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• VCLVU166

  Recognise how kin relationships link people, Place and story

  Elaborations

  • interpreting kinship charts to identify kin terms for wider family groupings, and comparing these with terminology used in other languages and cultures, for example, for maternal versus paternal grandparents, the presence or absence of birth order names
  • discussing links between people, stories and Country/Place and the social importance of connections to history
  • recognising that certain places have historical and contemporary significance to the community, representing special bonds between people, Place and story
  • understanding that songs, stories and other forms of artistic expression can be recreated/traced and contextualised in contemporary circumstances

  VCLVU166 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCNRU046

  Identify and reproduce, orally and in writing, key features of intonation and pronunciation, experiment with the spelling of common words and apply basic punctuation rules

  Elaborations

  • applying, if applicable, different intonation for statements, questions, exclamations and commands
  • reading simple texts
  • applying and using, if applicable, accent marks
  • experimenting with spelling simple words
  • applying phonic and grammatical knowledge to spell and write unfamiliar words
  • understanding and applying punctuation marks in writing, for example, full stop, comma, exclamation mark, apostrophe, speech marks and question mark

  VCNRU046 | Capabilities | Personal and Social Capability | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU045

  Notice how the features of text organisation vary according to audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • describing the major features of familiar text types in Chinese, and experimenting with analysing Chinese texts, for example, recognising the ‘problem’ and the ‘resolution’ in a narrative
  • identifying the purpose and intended audience and context (for example, digital, online or face to face) of a range of familiar texts
  • exploring features and conventions of Chinese text, including lack of word spacing or use of punctuation, and variability in text direction, and comparing texts in traditional characters with texts in simplified characters
  • understanding the use of Chinese-specific punctuation, such as double quotation marks to signal a quote

  VCZHU045 | Languages | Chinese | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC047

  Reflect on how different language and cultural backgrounds and experiences influence perceptions of Auslan and of the Deaf community and also of the hearing community

  Elaborations

  • reflecting on and providing possible explanations for assumptions that hearing people might make about deaf people or about signed languages
  • examining some misconceptions about hearing people and culture held by members of the Deaf community, for example, that hearing people hear and understand everything, or that hearing people can hear from a distance
  • identifying how various emotions and attitudes, such as respect, shyness, exuberance or embarrassment, are expressed and may be perceived across different languages and cultures, comparing their experience of such differences in their own interactions with speakers of English or other spoken languages
  • explaining how their assumptions about users of other languages and ways of understanding the world are changing as a result of intercultural language and experiential learning
  • reflecting on language and cultural differences in forms of address in signed and spoken languages that need to be taken into account when interacting interculturally, for example, the frequent use of a person’s name when addressing them directly in Australian English but not in Auslan
  • reflecting on the role of personal storytelling in teaching and supporting deaf children to navigate a hearing world

  VCASFC047 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Identity

• VCASFU180

  Reflect on how communities’ ways of using languages are shaped by, reflect and strengthen cultural values and beliefs and how these may be differently interpreted by users of other languages

  Elaborations

  • explaining the role of Auslan and Deaf culture in maintaining, reflecting and strengthening the Deaf community and its networks and significant places
  • understanding that knowledge about past and present Deaf people and cultural experience and values is embodied in and transmitted through Auslan, for example ways of producing the sign for SIGN reflect cultural values placed on fluency
  • identifying the cultural importance of elements of communication such as the use of signing space and proxemics by Auslan users, particularly in relation to a person passing between two signers, or to the positioning of communication partners
  • identifying cultural differences in the use of personal names in Auslan and their own background language, such as the fact that Auslan signers do not use a person’s name sign when addressing them directly as do users of many spoken languages
  • recognising that different types of expressive and imaginative performance in Auslan carry cultural as well as linguistic information, for example, a film or theatrical performance that represents typical miscommunication experiences between deaf and hearing people
  • reflecting on the ways culture is interpreted by others, for example by identifying how stereotypes about deaf and hearing people influence perceptions
  • understanding that ‘sound’ is accessed differently in Deaf culture, that the meaning and importance of sound in deaf people’s lives is not the same as in hearing people’s experience

  VCASFU180 | Languages | Auslan | Second Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCELU152

  Explore the influence of Greek on the English language, such as morphemes in medical/scientific fields and in everyday language, such as school subjects and occupations, and how Greek has been influenced by the impact of new technology and knowledge

  Elaborations

  • recognising Greek morphemes (prefixes, suffixes and base words) in English, to explain spelling patterns in English, and to help work out meanings of unknown words, for example, anti-, astro-, auto-, bio-, deca-, demo-, geo-, -gram-, -graph-, hyper-, hypo-, -ic, -ism, -itis, kilo-, -logue, macro-, mega-, -meter, micro-, mono-, -morph-, neo-, octo-, -ology, pent-, -peri-, -phil-, -phobia, photo-, -poly-, psych-, -scope, tech-, tele-, -therm-, tri-
  • understanding that words derived from Ancient Greek are still being used today to create new words such as names of new technological/scientific discoveries for example, disc, giga-, mega-, metro
  • identifying familiar words in Greek and recognising their English equivalents, for example, το τηλέφωνο, η φωτογραφία, ο ποδίατρος, το δράμα, το θέατρο
  • using knowledge of familiar patterns and structures to decode and interpret meaning, for example, the Greek prefix ‘a-‘ in words can make the opposite meaning (ψητό – άψητο, symmetrical – asymmetrical)
  • understanding that English words are used in Modern Greek, but that Greek equivalents to these terms often also exist, for example, το κομπιούτερ-ο υπολογιστής, μπλε-γαλάζιο

  VCELU152 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCESU156

  Attend to the pronunciation of sounds and intonation patterns used in social interactions and apply writing conventions such as question and exclamation marks

  Elaborations

  • recognising how pitch, stress and rhythm assist meaning when individual words are unfamiliar, for example, ¡Qué miedo! ¡Rápido! ¡Vamos!
  • recognising the Spanish pronunciation of English loan words (bistec, jonrón, fútbol) and applying this awareness to unfamiliar loan words
  • reproducing Spanish sounds such as d/t, ce/ci, ga/gi, gue and gui
  • recognising variations in forms of spoken Spanish associated with particular regions, such as the pronunciation of j in Ecuador compared with northern Spain
  • applying phonic knowledge to spell unknown words, for example, estrella, llamar, tortilla, taxi, México
  • understanding the function of accents and learning to insert these into their own work electronically
  • understanding that accents in written Spanish indicate where the stress falls on a word, for example, mi mamá está en la fiesta and learning to insert these into their own work electronically
  • using correct writing conventions such as inverted question and exclamation marks at the start of sentences, for example, ¿qué tal?; ¡cuidado!; ¡qué onda!

  VCESU156 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCHIU052

  Recognise that Hindi has evolved and developed through different periods of influence by other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • understanding key influences and stages of development of Hindi over time and through different cultural influences
  • exploring the relationship between Hindi and English across different historical and cultural contexts up to today
  • identifying changes to contemporary forms of Hindi due to the influence of globalisation, technology and intercultural relationships
  • identifying Hindi words derived from other languages, such as चश्मा, borrowed from Persian, क्षेत्र directly from Sanskrit versus खेत from Hindi via Pali/Prakrit
  • recognising the influence of Sanskrit on Hindi and other languages, for example, by identifying Sanskrit words adopted and adapted in different ways in different languages
  • identifying influences from other languages in their own/their family’s use of Hindi, for example, the use of terms associated with social media, popular culture and technology स्क्रीन, माउस
  • understanding that all languages change in response to changing circumstances, for example, the addition of new terms for new inventions or experiences, word-borrowing from other languages or, as in the case of Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages, the reversal of language loss through revival and retrieval programs

  VCHIU052 | Languages | Hindi | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU161

  Recognise that the Japanese language is both influenced by in turn influences other languages and cultures

  Elaborations

  • exploring how the Japanese language is influenced by other languages and cultures, for example, in relation to food パン、スパゲッティー、クレープ、ハンバーガー, music and sport ミュージカル、ロック、ダンス、サッカー、バスケットボール, and technology パソコン、メール、インターネット
  • investigating the influence of Japanese language and culture on their own language and experience, for example, by creating a glossary of Japanese words and expressions used in fields such as martial arts (‘judo’, ‘karate’, ‘sensei’, ‘sumo’), food (‘sushi’, ‘tofu’, ‘wasabi’) or communication/culture (‘haiku’, ‘anime’, ‘manga’, ‘sudoku’)
  • understanding that there are Japanese-speaking communities outside Japan, for example, in Hawaii and South America, and that Japanese is widely taught in many countries around the world, including Australia and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region
  • understanding that all languages change, that some are constantly growing and expanding while others are disappearing or being revived, for example, many indigenous languages, including Aboriginal languages and Torres Strait Islander languages

  VCJAU161 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCJAU157

  Recognise some single and whole word katakana and develop the ability to use hiragana and kanji in a single text

  Elaborations

  • reading and writing all hiragana (including voiced, combined and long vowel sounds and double consonants) using the kana chart
  • learning that kanji were brought from China and that hiragana was formed by simplifying the form of kanji, while katakana was formed using a part of kanji
  • learning to apply the basic principles of stroke order to write all hiragana and high-frequency kanji such as 月、日、木、人
  • recognising frequently used katakana words such as オーストラリア
  • reading and writing words, phrases and sentences using kana, for example, わたし　の　本、これ　は　かぞく　です。
  • understanding the use of basic Japanese punctuation marks such as まる(。) and てん(、), and katakana long vowel marks, for example, in a student’s name such as ルーク
  • understanding the use of furigana as a reading aid

  VCJAU157 | Languages | Japanese | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCLVU172

  Identify available resources and protocols to be followed when building language

  Elaborations

  • identifying and locating available language resources suitable for language building, for example, living speakers and rememberers, visual, aural and written documents, archival material
  • identifying the existence and location of keeping places for texts and resources as language is rebuilt, for example, in the community, national archives, purpose-built interpretative centres
  • understanding that there are protocols to be followed when building language, such as consulting and involving language owners who may want to determine how the language expands into new domains of use
  • discussing potential limits and constraints of school language programs in relation to building language
  • learning about language building efforts in their community and the role of particular groups in this process, for example, by visiting the local language centre, history museum or by inviting people involved in the process to talk to the class
  • identifying language revival programs in other regions and reporting on processes used and resources developed
  • finding examples of language revival in the categories of language revitalisation, language renewal and language reclamation, and consider what these examples contribute to the processes of language building
  • understanding how language revival serves to enrich Australia’s linguistic and cultural resources

  VCLVU172 | Languages | Victorian Aboriginal Languages | Levels 3 to 6 | Understanding | Role of language building

• VCADRR032

  Explain how the elements of drama and production elements communicate meaning by comparing drama from different social, cultural and historical contexts, including in the drama of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • reviewing their own drama, outlining how they used elements of drama and narrative structures and the consequences of collaborative processes
  • identifying and discussing different performance styles and the portrayal of different roles and relationships in the drama
  • talking and writing about drama from other places and times and how it may contribute to their own drama, and how cultural understandings shape meanings in drama
  • identify the features of drama from different times and places, for example, investigate ways that drama created by contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander drama practitioners and drama created by contemporary drama practitioners based in a school’s/region’s sister city in Asia, communicate stories

  VCADRR032 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 5 and 6 | Respond and Interpret

• VCAMUP031

  Rehearse and perform songs and music they have learnt, including their own compositions, combining aspects of the elements of music and using performance skills, to communicate ideas and intentions to an audience

  Elaborations

  • considering the layout and sound quality of performance spaces when planning live performances
  • exploring and applying different performance styles, and drawing on music from other locations, cultures and times as sources of ideas, for example, using relevant protocols for representing community or cultural stories such as songs or stories from the local Koorie community in performance
  • using appropriate breath control, phrasing and interpretation in a range of contexts
  • applying the tone colours of instruments and sounds from different times, places and cultures, for example, the djembe or angklung
  • describing intentions for a performance, for example, what do the performers intend audiences to experience and understand from the music? How will performers manipulate elements of music to create these effects?

  VCAMUP031 | The Arts | Music | Levels 5 and 6 | Present and Perform

• VCAMUR032

  Explain how aspects of the elements of music are combined to communicate ideas, concepts and feelings by comparing music from different cultures, times and locations, including the music of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  Elaborations

  • reviewing one’s own music, outlining their use of performance techniques and discussing the purpose of using specific presentation and production elements
  • providing and responding to feedback to refine performances and compositions
  • talking and writing about music from other places and times and how cultural understandings shape responses to music; for example, listening to examples of contemporary music that uses Aboriginal instruments such as the didgeridoo or clap sticks and asking ‘how does this music draw on music traditions or styles from other times, cultures or locations?
  • identifying the features of music from other contexts, for example, investigate traditional and contemporary music from Asia, considering traditions, customs and conventions

  VCAMUR032 | The Arts | Music | Levels 5 and 6 | Respond and Interpret

• VCARC145

  Produce bilingual texts and resources such as displays, instructions and newsletters for own learning and for the school community, identifying cultural terms in either language to assist meaning

  Elaborations

  • designing bilingual texts such as a poster for a class or school assembly performance, or a newsletter about a sports carnival or school event
  • using bilingual dictionaries and electronic translating tools to create bilingual texts such as captions, menus and timetables, comparing own version with peers’ and identifying differences in translation
  • creating parallel lists of informal Arabic and English expressions for own use in everyday interactions with friends and family
  • creating bilingual texts, such as songs, a board game, a web page for recipes or an instruction manual for a game, identifying and labelling culture-specific terms to support understanding

  VCARC145 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Communicating | Translating

• VCASFU051

  Identify structures, language features and cohesive devices used in different types of texts, recognising that language choices reflect purpose, context and audience

  Elaborations

  • examining different examples of an Auslan text type (for example, one to inform or one to persuade) and identifying choices signers made, for example the amount of fingerspelling they used
  • noticing how signers achieve textual cohesion and coherence through the use of connectives that create links between clauses, for example BUT and G:WELL
  • identifying the many ways signers can refer to the same referent in a text, for example by using DSs, points, list buoys, and how such strategies support understanding
  • annotating in ELAN or similar software where a signer is using established locations to refer to a noun referent

  VCASFU051 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCAVAE029

  Explore visual arts practices as inspiration to create artworks that express different ideas and beliefs

  Elaborations

  • exploring how artists select and manipulate materials and techniques and use these in their own art making
  • exploring ideas and expressions when making artworks inspired by observation or imagination, for example, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art from the local community, graffiti art, graphic design, or manga art
  • analysing the materials used by artists in artworks to enhance the meaning of the work, for example, the choice of material to enhance the viewer’s understanding of the artist’s intention
  • exploring the ways in which artists communicate their views, beliefs and opinions in artworks and use these in their own art making
  • making aesthetic choices about the expression of ideas and beliefs and describe the use of visual conventions and processes

  VCAVAE029 | The Arts | Visual Arts | Levels 5 and 6 | Explore and Express Ideas

• VCESU162

  Reflect on own language use at home, at school and in the community, considering how this may be interpreted by young Spanish speakers

  Elaborations

  • describing own/one another’s ways of communicating, identifying aspects that may reflect Australian traditions, values and practices
  • choosing words or expressions commonly used in informal Australian interactions, and deciding how to interpret or explain them to young Spanish speakers, for example, ‘mate’, ‘fair dinkum’
  • noticing similarities and differences between own ways of communicating and aspects observed in interactions between young Spanish speakers in different contexts and situations, for example, the expression of politeness or turn-taking in conversations
  • identifying things they take for granted about communication in familiar cultural contexts, for example, shared understanding of gestures and tones of voice
  • noticing culturally appropriate ways of offering praise, recognition, gratitude or encouragement

  VCESU162 | Languages | Spanish | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture

• VCHHC084

  Describe perspectives and identify ideas, beliefs and values of people and groups in the past

  Elaborations

  • conducting an interview to learn about the experiences of community or family members who migrated to Australia and understanding that different questions elicit different kinds of answers, for example, the difference between a closed and open question such as ‘Did you like Australia when you first arrived?’ compared with ‘How did you feel about Australia when you first arrived?’
  • using sources to develop narratives, for example, reasons for the establishment of colonies, effects of key developments and events on colonies, the impact of significant groups or individuals on development
  • retrieving census data to construct arguments for and against migration

  VCHHC084 | The Humanities | History | Levels 5 and 6 | Historical Concepts and Skills | Historical sources as evidence

• VCKOU171

  Explore how beliefs and value systems are reflected in everyday language use

  Elaborations

  • understanding the significance of social conventions and cultural concepts, for example, 잘 먹겠습니다, 잘 먹었습니다
  • reflecting on diverse interpretations of everyday language use in Korean, for example, possible interpretations of such phrases as 어디 가요? and밥 먹었어요? as either greetings or genuine questions depending on the context
  • reflecting on and comparing culturally embedded meanings of equivalent proverbs in Korean and English, providing possible reasons for the differences in expression of the same meaning, for example, 식은 죽먹기 versus ‘piece of cake’

  VCKOU171 | Languages | Korean | F–10 Sequence | Levels 5 and 6 | Understanding | Role of language and culture