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• VCFRC063

  Create bilingual texts such as glossaries, menus, captions or brochures, identifying words or expressions that carry specific cultural meaning in either language

  Elaborations

  • creating glossaries for French-speaking friends to accompany Australian images or texts, explaining, for example, outback lifestyle, inner-city markets, abbreviations such as ‘barbie’ and ‘brekkie’
  • composing menus or programs for French-themed events, including footnotes in English to explain key terms or items, for example, le plat du jour, service compris, l’entr’acte, la mise en scène
  • creating tourist brochures or itineraries for young Australian travellers to French- speaking regions or countries, supplying key words, phrases and cultural protocols, for example, Encore une fois, s’il vous plaȋt; je vais prendre ceci, ça coûte combien? où sont les toilettes? Je vous remercie, Madame — Je vous en prie, Madame

  VCFRC063 | Languages | French | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCRAU066

  Recognise formal and informal forms and that their style and use depend on the context, purpose and audience

  Elaborations

  • examining differences in language use according to mode, for example, poetry/song lyrics or abbreviations used in text messages
  • recognising that the use of different terms of address reflects varying levels of politeness and familiarity
  • comparing language structures in the language and English and how these are used to create intimacy or distance, for example, the use of colloquial language
  • using intonation to shift meaning, for example, to show surprise, to downplay or to exaggerate

  VCRAU066 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Language variation and change

• VCADRD035

  Plan, structure and rehearse drama, exploring ways to communicate and refine dramatic meaning

  Elaborations

  • planning, organising and rehearsing dramatic action to present performances of devised and scripted drama, for example, working collaboratively to determine a clear and intended purpose and using available stagecraft and theatre technologies, and realise this in performance
  • using evaluations and responding to feedback when rehearsing, devising and scripting drama, for example, ‘What elements, forms and styles have been used? How have the elements and materials been used and organised to create meaning in different forms and styles? What elements, forms and styles are they using in their drama and why?’
  • using documentation such as a journal, blog or audio/video recording to analyse and evaluate the structural choices made in their devised drama
  • interpreting and directing scripted drama, considering how to use stagecraft and design elements to create specific effects

  VCADRD035 | The Arts | Drama | Levels 7 and 8 | Drama Practices

• VCARC156

  Engage in classroom interactions and exchanges, clarifying meaning, and describing and explaining actions and responses

  Elaborations

  • exchanging ideas and suggestions with peers, for example,

    ماذا تقترح يا سامي؟ أعطنا رأيك؛ كيف يمكن أن ننظّم الأدوار بيننا؟ ما رأيكم؟

  • clarifying meaning of common expressions by giving examples, such as

    أعني أنّ كل واحد منّا يكتب صفحة؛ أقصد أنا وهناء نبحث عن الصور؛ وعادل ووفاء وسمر يكتبون المقاطع؛ مثلاً؛ مثل؛ على سبيل المثال

  • contributing to class discussions by expressing opinions, using reflective language, for example,

    لو كان لدينا وقتاً أطول؛ لأضفنا موسيقى على البحث؛ كان الإمتحان صعباً وطويلاً؛ أصبحت القراءة في الصّف مملّة

  • describing actions and responses and giving reasons, for example, وضعتُ الصورة هنا لأنّها صغيرة ومناسبة؛ فاتني القطار لأنّني إستيقظت متأخراً؛ أنا متعب اليوم لأنّني نمت الساعة العاشرة ليلاً. إن ساعدتني في البحث؛ سنحصل على درجة عالية

  VCARC156 | Languages | Arabic | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Socialising

• VCIDC059

  Translate and analyse a range of texts, comparing language choices and exploring differences in meanings

  Elaborations

  • translating texts, identifying culture-specific vocabulary (for example, peci, kebaya) and expressions (for example, makan angin, pulang kampung), discussing the translation process (such as possible reasons for equivalence/non-equivalence), and choosing ‘best fit’ words or omitting words
  • comparing interpretations of texts such as advertisements, songs or film extracts, noticing similarities and differences, and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCIDC059 | Languages | Indonesian | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCMSP271

  Describe and interpret data displays using median, mean and range

  Elaborations

  • using mean and median to compare data sets and explaining how outliers may affect the comparison
  • locating mean, median and range on graphs and connecting them to real life

  VCMSP271 | Mathematics | Level 7 | Statistics and Probability | Data representation and interpretation

• VCRAC059

  Translate and analyse a range of texts, comparing language choices and exploring differences in meanings

  Elaborations

  • translating texts, identifying culture-specific vocabulary and expressions, discussing the translation process (such as possible reasons for equivalence/non-equivalence), and choosing ‘best fit’ words or omitting words
  • comparing interpretations of texts such as advertisements, songs or film extracts, noticing similarities and differences, and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCRAC059 | Languages | Roman Alphabet Languages | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCZHU237

  Apply understanding of word morphology and vocabulary choices to interpret and convey meaning

  Elaborations

  • examining the relationship between characters in a word, identifying subtle differences in meaning to enhance their own communication, and determining the appropriate context for related words such as 帮助 and 帮忙
  • differentiating 形近词 based on the meanings of each morpheme (for example, in 走进 and 走近) and applying in own writing
  • analysing how words containing a common morpheme are related, for example, how 乘 is used in 乘车 (‘take a ride’), 乘机 (‘take a chance’) and 乘法 (‘multiplication’)

  VCZHU237 | Languages | Chinese | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCZHU171

  Use character and component knowledge to infer sound and meaning of new characters encountered in texts, and examine component form and function to associate the correct sound and meaning with individual characters

  Elaborations

  • using knowledge of components to select a character from options when inputting Chinese in a digital text
  • categorising words containing a common morpheme to better understand the relationship between morphemes and specific word meanings, for example, using Chinese dictionaries to explore the range of words created from common character morphemes such as 情 (情感、情趣、情形) and 性（性能、性别、性格）
  • discriminating between the functions of morphemes with related meanings, for example, 餐，饭; 做，作
  • exploring influences on word formation, for example, the school subject ‘Language’ is called 语文 in China not 汉语 or 中文

  VCZHU171 | Languages | Chinese | Background Language Learner | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCARU014

  Identify the structure and textual features of a range of personal, informative and imaginative texts, and recognise how these contribute to meaning

  Elaborations

  • understanding that texts in Arabic can be short or long, spoken, written, digital, visual or multimodal, for example, labels, stories, signs, songs and captions
  • understanding that texts have a purpose, for example, train timetables indicate the time the train arrives or departs the station, recounts describe past events and experiences, greeting cards convey feelings, and labels tell us information about an item
  • recognising how elements of texts such as the title, layout and the size of the script all combine to make meaning
  • identifying and comparing the features of different types of texts, observing similar patterns and identifying differences, for example, the opening and the signature of an email and a letter, a description in a recount and in a diary entry
  • identifying the purpose, context and audience of a range of familiar texts, for example, songs, poems, short plays and video clips
  • comparing texts on a common topic, for example, a print report, a television report and an internet announcement about an accident, and discussing how features of texts assist in making meaning
  • describing key features of different types of texts and discussing audience and purpose, for example, a shopping list serves as a reminder to self to purchase particular items, while a permission note seeks permission to do or have something
  • analysing how different types of texts in Arabic create specific effects through the use of different language features, for example, the use of superlatives in advertisements designed to persuade, or the use of repetition for emphasis in speeches

  VCARU014 | Languages | Arabic | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCASFC098

  Translate familiar words and phrases from Auslan to English and vice versa, noticing similarities and differences in meaning

  Elaborations

  • recognising that every language uses words or signs to make meaning
  • identifying aspects of Auslan which are the same in English, such as the fingerspelled alphabet
  • participating in shared reading of age-appropriate high-interest, low-readability books containing images and plain English text, asking and answering questions about unfamiliar words and phrases, working collaboratively to produce an Auslan version of the text
  • comparing key signs used in Auslan versions of familiar and simple texts, such as stories from the Auslan Storybooks site, to words used in written English texts, and noticing how signs can convey rich, multilayered meaning, which might not have a direct match in English captioning
  • playing matching-pair games with Auslan sign flashcards and English word cards, matching cards in each language associated with concepts such as weather or animals
  • identifying examples of words and signs that seem to have direct matches/equivalents in Auslan and English and examples of those that do not, such as GO-TO in Auslan requiring more than one English word
  • finding and using phrases that have direct sign-for-word translations between Auslan and English, such as Goodnight, Happy birthday and Happy New Year and others that do not, such as None of your business!
  • identifying challenges associated with Auslan–English translation, such as multiple meanings for words like run, the fact that meaning is not always literal and that sign translations of a word will vary according to the meaning in context
  • paraphrasing and summarising short Auslan texts containing familiar content, providing simple translations in written English, and following the reverse process working from texts in written English into Auslan

  VCASFC098 | Languages | Auslan | First Language Learner | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCECU014

  Explore the contested meaning of concepts including freedom, justice, and rights and responsibilities, and the extent they are and should be valued by different individuals and groups

  Elaborations

  • exploring the meaning of justice by proposing and evaluating criteria that might be used for justice, such as what is deserved, adherence to laws or maximising the common good
  • comparing and evaluating two conceptions of freedom: the absence of anything that prevents you achieving what you want, and the ability to control your own interests (self- determination); and whether the harm principle should be used to limit freedom, as part of a study of an issue concerning freedom of speech, or freedom of action (such as restrictions to gambling or alcohol consumption)
  • using a range of examples, such as drink driving, to examine whether there are more important rights and responsibilities than others, whether rights are means or ends and the extent to which reasons involving rights do and should outweigh other reasons for actions

  VCECU014 | Capabilities | Ethical Capability | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding Concepts

• VCELA381

  Understand the use of punctuation to support meaning in complex sentences with prepositional phrases and embedded clauses

  Elaborations

  • discussing how qualifying statements add meaning to opinions and views in spoken texts

  VCELA381 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Writing | Language

• VCELA370

  Analyse how point of view is generated in visual texts by means of choices, including gaze, angle and social distance

  Elaborations

  • comparing choices for point of view in animations, advertisements and other persuasive texts
  • comparing how different advertisements use visual elements to advertise the same product
  • experimenting with digital storytelling conventions to create personal reflections on shared experiences

  VCELA370 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Reading and Viewing | Language

• VCELC161

  Translate texts from Greek to English and vice versa, interpreting meaning and identifying words or expressions of specific cultural significance in Greek

  Elaborations

  • translating and interpreting expressions used in routine exchanges in familiar settings and making comparisons with similar exchanges in English
  • translating texts, such as short video clips (without subtitles), posters, advertisements, signs and symbols such as emoticons, and explaining cultural aspects using subtitles, captions, gestures and commentaries
  • using dictionaries (traditional, online or electronic) and other translation tools found online, exploring ways of avoiding literal translations that do not reflect intended meaning
  • comparing translations and interpretations of texts such as songs and advertisements, noticing similarities and differences and reflecting on why interpretations may vary

  VCELC161 | Languages | Modern Greek | F–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Communicating | Translating

• VCELT375

  Understand, interpret and discuss how language is compressed to produce a dramatic effect in film or drama, and to create layers of meaning in poetry

  Elaborations

  • experiencing the sound and rhythm of poetry and using metalanguage, for example ‘refrain’, ‘chant’ to discuss the layers of meaning that are created

  VCELT375 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Reading and Viewing | Literature

• VCELY388

  Edit for meaning by removing repetition, refining ideas, reordering sentences and adding or substituting words for impact

  Elaborations

  • using collaborative technologies to jointly construct and edit texts

  VCELY388 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Writing | Literacy

• VCELY379

  Analyse and explain the ways text structures and language features shape meaning and vary according to audience and purpose

  Elaborations

  • explaining the possible relationship between an author's choices and the features of a text, such as identifying which group would be the most likely target of the information in an advertisement, and justifying why on the basis of textual features

  VCELY379 | Curriculum content | English | Level 7 | Reading and Viewing | Literacy

• VCESU014

  Recognise and describe features of familiar types of texts, and notice how these contribute to the making of meaning

  Elaborations

  • comparing English and Spanish versions of familiar types of texts, noting similarities and differences in language features and text structure, for example, ways of opening and closing formal or personal letters
  • understanding how to use cohesive devices such as conjunctions and time markers in texts to sequence, link and elaborate ideas, for example, y, o, pero, además, primero, después, de pronto
  • analysing features of common types of texts such as stories, emails, songs and slogans, identifying how the choice of language and structure works to achieve each text’s purpose
  • identifying the intended audience, purpose and key language features of familiar types of texts such as recipes, announcements, road signs or instructions, for example, Primero, se pelan las patatas..., Señores pasajeros, el tren con destino ..., SE RUEGA SILENCIO, Escribir la respuesta a las siguientes preguntas ...

  VCESU014 | Languages | Spanish | 7–10 Sequence | Levels 7 and 8 | Understanding | Systems of language

• VCGRCE004

  Read aloud, recite or perform Classical Greek texts, using phrasing and voice inflection to convey meaning and to entertain others

  Elaborations

  • listening to and reproducing familiar and unfamiliar words, phrases and simple texts in Classical Greek to convey meaning, using restored pronunciation and appropriate phrasing and expression
  • presenting orally short texts in Classical Greek, such as stories, dialogues, poems or speeches, to peers or the class, for example, a scene from Aristophanes or an epigram
  • performing short extracts from comedy or passages of dialogue in collaboration with others, using strategies to convey the emotions of the characters
  • reading aloud or reciting extracts from Classical Greek literature, such as the initial lines of the Iliad and the Odyssey

  VCGRCE004 | Languages | Classical Greek | Levels 7 and 8 | Engaging with texts | Responding to texts