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• VCESU160

  Understand that the Spanish language constantly changes due to contact with other languages and the impact of new technologies

  Elaborations

  • investigating how media, digital technologies and popular culture have influenced the Spanish language, for example, tuitear, email, correo, electrónico, chatear, textear, bloguear, rapear, rapero, un , un selfie
  • discussing why the Spanish language borrows particular words from English and other languages, for example, chofer, carné, tenis, golf, corner, kiwi and parking, smartphone, link
  • identifying Spanish words and aspects of lifestyle absorbed into English (‘fiesta’, ‘rumba’, ‘tapas’), and considering the reasons for the adoption of particular words or expressions
  • understanding that Spanish shares a history and many similar words with other languages for example, English, French, Italian, Portuguese, Tagalog/Filipino and Rumanian
  • understanding that some languages are growing and adapting, while others (such as indigenous languages across the world, including some in Spanish-speaking countries) are endangered, disappearing, reviving, or blending with stronger languages

  VCESU160 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCFRU052

  Understand that the French language is constantly changing due to contact with other languages and to the impact of new technologies and knowledge

  Elaborations

  • investigating influences on the French language of major community languages in France such as Arabic (for example, le toubib, le bled, kif-kif), Italian (for example, le fiasco, bravo, espresso) or Chinese, (for example, le ginseng, le tai-chi, le litchi)
  • understanding that French, like all languages, is constantly expanding to include new words and expressions in response to changing technologies, digital media and intercultural experiences, for example, skyper, googliser, le courriel, photophoner

  VCFRU052 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCHHC087

  Explain the significance of an event and an individual or group that influenced change in the Australian colonies and in Australian society since Federation

  Elaborations

  • investigating an event and explain its impact on Australian life, for example, Australian soldiers land at ANZAC Cove
  • creating ‘what if’ scenarios by constructing different outcomes for a key events

  VCHHC087 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical significance

• VCHHK096

  Significant contributions of individuals and groups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and migrants, to changing Australian society

  Elaborations

  • examining population data that show the places of birth of Australia’s people at one or more points of time in the past and today
  • investigating the role of specific cultural groups in Australia’s economic and social development, for example, the cattle industry, the Snowy Mountains Scheme, the pearling industry
  • considering notable individuals in Australian public life across a range of fields, for example, the arts, science, sport, education, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, a range of cultural and social groups

  VCHHK096 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Knowledge | Australia as a nation

• VCKOU169

  Recognise the dynamic nature of languages and cultures, and the changing and influential relationships that exist between languages

  Elaborations

  • listening to and viewing stories on the creation of Hangeul and reflecting on the background/rationale for its creation, for example, stories about 세종대왕, 홍익인간, • (천), ㅡ (지), ㅣ (인)
  • sharing knowledge of some historical aspects of own languages, including Australian English and Aboriginal languages, for example, koala/gula, kangaroo/gangurru
  • identifying Korean words used in Australia and sharing own experience of using/encountering them, for example, 비빔밥 (bibimbap), 아리랑 (arirang)
  • matching Korean loan words from English and other languages, and exploring their origins, for example, 피아노 (piano), 피자 (pizza), 케밥 (kebab)

  VCKOU169 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCTRU050

  Understand that the Turkish language has evolved and developed through different periods of influence from other languages, cultures and changes

  Elaborations

  • identifying loan words and phrases used in particular domains, such as food, music or social media, discussing how the Turkish language and associated behaviours reflect contemporary and global influences, for example, the use of web sitesi, rap yapmak, fast food, part time, single
  • understanding causes and effects of historical developments and reforms to the Turkish language, such as changes implemented under the leadership of Atatürk and changing the script from Arabic to Latin in 1928
  • understanding that languages constantly expand to include new words and expressions, due to influences such as changing technologies, digital media and intercultural exchange, for example, e-posta, yazıcı, tarayıcı, çevrimiçi; and that they sometimes lose terms or expressions which have no relevance to current contexts, such as karatahta, telgraf, arzuhalci
  • identifying how loan words are incorporated into Turkish by changing the spelling to fit Turkish pronunciation and the principles of great vowel harmony, for example, mektup, kalem, sandalye, polis

  VCTRU050 | Languages | Turkish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• Japanese - F–10 Sequence: Levels 5 and 6 achievement standards

  By the end of Level 6, students use formulaic and modelled language in classroom interactions to carry out transactions and to share or convey information about daily routines, activities and events, using time expressions such as まい日、ときどき. They ask and respond to questions in familiar contexts...

  Level description | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6

• VCCCTM031

  Investigate how ideas and problems can be disaggregated into smaller elements or ideas, how criteria can be used to identify gaps in existing knowledge, and assess and test ideas and proposals

  Elaborations

  • identifying smaller elements within a design brief and constructing a plan for each element
  • discussing the aims and parameters of an inquiry as a basis for developing criteria to identify gaps in existing knowledge for example a time period or geographical scale

  VCCCTM031 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Meta-Cognition

• VCDEC146

  Engage in intercultural interactions, describing aspects of language and culture that are unfamiliar or uncomfortable, and discussing own reactions and adjustments

  Elaborations

  • observing how language use reflects politeness and the closeness of social relationships, such as different levels of formality through the use of du/ihr/Sie, and familiarity with friends, for example, nicknames (Spitznamen) and various uses of diminutives (-chen, -lein)
  • noticing the use of and evaluating whether or not to adopt German expressions such as exclamations (Ach so! Echt!), and gestures such as indicating approval with ‘thumbs up’ (comparing with the use of one thumb to indicate the number ‘one’) and ‘applauding’ by rapping knuckles on the table
  • reflecting on how own cultural etiquette and behaviour such as gestures affect interactions and may be interpreted, for example, noticing similarities and differences in body language when interacting with people from German-speaking countries (shrugging, nodding one’s head)
  • noticing own reaction (level of comfort/discomfort) to different cultural practices such as asking Wie geht’s? and not expecting a detailed response about health and current medical conditions
  • recognising aspects of own language use that reflect own cultural perspective and experiences, for example, references to climate and environment, animals, activities and routines such as chores, and celebrations and events

  VCDEC146 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCELY366

  Participate in and contribute to discussions, clarifying and interrogating ideas, developing and supporting arguments, sharing and evaluating information, experiences and opinions, and use interaction skills, varying conventions of spoken interactions according to group size, formality of interaction...

  Elaborations

  • using strategies, for example pausing, questioning, rephrasing, repeating, summarising, reviewing and asking clarifying questions
  • exploring personal reasons for acceptance or rejection of opinions offered and linking the reasons to the way our cultural experiences can affect our responses
  • recognising that closed questions ask for precise responses while open questions prompt a speaker to provide more information

  VCELY366 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Speaking and Listening | Literacy

• VCDSTC034

  Investigate how forces or electrical energy can control movement, sound or light in a designed product or system

  Elaborations

  • deconstructing a product or system to discover how movement, sound or light can be controlled, for example deconstructing a torch or buzzer and exploring circuit design
  • investigating the properties of materials to solve problems requiring the control of movement, sound or light, for example directing light through a maze using mirrors
  • investigating how biomimicry can be used by engineers and designers, for example the ways plant and animal adaptations can be copied to solve human challenges, for example the Japanese building Sendai Mediatheque based on seaweed-like tubes
  • recognising the need to carefully plan and select components for a system to perform a specific task
  • producing models using materials, tools and equipment to show how to control movement, sound or light in structures, for example the design of a house with passive solar; the use of optical fibre in directing sunlight; acoustics of recording studios
  • investigating the technologies in a control system for an identified need or opportunity and user, for example a system that allows safe passage at pedestrian crossings

  VCDSTC034 | Technologies | Design and Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Technologies Contexts | Engineering principles and systems

• VCEBC004

  Identify influences on consumer choices and explore strategies that can be used to help make informed personal consumer and financial choices

  Elaborations

  • identifying examples of goods and services purchased and listing and explaining the factors that influenced their decision, for example, price, fashion, peer pressure, advertising, taste
  • identifying the variety of selling and advertising strategies used by businesses, for example, television and internet advertising and email promotions
  • exploring the strategies that can be used when making consumer and financial decisions, for example, comparing prices, keeping a record of money spent, saving for the future

  VCEBC004 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 5 and 6 | Consumer and Financial Literacy

• VCELA352

  Investigate how vocabulary choices, including evaluative language can express shades of meaning, feeling and opinion

  Elaborations

  • identifying (for example from reviews) the ways in which evaluative language is used to assess the qualities of the various aspects of the work in question

  VCELA352 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Writing | Language

• VCELA351

  Understand how ideas can be expanded and sharpened through careful choice of verbs, elaborated tenses and a range of adverb groups/phrases

  Elaborations

  • knowing that verbs often represent actions and that the choice of more expressive verbs makes an action more vivid (for example 'She ate her lunch' compared to 'She gobbled up her lunch')
  • knowing that adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases can provide important details about a happening(for example, ‘At nine o'clock the buzzer rang loudly throughout the school’) or state (for example, ‘The tiger is a member of the cat family’)
  • knowing the difference between the simple present tense (for example 'Pandas eat bamboo.') and the simple past tense (for example 'She replied.')
  • knowing that the simple present tense is typically used to talk about either present states (for example, ‘He lives in Darwin’) or actions that happen regularly in the present (for example, ‘He watches television every night’) or that represent ‘timeless’ happenings, as in information reports (for example, ‘Bears hibernate in winter’)
  • knowing that there are various ways in English to refer to future time (for example 'She will call you tomorrow'; 'I am going to the movies tomorrow'; 'Tomorrow I leave for Hobart')

  VCELA351 | Curriculum content | English | Level 6 | Writing | Language

• VCICCB010

  Explain how intercultural experiences can influence beliefs and behaviours, including developing a critical perspective on and respect for their own and others cultures

  Elaborations

  • using a range of overseas and national travel brochures to discuss different ideas about travel, including the notion that travel broadens peoples horizons, and create a list of reasons how and why Australians travel
  • creating a class list of what having an ‘open mind’ might look like and why it may be useful during intercultural experiences, such as in scenarios like student exchanges or overseas travel
  • exploring the meaning of terms such as tolerance, respect and acceptance and discussing a range of ways to show respect for different cultural practices
  • discussing how body language and gestures can influence communication and describing differences in meanings attached to body language and gestures in different cultures, such as giving a ‘thumbs up’, bowing or pointing

  VCICCB010 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Cultural Practices

• VCICCB009

  Analyse how aspects of their own and others lifestyle, behaviour, attitudes and beliefs can be culturally influenced

  Elaborations

  • comparing differences in a range of countries, such in legal driving or voting age, laws around alcohol consumption or school leaving age, and discussing these in relation to adolescent – adulthood rights of passages
  • identifying cultural connections between Australia and countries in the Asia region and the activities that facilitate these connections, such as travel, student exchange, storytelling formats, music and dance
  • exploring identity through economic, consumer and media practices and choices, and discussing these in relation to globalisation and/or American cultural influence, such a popular music, television or film
  • prompting students to explore and evaluate the source of a range of popular and traditional cultural practices or artefacts, for example, surfing in Australia, the notion of the larrikin, or Hip Hop

  VCICCB009 | Capabilities | Intercultural Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Cultural Practices

• VCHHC085

  Identify and describe patterns of continuity and change in daily life for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, ‘native born’ and migrants in the Australian colonies

  Elaborations

  • visiting a local cemetery and surveying the graves to find clues about the patterns of settlement, ages and causes of death in the local area
  • creating visual, oral or written journals reflecting the daily life experiences of different inhabitants of a convict or colonial settlement

  VCHHC085 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Continuity and change

• VCVIU155

  Explore how the Vietnamese language has changed over time and how it has been influenced by dialects and accents across regions of Vietnam

  Elaborations

  • recognising ways in which the Vietnamese language has changed over time, for example, the romanisation of the writing system, the declining use of Sino-Vietnamese words such as quốc kỳ and sư phụ, and the increasing use of English words such as ‘OK’, ‘jeans’, ‘shopping’ and ‘hello’
  • recognising and understanding new and borrowed words, phrases and concepts that have been created or incorporated as a result of contact with other cultures, for example, kimono, koala, sushi, pizza, mì Ý (pasta), bánh mì kẹp thịt (hamburger), thức ăn nhanh (fast food)
  • understanding that Vietnamese has different dialects, such as Southern, Central and Northern Vietnamese, for example, má/mẹ (mother), ba/bố (father), dứa/thơm, khóm (pineapple)
  • distinguishing between the three main dialects in Vietnamese, for example, noticing that the Southern and Central Vietnamese dialects have fewer tone markers in spoken language than the Northern Vietnamese dialect
  • exploring the expansion of vocabulary in the Vietnamese language due to the influence of regional dialects, for example, Southerners have adopted some Northern words (ba mẹ) and vice versa (cù lần)

  VCVIU155 | Languages | Vietnamese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCGGC088

  Collect and record relevant geographical data and information from the field and secondary sources, using ethical protocols

  Elaborations

  • developing questions about the way connections affect places and people’s perceptions of places and collecting related data and information
  • planning an investigation to identify how significant events can connect places. For example, the Olympics or a tsunami
  • identifying the purpose and usefulness of information gained from primary and secondary sources such as fieldwork, maps, plans, photographs, satellite images, statistical sources and reports
  • finding out how to conduct ethical research with people and communities, including the protocols for consultation with local Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander communities
  • exchanging geographical information from schools in countries of the Asia region
  • interviewing people, for example, on their knowledge and opinions of other places

  VCGGC088 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Data and information

• VCDEU150

  Recognise that different types of texts, such as narratives, recounts and informative and procedural texts, have certain conventions and can take different forms depending on the context in which they are produced

  Elaborations

  • identifying the purpose, context and intended audience of a range of familiar texts, for example, fairy tales, sports reports or recipes
  • reading, viewing and/or listening to different digital and other texts with a common topic and discussing structural and linguistic similarities and differences, for example, comparing a print, radio, TV and social media announcement for the same event
  • describing key features of different text types, for example, a shopping list serves as a reminder to self and consists of items and quantities (6 Brötchen, 500 g Butter, Marmelade), whereas a shopping transaction involves interaction and negotiation and more extended language (Ich möchte eine Bratwurst mit Pommes, bitte. Noch etwas? Das macht 5,80 Euro bitte.)
  • transforming a text such as a poem into another text type, such as a conversation, cartoon or SMS

  VCDEU150 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language