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• VCHIU051

  Demonstrate awareness that Hindi language use involves variations in formal and informal styles, in spoken and written forms, and that it reflects relationships between participants

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing between spoken and written forms of Hindi, identifying examples of colloquialisms and words and expressions used mainly in spoken conversation, for example, the non-standard मेरे को in place of the formal Hindi मुझे or the use of मतलब ... at the beginning of spoken utterances
  • knowing that meaning is shaped not only by words but also by expression, gestures and use of the voice, and that these variations occur in both formal and informal language
  • recognising how language use varies to reflect different feelings, relationships, moods or attitudes, for example, the respectful tone of devotional texts compared to the liveliness, humour and colour of Bollywood scripts
  • noticing patterns in language use that reflect age, gender and social status as well as the context and purpose of interaction
  • recognising how language use such as levels of politeness or of Sanskrit-derived terms such as श्रीमान reflects the intention of a speaker or writer and the relationship between participants

  VCHIU051 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU156

  Engage with authentic spoken language, recognising how words blend and understanding the relationship between sounds, words and meaning

  Elaborations

  • knowing how to pronounce all the sounds in the kana chart, including voiced and unvoiced sounds (てんてん and まる), combined and long vowel sounds and double consonants, for example, きって and りょうり
  • understanding that the sounds of hiragana and katakana are identical even though the associated scripts are different
  • knowing that the hiragana spelling of a particular particle does not match its pronunciation, for example, ‘wa’ for は , ‘e’ for へ, ‘o/wo’ for を
  • noticing that certain combinations of two moras make one rhythm unit (foot), for example, the copula です and the verb suffix ます

  VCJAU156 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCEBE010

  Make decisions, identify appropriate actions by considering the advantages and disadvantages, and form conclusions concerning an economics or business issue or event

  Elaborations

  • weighing up options involved in a decision, for example, purchasing a phone by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each available option
  • making an individual purchasing decision based on an analysis of the trade-offs involved
  • identifying the effect of consumers purchasing items from a range of sources on local businesses, for example, ‘What is the effect on the local shopping centre if consumers purchase more goods online rather than in local shops?’
  • taking action to share their findings with audiences beyond the classroom, such as presenting at a school assembly, writing a letter to the editor of the local newspaper or their local member of parliament

  VCEBE010 | The Humanities | Economics and Business | Levels 5 and 6 | Economic and Business Reasoning and Interpretation

• VCELC145

  Create bilingual texts and learning resources, such as signs, notices, games, displays, websites or word banks, for the school community

  Elaborations

  • creating simple bilingual texts in print or digital form for specific audiences, such as school signs for Greek visitors, invitations to parents for class or school events, posters for the school community to advertise an upcoming event, online bilingual story books including text and images for a younger audience, or a bilingual game, such as Snap, using words only
  • creating and posting Greek versions of existing school signs, recognising difference in word order, for example, staffroom, canteen
  • constructing and maintaining a bilingual website for a sister-school or a contact group of young learners of English in a Greek-speaking community
  • creating a word bank which includes words, phrases and common expressions, as a classroom resource to reinforce learning

  VCELC145 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCJAC152

  Explain aspects of spoken, written and non-verbal communication in Japanese interactions that require interpretation and carry cultural meaning

  Elaborations

  • providing explanations or interpretations of formulaic expressions such as おめでとう used in a range of situations and celebrations, for example, congratulations おめでとう　ございます and birthday wishes おたんじょうび 　おめでとう
  • collecting, using and explaining Japanese words and expressions that do not translate easily into English, such as おかえり、いらっしゃいませ、ごちそうさま
  • demonstrating and explaining elements of non-verbal Japanese communication that require interpretation for non-Japanese speakers, such as hand gestures, eye contact and counting systems
  • experimenting with bilingual dictionaries and/or online translators, considering relative advantages or limitations of each resource

  VCJAC152 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VC2M6P02

  conduct repeated chance experiments and run simulations with an increasing number of trials using digital tools; compare observations with expected results and discuss the effect on variation of increasing the number of trials

  Elaborations

  • using digital tools to simulate multiple tosses of a coin or dice and comparing the relative frequency of an outcome as the number of trials increases; and identifying the variation between trials and realising that the results tend to the prediction with larger numbers of trials
  • using online simulations of repeated random events to recognise emerging patterns, discussing and comparing expected results to the actual results
  • investigating the relative frequencies of all outcomes for a chance experiment and verifying that their sum equals one
  • systematically recording the outcome of large numbers of spins on a spinner and analysing the relative frequencies of outcomes, representing these as percentages

  VC2M6P02 | Mathematics | Mathematics Version 2.0 | Level 6 | Probability

• VCNRC043

  Create bilingual texts and learning resources for the school community

  Elaborations

  • creating simple bilingual texts in print or digital form for specific audiences, such as school signs for visitors, invitations to parents for class or school events, posters for the school community to advertise an upcoming event, online bilingual story books including text and images for a younger audience, or a bilingual game, such as Snap, using words only
  • creating and posting versions of existing school signs or notices into the language, for example, staffroom, canteen, recognising difference in word order
  • constructing and maintaining a bilingual website for a sister school or a contact group of young learners of English in a target language-speaking community
  • creating a word bank which includes words, phrases and common expressions, as a classroom resource to reinforce learning

  VCNRC043 | Capabilities | Critical and Creative Thinking | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHU155

  Recognise the contextual meanings of individual syllables or characters to assist comprehension and vocabulary development, and explain the form and function of components in individual characters, for example, 心,想,情,闷

  Elaborations

  • inferring the meaning of unfamiliar characters by identifying familiar semantic and phonetic components of compound characters, and using contextual clues to map the form of characters to sound and meaning
  • using digital tools to write a specific character, and finding out its pronunciation by using online dictionaries
  • writing characters with correct structure and proportion when writing with and without 田字格, and discussing issues with remembering and reproducing individual components in characters, for example, discriminating between characters such as 冒、昌…
  • exploring a range of fonts in digital form and personal styles of writing, and appreciating the aesthetic value of calligraphy, including 硬笔书法

  VCZHU155 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFU179

  Explore the current status and profile of Auslan and of the Deaf community in contemporary Australian society, considering issues such as language transmission, usage and documentation

  Elaborations

  • describing the visibility and use of Auslan in the wider community, for example in television programs, on the news, at community events, sporting fixtures and in emergency announcements
  • discussing the diversity of Auslan users in the Australian community, including people who are deaf, those who are hard of hearing and hearing people such as CODAs and interpreters
  • investigating the signed languages used by deaf and hard of hearing members of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
  • exploring variation in Auslan fluency among classmates and members of the Deaf community, considering the relevance of factors such as where and when individual users learnt to sign and whether they are from a Deaf or hearing family
  • mapping sign language use around the world using data from Ethnologue, for example by identifying and labelling countries with correct naming of the sign language used, such as France = LSF: Langue des Signes Française; Germany = DGS: Deutsche Gebärdensprache
  • finding representations of signing deaf people in the media or in literary texts, and evaluating how they and the language are represented
  • investigating the profile and distribution of members of the Deaf community, for example across states of Australia or by age or gender, using data from censuses and other sources to summarise and represent information in graph/visual forms, and to suggest possible explanations of patterns or statistics
  • understanding the role and function of Auslan–English interpreters and Deaf interpreters and the access and opportunities they provide to language users
  • recognising that many languages are well-documented, strong, healthy and widely used by many people across generations while others are less well-documented and robust
  • recognising that some languages have no written form and have historically been passed on face to face/orally, which means that they are less well recorded or documented
  • recognising language documentation as an important means of recording, maintaining, transmitting and revitalising a language
  • understanding the nature of transmission of Auslan, for example, that in most cases Auslan is not passed on from parent to child but from peers, or is learnt by children from adults outside the family, and that some Deaf people learn Auslan later in early adulthood
  • describing how Auslan has been transmitted across generations and how it has been recorded, investigating reasons for the ‘oral’ tradition language transmission
  • using the UNESCO atlas to map the world’s minority languages and those that are in critical endangerment and to document the vitality of signed languages
  • exploring how different technologies are used by deaf people to support social networks and strengthen their community and language
  • explaining the significance of stories linked to Deaf social history and the responsibility of the Deaf community to convey shared experiences that relate to Deaf history and significant sites, for example by sharing stories about school days in the past
  • identifying examples of deaf people who have been recognised for different reasons in wider Australian society, for example, Alastair McEwin or Drisana Levitzke-Gray, and discussing how such recognition contributes to broader awareness of Auslan in Australia

  VCASFU179 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language awareness

• VCARC147

  Reflect on how own biography, including family origins, traditions and beliefs, impacts on identity and communication

  Elaborations

  • discussing how their Arabic cultural heritage influences who they are, how they think about things and how they interact and behave in different contexts
  • identifying aspects of personal identity such as age, gender and social status that are important when interacting in Arabic-speaking contexts and may be understood differently in Australian cultural contexts
  • identifying key influences on their sense of identity, such as their family origins, traditions, beliefs and significant events, for example,

    مكان الولادة؛ التربية العائلية؛ عدد أفراد العائلة؛ العادات والتقاليد التي تربى عليها؛ خبرات الطفولة في المدرسة والبيت؛ تأثير الأصدقاء؛ المفاهيم الإجتماعية السائدة؛ المفردات التي تستخدم في البيت؛ في الشارع وفي المدرسة

  • exploring how they communicate with one another, their teachers and families, noticing if there are any changes in the way they see themselves in different contexts, for example, a family celebration, a school concert, or the birthday party of a non-Arabic-speaking friend

  VCARC147 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Reflecting

• VCDEU153

  Understand that own and others’ language use is shaped by and reflects the values, ideas and norms of a community

  Elaborations

  • recognising that texts such as stories have a social and cultural purpose, for example, the moral of a fairy tale (Aschenputtel) and comparing the kinds of personal characteristics that are depicted in texts as desirable
  • recognising that language use can have connections to cultural practices, such as expressions from family or religious celebrations, or from outdoor activities such as sports, for example, Gott sei Dank!, ‘Howzat!’, ‘fair go’
  • discussing situations of culturally inappropriate language use and noticing what makes them inappropriate and how this may be addressed, for example, addressing an adult who is not a family member with du instead of Sie
  • noticing the impact of own assumptions about people from German-speaking countries, their language and culture, when listening to, reading and viewing texts, and considering how German speakers too may make assumptions and generalisations about Australians

  VCDEU153 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCDTCD030

  Define problems in terms of data and functional requirements, drawing on previously solved problems to identify similarities

  Elaborations

  • checking existing solutions to identify features that are transferable to new but similar digital solutions, for example identifying if there are any similarities, such as user age and special requirements, between an existing game and a new game to be created
  • investigating characteristics of user interfaces that are common for particular types of problems, for example, touch screens encourage users to respond more intuitively than keyboards, or the consistent placement of symbols in games to speed up users' responses
  • using and interpreting data, establishing the root cause of a problem, for example using an annotated diagram to identify omissions, duplications or mismatches of data
  • describing in simple terms the nature of a problem and what a solution needs to achieve, for example what need the problem is associated with, who the solution is needed for, what data are needed and what features the solution would need to include

  VCDTCD030 | Technologies | Digital Technologies | Levels 5 and 6 | Creating Digital Solutions

• VCECU011

  Examine how problems may contain more than one ethical issue

  Elaborations

  • exploring the nature of an ethical dilemma in which there is a choice to be made between at least two options, none of which gives an ethically acceptable result, for example, choosing who to put in a lifeboat when there are limited places, or whether someone should tell the shop owner that they their friend is shop-stealing expensive medicine for their poverty stricken mother, or, whether to stop and help someone and miss an entrance exam, or whether to quit a sport team in a small town knowing that then there will not be enough players and the team will fold
  • investigating a problem such as responding to a natural disaster and identifying the ethical issues involved immediately and into the future
  • researching an historical example such as Batman’s 'treaty' and its validity, identifying the different ethical issues involved and from whose point of view

  VCECU011 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding Concepts

• VCGGC085

  Describe and explain the diverse characteristics of places in different locations from local to global scales

  Elaborations

  • researching the population size and density of a selection of countries around the world
  • exploring the diversity of environments and types of settlement, in the Asia region, or in part of the region, or in a country in either North-East, South-East or South Asia and discussing any patterns
  • researching the proportions of the Australian population and of the population from their local area who were born in each world cultural region, using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and then comparing aspects of selected cultures
  • investigating the similarities and differences in languages, religions and spiritual traditions between Australia and selected countries of the Asia region and other parts of the world
  • examining how the use of space within an area may be influenced by designation of land, for example, national parks, reserves, significant sites

  VCGGC085 | The Humanities | Geography | Levels 5 and 6 | Geographical Concepts and Skills | Place, space and interconnection

• VCITU054

  Recognise that language use varies according to the contexts of situation and culture

  Elaborations

  • discussing the differences in register when using language in different contexts, for example, when giving an oral presentation to the class, talking to friends in the schoolyard, going shopping, or visiting the doctor
  • observing that language changes depending on the age and gender of the participants
  • noticing that language varies depending on how people feel, who they are interacting with and their relationship with each other, for example, emotive language is used with friends and peers (Ma dai! Non ci credo! Che barba!), more formal language is used with unknown adults (Scusi? Per cortesia), and a range of salutations of varying degrees of formality are used in written communication (Tanti cari bacioni/Un grande abbraccio/Distinti saluti)
  • comparing language use in similar social situations in Italian and English

  VCITU054 | Languages | Italian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCLVU165

  Understand that texts such as stories, paintings, songs and dances have distinct purposes and particular language features

  Elaborations

  • distinguishing the purpose and characteristic features of different types of texts, for example, stories are usually about journeys across Country and convey explanations about why features of Country exist and are important
  • understanding that for many Aboriginal languages conventions of written text are in the process of being developed
  • recognising language features typically associated with familiar texts, for example, the use of imperatives in games, instructions and procedures, and the use of past and habitual tenses in stories
  • linking ideas using appropriate grammatical forms and processes, for example, connectives, serialisation, embedding
  • recognising the role played by different elements in texts to contribute to meaning-making, for example, the layout, title, illustration and use of punctuation in a picture book or the use of speech bubbles in a cartoon
  • investigating the purpose and use of sign language in various Aboriginal languages, for example, for hunting, for recent bereavement, for communicating at a distance, for restricting who can understand the message

  VCLVU165 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU173

  Understand how the language has been recorded in the past, and how this affects language building processes

  Elaborations

  • understanding how the language was recorded in the past, by whom and for what purposes
  • understanding the techniques of how the language was recorded in the past, what this means to the language and how it has affected current representation of the language
  • understanding reasons for different spellings of words within the language, for example, how sounds may have been misheard, meanings been misunderstood and other unintentional errors introduced in the documentation process of the language
  • understanding how language resources such as living speakers, recorded texts and archival information are used in the language building process
  • identifying gaps in the vocabulary of the language, considering what responses may be necessary
  • helping to build a community of learners–speakers who use the language, for example, by teaching younger members of the school community and/or classes in local primary schools

  VCLVU173 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCZHC038

  Create written imaginative texts, describing characters and sequencing events, using scaffolded models of texts, learnt characters or word lists for support

  Elaborations

  • experimenting with storytelling techniques by following provided models of narrative texts, for example rewriting 她有七色花，红色，蓝色，白色… and replacing 花 with 气球 and writing 她有七色气球，红色，蓝色，白色
  • using digital media to create an imaginative story to share with peers and Chinese-speaking contacts, using both language and images to achieve particular effects, for example, using 重复（很大很大的球; 走啊走啊走啊)
  • plotting a storyline, considering: Who is the main character? How can I make this character interesting to readers? How can I sequence my story to grab the reader’s attention?
  • collaborating to create alternative endings to well-known stories using learnt sequences and word lists for support

  VCZHC038 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Creating

• VCDEC141

  Convey information and opinions in different formats to suit specific audiences and purposes, selecting appropriate print and multimodal elements

  Elaborations

  • analysing and presenting the results of a class survey, for example, by creating a poster or digital presentation using graphs showing what foods students buy and/or would like to be able to buy at the school canteen (27 Schüler kaufen Süßigkeiten. 34 Schüler wollen andere Getränke.)
  • writing a blog entry for a youth website discussing an aspect of social behaviour, for example, Partys
  • creating a website for a contact group of German-speaking students, posting information on own interests and experiences, for example, Ferien, Freunde, Freizeit, Schule, Medien, and highlighting elements which may be unfamiliar to the intended audience using sound, visuals or graphics
  • creating a factual self-profile using Voki or VoiceThread for a group of young German speakers
  • recording, comparing and representing statistics related to German-speaking countries and Australia, for example, population and physical size, daily temperatures, number and type of dwellings, pet ownership, most popular leisure activities

  VCDEC141 | Languages | German | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Informing

• VCJAU157

  Recognise some single and whole word katakana and develop the ability to use hiragana and kanji in a single text

  Elaborations

  • reading and writing all hiragana (including voiced, combined and long vowel sounds and double consonants) using the kana chart
  • learning that kanji were brought from China and that hiragana was formed by simplifying the form of kanji, while katakana was formed using a part of kanji
  • learning to apply the basic principles of stroke order to write all hiragana and high-frequency kanji such as 月、日、木、人
  • recognising frequently used katakana words such as オーストラリア
  • reading and writing words, phrases and sentences using kana, for example, わたし　の　本、これ　は　かぞく　です。
  • understanding the use of basic Japanese punctuation marks such as まる(。) and てん(、), and katakana long vowel marks, for example, in a student’s name such as ルーク
  • understanding the use of furigana as a reading aid

  VCJAU157 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language