share interests, leisure activities, feelings, opinions and preferences

  Elaborations

  • contributing ideas and opinions in interactions by acknowledging, replying, agreeing/disagreeing and concluding, for example, E tu? È vero. Davvero? Va bene. Non sono d’accordo. Mi dispiace ma non capisco. Allora ci vediamo dopo. Arrivederci, Giorgio, a domani! Ho dimenticato … Sei molto gentile. Penso di sì. Penso di no.
  • asking and responding to questions that elicit personal information about themselves and others, for example, Da dove vieni? Vengo da Melbourne. Sei australiana? No, non sono australiana, sono cinese. Sì, e sono di origine greca. Quanti siete in famiglia? In famiglia siamo in sei. È/non è interessante … Che bello!
  • writing short texts such as emails, letters and text messages to interact with others, for example, to invite, congratulate or thank someone
  • using formal and informal greetings and forms of address when opening and closing conversations and written correspondence, for example, Pronto, chi parla? Ciao mamma. ArrivederLa. Mio caro fratello/Carissima nonna/ Gentile signora. Bacioni/Distinti saluti
  • asking about personal preferences, for example, Quale materia ti piace? Mi piace … /Non mi piace …, È facile/È difficile. Quale sport fai? E tu? Bravissimo! Eccezionale!
  • expressing feelings, such as about a singer or sports figure, for example, È simpatico e bravo, mi piace tanto. Vorrei...Mi piacerebbe …
  • describing a person’s physical state, for example, Ha fame/sete/freddo/caldo; Ho mal di … Sono stanco/sono rilassato
  • expressing preferences, for example, Mi piace il caldo. Mi piace/non mi piace la musica rock/pop/classica …
  • talking about the local environment and expressing opinions, for example, Qui c’è molto verde. A/In … c’è tanto inquinamento
  • providing options and choices, inviting, accepting or refusing, for example, Vuoi venire a …? D’accordo/No, non posso … un’altra volta. Vuoi il CD di … o di …? Che buona idea!

  VCITC039 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCITU052

  Use grammatical knowledge, to interpret and create meaning in Italian

  Elaborations

  • using both regular and irregular plural nouns, for example, un ginocchio/due ginocchia
  • using suffixes to modify Italian nouns and adjectives, for example, treno — trenino; casa — casetta; parola — parolaccia; bravo — bravissimo; fratello — fratellino; povero —poverino
  • recognising the imperative as a formulaic expression, for example, Dammi!
  • noticing adjective–noun agreement, for example, I bambini piccoli; Anna è alta ma Mario è basso
  • expressing positive and negative preferences using adverbs to intensify the meaning, for example, Mi piace molto la cioccolata; Non mi piace tanto ballare
  • expressing negation, for example, Non sono italiano. Non mi piace l’ insalata
  • formulating questions and requests, for example, Che ora è? Pronto, chi parla? Quando comincia la scuola? Dove andiamo stasera?
  • using ordinal numbers to sequence, for example, la seconda classe, la quinta, la terza aula
  • recognising the position of adverbs in sentences, for example, Non vado mai al cinema; Cammino lentamente
  • using present tense of regular, some irregular verbs, and immediate future tense to present situations and events for example, using avere, essere, stare, giocare, dormire, fare, leggere, scrivere, andare in sentences such as: Andrea va a casa alle sei. Anna ha due fratelli. Vado al cinema domani
  • using reflexive verbs and simple past tense as formulaic expressions, for example, Mi alzo alle sette. Sono andato/a al cinema
  • developing metalanguage to describe patterns, grammatical rules and variations in language structures

  VCITU052 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCKOU165

  Understand and use aspects of the Korean grammatical system such as verb conjugations, suffixes, some particles, basic conjunctions and the honorific system, building a metalanguage to talk about basic grammatical features in Korean

  Elaborations

  • expressing simple events occurring in the past using –었/았–, for example, 캔버라에 살았어요
  • making simple negation using 안 and 못, for example, 비가 안 와요, 김치를 못먹었어요
  • expressing events occurring in sequence by using:
    • conjunctive adverbs such as 그리고 at the beginning of thesecond of two sentences, for example, 밥을 먹어요. 그리고 운동해요
    • a conjunctive suffix (clausal connective) in a coordinative structure –고, for example, 밥을 먹고 운동해요
  • using particles –하고 (as a meaning of ‘together with’) and–에서, for example, 친구하고 쇼핑했어요, 학교에서 공부해요
  • using a structure, a noun + –(으)로, as a set phrase and understanding the meaning of the particle–(으)로, for example, 펜으로 쓰세요. 한국어로 뭐예요?
  • using the complex structures –(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다 and –도 되다 in the informal polite style ending –‍어/아요 to express opinions and give/request permission, for example, 맞는 것 같아요; 가도 돼요?
  • using question words to ask about reasons and prices in set phrases 왜요? and 얼마예요? and asking about states, feelings or opinions using 어때요, for example, 영화가 어땠어요?
  • recognising the formal polite ending –ㅂ/습니다 and the intimate ending –어/아, 해, and understanding the different contexts where different levels of politeness and formality are indicated by verb endings, for example, 미안합니다/미안해요/미안해
  • recognising how word ordersare different and syntactic functions are realised differently in simple sentences in Korean and English, for example,‘저는 (subject) 사과를 (object) 먹어요 (verb)’ versus ‘I (subject) eat (verb) an apple (object)’

  VCKOU165 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU164

  Expand vocabulary in the language through word-formation processes and recognise and use simple language structures

  Elaborations

  • exploring known word formation processes, for example, changing a word with the addition or change of a suffix or prefix to convey different meanings
  • constructing expressions that refer to people, places, things and events using:
    • nouns and adjectives in phrases, for example, compound nouns, reduplications and nominalisations, adjectives without an associated noun
    • sentences without verbs, for example, ‘This (is) my bag’
    • pronouns, for example, personal, kinship, demonstrative and interrogative in all persons and numbers
    • determiners and quantifiers, for example, ‘some’, ‘every’, ‘other’, ‘few’, ‘much’, ‘all’, and words for groups
    • marking to indicate possession and other types of association, for example, ‘Let’s go for water’
    • transitive and intransitive verbs
    • verbs of stance used in existential expressions, for example, ‘There is a creek lying near the road’
    • verbs to talk about actions, processes, thoughts and feelings
    • moods of verbs, including statements, questions, imperatives, commands, intention, purpose, likelihood, reported speech
    • negation
  • expressing time, manner, attitude and place according to available language resources, such as:
    • tenses, including past, present and future/non-past
    • temporal expressions, for example, day–night cycle, lunar and seasonal cycles, ‘before’, ‘after’, ‘soon’, ‘recent’, ‘long ago’, expressions for cosmological time
    • expressions of frequency, for example, ‘often’, ‘always’, ‘once’, ‘briefly’
    • attitudinal particles, for example, ‘maybe’, ‘it is said’, ‘what do you say?’, ‘would you mind?’, ‘you see’
    • locational cases, for example, ‘in’, ‘an’, ‘at’, ‘near’, ‘besides’, ‘to’, ‘towards’, ‘from’
    • adverbs of manner, location and time, for example, ‘again’, ‘more’, ‘in turn’, ‘too late’, ‘as well’
    • structuring and linking clauses, for example, using coordination, subordination, embedding
  • understanding that rules vary between languages, for example, in relation to word-formation, word order at phrase and sentence level
  • making comparisons and identifying patterns in and between languages, for example, free and fixed word order, tenses in verbs, use of affixes versus prepositions
  • noticing similarities between particular vocabulary sets in languages from the same region, such as words for body parts, kinship terms
  • developing metalanguage for talking about language, for example, noun phrases, suffixes, prefixes, tense, transitivity, using resources from both the language and English

  VCLVU164 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCVIU151

  Recognise and apply features of intonation and pronunciation and writing conventions used in different types of texts and contexts

  Elaborations

  • applying basic pronunciation rules, including adding or changing tone markers, initial consonants or vowels to form new words, for example, buổi, cuối, đuổi, tuổi, chuối
  • understanding and reproducing Vietnamese words with different tone markers, and understanding that pitch changes affect the meaning of a word, for example, thương, thường, thưởng, thượng
  • understanding the variability of sound–letter matches and distinguishing between similar sounds such as ch and tr, s and x (chai/trai or song/xong)
  • exploring Vietnamese sounds such as heterographs, for example, giai and dai, dây and giây, and homonyms, for example, bàn (bàn bạc) or bàn (cái bàn)
  • analysing Vietnamese pronunciation and intonation, for example, Anh ăn trưa chưa? Anh chưa ăn trưa? and Anh chưa ăn trưa
  • applying Vietnamese spelling rules, for example, k, gh and ngh only go with i, e, and ê (kiến, kẻ, kể, ghi, ghe, ghế, nghỉ, nghe, nghệ)
  • comparing Vietnamese words that end with i and y, and identifying words that are commonly misspelled, such as tai and tay, mai and may, ngài and ngày
  • using appropriate punctuation in writing, including commas, full stops, question marks, semicolons, colons, inverted commas and exclamation marks

  VCVIU151 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language