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• VC2M6N05

  solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions using knowledge of equivalent fractions

  Elaborations

  • representing addition and subtraction of fractions, using an understanding of equivalent fractions and methods such as jumps on a number line, or diagrams of fractions as parts of shapes
  • determining the lowest common denominator using an understanding of prime and composite numbers to find equivalent representation of fractions when solving addition and subtraction problems
  • calculating the addition or subtraction of fractions in the context of real-world problems (for example, using part cups or spoons in a recipe), using the understanding of equivalent fractions
  • understanding the processes for adding and subtracting fractions with related denominators and fractions as an operator, in preparation for calculating with all fractions; for example, using fraction overlays and number lines to give meaning to adding and subtracting fractions with related and unrelated denominators

  VC2M6N05 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VC2M6N01

  recognise situations, including financial contexts, that use integers; locate and represent integers on a number line and as coordinates on the Cartesian plane

  Elaborations

  • extending the number line in the negative direction to locate and represent integers, recognising the difference in location between (−2) and (+2) and their relationship to zero as −2 < 0 < 2
  • using integers to represent quantities in financial contexts, including the concept of profit and loss for a planned event
  • using horizontal and vertical number lines to represent and find solutions to everyday problems involving locating and ordering integers around zero (for example, elevators, above and below sea level) and distinguishing a location by referencing the 4 quadrants of the Cartesian plane
  • recognising that the sign (positive or negative) indicates a direction in relation to zero – for example, 30 metres left of the admin block is (−30) and 20 metres right of the admin block is (+20) – and programming robots to move along a number line that is either horizontal or vertical but not both at the same time
  • representing the temperatures of the different planets in the solar system, using a diagram of a thermometer that models a vertical number line

  VC2M6N01 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VC2M6N09

  use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving rational numbers and percentages, including in financial contexts; formulate the problems, choosing operations and using efficient mental and written calculation strategies, and using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and...

  Elaborations

  • modelling practical situations involving percentages using efficient calculation strategies to find solutions, such as mental calculations, spreadsheets, calculators or a variety of informal jottings, and interpreting the results in terms of the situation, for example, purchasing items during a sale
  • modelling situations involving earning money and budgeting, asking questions such as ‘Can I afford it?’, ‘Do I need it?’ and ‘How much do I need to save for it?’ and developing a savings plan or budget for an upcoming event or personal purchase
  • modelling and solving the problem of creating a budget for a class excursion or family holiday, using the internet to research costs and expenses, and representing the budget in a spreadsheet, creating and using formulas to calculate totals

  VC2M6N09 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VC2M6N04

  apply knowledge of place value to add and subtract decimals, using digital tools where appropriate; use estimation and rounding to check the reasonableness of answers

  Elaborations

  • applying estimation strategies to addition and subtraction of decimals to at least thousandths before calculating answers or when a situation requires just an estimation
  • applying whole-number strategies; for example, using basic facts, place value, partitioning and the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction, and properties of operations to develop meaningful mental strategies for addition and subtraction of decimal numbers to at least hundredths
  • working additively with linear measurements expressed as decimals up to 2 and 3 decimal places; for example, calculating how far off the world record the athletes were at the last Olympic Games in the women’s long jump or shot-put and comparing school records to the Olympic records
  • deciding to use a calculator as a calculation strategy for solving additive problems involving decimals that vary in their number of decimal places beyond hundredths; for example, 1.0 − 0.0035 or 2.345 + 1.4999

  VC2M6N04 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VC2M6N03

  apply knowledge of equivalence to compare, order and represent common fractions, including halves, thirds and quarters, on the same number line and justify their order

  Elaborations

  • applying factors and multiples to fraction denominators (such as halves with quarters, eighths and twelfths, and thirds with sixths, ninths and twelfths) to determine equivalent representations of fractions in order to make comparisons
  • representing fractions on the same number line, paying attention to relative position, and using this to explain relationships between denominators
  • explaining equivalence and order between fractions using number lines, drawings and models
  • comparing and ordering fractions by placing cards on a string line across the room and referring to benchmark fractions to justify their position; for example, 58 is greater than 12 can be written as 58 > 12 , because half of 8 is 4; 16 is less than 14 , because 6 > 4 and can be written as 16 < 14

  VC2M6N03 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VC2M6N08

  approximate numerical solutions to problems involving rational numbers and percentages, using appropriate estimation strategies

  Elaborations

  • using familiar fractions, decimals and percentages to approximate calculations, such as 0.3 of 180 is about 13 of 180, or 52% is about 12
  • choosing appropriate estimation strategies including rounding to the nearest whole number, knowledge of multiples of 2, 5 or 10 and partitioning numbers, in contexts such as measuring or cost per unit
  • recognising the effect of rounding on calculations involving fractions or decimals and saying what numbers the answer will be between
  • recognising the usefulness of estimation to check calculations for contexts such as dividing wood into a number of lengths, calculating cost per unit, reducing a recipe or dividing the cost of dinner for a group into individual amounts
  • verifying solutions by estimating percentages in suitable contexts, such as discounts, using common percentages of 10%, 25%, 30%, 50% and 1%
  • investigating estimation strategies to make decisions about steam cooking in ground ovens by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples, including catering for different numbers of people and resources needed for cooking

  VC2M6N08 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VC2M6N02

  identify and describe the properties of prime, composite, square and triangular numbers and use these properties to solve problems and simplify calculations

  Elaborations

  • using the definition of a prime number to explain why one is not a prime number
  • testing numbers by using division to distinguish between prime and composite numbers, recording the results on a number chart to identify any patterns
  • representing composite numbers as a product of their factors, including prime factors when necessary and using this form to simplify calculations involving multiplication, such as 15 × 16 as 5 × 3 × 4 × 4, which can be rearranged to simplify calculation to 5 × 4 × 3 × 4 = 20 × 12
  • identifying and describing the product of a number with itself as square; for example, 3 × 3 is the same as 3²
  • using spreadsheets to list all the numbers that have up to 3 factors, using combinations of only the first 3 prime numbers, recognising any emerging patterns, making conjectures and experimenting with other combinations

  VC2M6N02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Number

• VCMNA212

  Solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions with the same or related denominators

  Elaborations

  • understanding the processes for adding and subtracting fractions with related denominators and fractions as an operator, in preparation for calculating with all fractions
  • solving realistic additive (addition and subtraction) problems involving fractions to develop understanding of equivalent fractions and the use of fractions as operators
  • modelling and solving additive problems involving fractions by using methods such as jumps on a number line, or by making diagrams of fractions as parts of shapes

  VCMNA212 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCMNA213

  Find a simple fraction of a quantity where the result is a whole number, with and without digital technologies

  Elaborations

  • recognising that finding one third of a quantity is the same as dividing by 3

  VCMNA213 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCMNA209

  Select and apply efficient mental and written strategies and appropriate digital technologies to solve problems involving all four operations with whole numbers and make estimates for these computations

  Elaborations

  • applying strategies already developed for solving problems involving small numbers to those involving large numbers
  • applying a range of strategies to solve realistic problems and commenting on the efficiency of different strategies
  • forming simple single digit estimates with consideration of order of magnitude of the result

  VCMNA209 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA216

  Multiply and divide decimals by powers of 10

  Elaborations

  • multiplying and dividing decimals by multiples of powers of 10

  VCMNA216 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCMNA210

  Investigate everyday situations that use integers. Locate and represent these numbers on a number line

  Elaborations

  • recognising that integers form an ordered infinite set {…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…} with no first element or last element
  • solving everyday additive problems using a number line
  • investigating everyday situations that use integers, such as temperatures
  • using number lines to position and order integers around zero

  VCMNA210 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA208

  Identify and describe properties of prime, composite, square and triangular numbers

  Elaborations

  • understanding that some numbers have special properties and that these properties can be used to solve problems
  • representing composite numbers as a product of their prime factors and using this form to simplify calculations by cancelling common primes
  • understanding that if a number is divisible by a composite number then it is also divisible by the prime factors of that number.

  VCMNA208 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Number and place value

• VCMNA211

  Compare fractions with related denominators and locate and represent them on a number line

  Elaborations

  • demonstrating equivalence between fractions using drawings and models

  VCMNA211 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCMNA215

  Multiply decimals by whole numbers and perform divisions by non-zero whole numbers where the results are terminating decimals, with and without digital technologies

  Elaborations

  • interpreting the results of calculations to provide an answer appropriate to the context

  VCMNA215 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCMNA217

  Make connections between equivalent fractions, decimals and percentages

  Elaborations

  • connecting fractions, decimals and percentages as different representations of the same number, moving fluently between representations and choosing the appropriate one for the problem being solved

  VCMNA217 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCMNA218

  Investigate and calculate percentage discounts of 10%, 25% and 50% on sale items, with and without digital technologies

  Elaborations

  • using authentic information to calculate prices on sale goods

  VCMNA218 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Money and financial mathematics

• VCMNA214

  Add and subtract decimals, with and without digital technologies, and use estimation and rounding to check the reasonableness of answers

  Elaborations

  • extending whole-number strategies to explore and develop meaningful written strategies for addition and subtraction of decimal numbers to thousandths
  • exploring and practising efficient methods for solving problems requiring operations on decimals, to gain fluency with calculating with decimals and with recognising appropriate operations

  VCMNA214 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Fractions and decimals

• VCMNA219

  Continue and create sequences involving whole numbers, fractions and decimals. Describe the rule used to create the sequence

  Elaborations

  • identifying and generalising number patterns
  • investigating additive and multiplicative patterns such as the number of tiles in a geometric pattern, or the number of dots or other shapes in successive repeats of a strip or border pattern looking for patterns in the way the numbers increase/decrease

  VCMNA219 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra

• VCMNA220

  Explore the use of brackets and order of operations to write number sentences

  Elaborations

  • appreciating the need for rules to complete multiple operations within the same number sentence

  VCMNA220 | Mathematics | Level 6 | Number and Algebra | Patterns and algebra